东太平洋水合物海岭沉积物中黏土矿物与水合物饱和度相关性研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.175

现代地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (01): 159-171.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.175

东太平洋水合物海岭沉积物中黏土矿物与水合物饱和度相关性研究

尚卫¹^,²(), 苏新¹^,²(), 白辰阳¹^,², 崔鸿鹏¹^,²

1. 中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院,北京 100083
2. 中国地质大学(北京) 海洋与极地研究中心,北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-11-10 修回日期:2021-12-26 出版日期:2022-02-10 发布日期:2022-03-08
通讯作者: 苏新
作者简介:苏新,女,教授,博士生导师,1957年出生,地层古生物和海洋地质专业,主要从事微体古生物、海洋地质和天然气水合物等研究。Email: xsu@cugb.edu.cn。
尚卫,男,硕士研究生,1989年出生,海洋科学专业,主要从事海洋地质和天然气水合物研究。Email: shangweimg@126.com。
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目“神狐海域天然气水合物先导试验区资源评价”(DD20190224);中国大洋钻探计划委员会基金资助项目

Correlation of Clay Minerals and Gas Hydrate Saturation in Sediments from the Hydrate Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean

SHANG Wei¹^,²(), SU Xin¹^,²(), BAI Chenyang¹^,², CUI Hongpeng¹^,²

1. School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Marine and Polar Research Center, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-11-10 Revised:2021-12-26 Online:2022-02-10 Published:2022-03-08
Contact: SU Xin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨水合物储层中不同黏土矿物与水合物饱和度的关系,选取位于东太平洋水合物海岭国际大洋钻探计划204航次中的3个钻孔(1245B孔、1244C孔和1251B),开展储层沉积物黏土矿物的测试和综合分析。结果表明,蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石为主要黏土矿物(平均含量分别为40.3%、33.4%、21.4%);高岭石为次要黏土矿物(平均4.9%)。伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石三种矿物含量的垂向变化规律相似,但它们与蒙脱石的垂向变化趋势相反。该区水合物饱和度与蒙脱石含量呈正相关,且正相关程度在“细粒岩性”层段较高(R=0.55~0.97);水合物饱和度与伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石则显示负相关。3个钻孔中水合物储层厚度、水合物饱和度在各钻孔中分布的差异性表明水合物饱和度的受控因素复杂,首先是气源和流体迁移与供给,其次为沉积物岩性;而“细粒岩性”层段较高含量蒙脱石与水合物饱和度正相关关系可能代表了更次一级的沉积影响因素。为检验其它海区是否也存在黏土矿物对水合物饱和度的影响,将上述3个钻孔与印度外海Krishna-Godavari盆地17-07P钻孔记录进行对比。结果显示,17-07P孔的砂含量高,在粗砂层蒙脱石含量与水合物饱和度呈正相关,反映两个海域岩性对水合物饱和度控制机理不同。上述“细粒岩性”层段蒙脱石含量和伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石3种黏土矿物含量与水合物饱和度之间相关性的差异,可能因为蒙脱石具有特殊层状结构和表面化学性质(层间表面带负电荷、具有可交换的层间水合阳离子等),有利于促进水合物的形成和富集,因而表现为正相关;而伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石自身属性与蒙脱石不同(吸水膨胀能力、对甲烷的吸附能力较蒙脱石弱),不利于水合物的聚集,表现为负相关。

关键词: 黏土矿物, 水合物饱和度, 水合物储层, 水合物海岭, ODP 204航次

Abstract:

To understand the correlation between clay minerals and gas hydrate saturation in hydrate reservoir strata, we analyzed the clay minerals in sediments from three drillholes (1245B, 1244C and 1251B) from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 on the Hydrate Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean. Montmorillonite, illite and chlorite are the main clay mineral components (average 40.3%, 33.4% and 21.4%, respectively), and kaolinite is minor (average 4.9%). The vertical distribution patterns of illite, chlorite and kaolinite are similar, opposite to that of montmorillonite. The data show positive correlation between hydrate saturation and montmorillonite content in the three holes, and the degree of positive correlation increases with depth, which is dominated by fine-grained sediments (R = 0.55 - 0.97). Meanwhile, gas hydrate saturation is negatively correlated with illite, chlorite and kaolinite. The differences of hydrate reservoir thickness and distribution patterns of hydrate saturation in the three holes suggest complex controlling factors for hydrate saturation, including mainly (1) gas-fluid supply and migration and (2) lithology. Correlation between montmorillonite content and hydrate saturation in the fine-sediment interval might belong to subordinate influence. In order to test any relationship between montmorillonite and hydrate saturation in other regions, we used the records from drillhole 17-07P in the Krishna-Godavari Basin (offshore India) for comparison with our data. Results indicate that the values of sand components in reservoir strata of this region are significantly higher than that on the Hydrate Ridge, showing a positive correlation between hydrate saturation and montmorillonite content in the sand reservoir strata. The comparison results indicate that the hydrate saturation controlling factors vary between two areas. In view of the difference between two types of correlation (i.e., between the montmorillonite content and hydrate saturation, and between the contents of illite, chlorite and kaolinite and hydrate saturation) in the fine-grained sediments, we inferred that montmorillonite is conducive to the hydrate formation due to its special layered crystal structure and surface chemical properties (negative charge and exchangeable hydrate cation in the interlayer surface), which benefits natural gas hydrate formation and accumulation. The properties of illite, chlorite and kaolinite are different from montmorillonite (weaker water absorption, and swelling and methane adsorption capacity than montmorillonite), and is inconducive to natural gas hydrate accumulation.

Key words: clay mineral, hydrate saturation, hydrate reservoir, Hydrate Ridge, ODP Leg 204

中图分类号:

尚卫, 苏新, 白辰阳, 崔鸿鹏. 东太平洋水合物海岭沉积物中黏土矿物与水合物饱和度相关性研究[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(01): 159-171.

SHANG Wei, SU Xin, BAI Chenyang, CUI Hongpeng. Correlation of Clay Minerals and Gas Hydrate Saturation in Sediments from the Hydrate Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(01): 159-171.

图/表 8

图1 ODP 204航次钻探区构造位置及站位分布(红点标识本研究的三个钻孔;据文献[16]修改) (a)钻区板块构造位置;(b)水合物海岭位置;(c)钻孔分布

Fig.1 Structural and site locations of ODP Leg 204 (the studied three drillholes shown in red dots;modified after ref.[16])

表1 ODP 204航次3个钻孔位置信息和水合物储层深度范围的主要岩性(据文献[22⇓-24])

Table 1 Information of three ODP Leg 204 drillholes and main lithology of gas hydrate reservoir strata (from refs. [22⇓-24])

ODP钻孔	位置(水深/m)	储层深度/mbsf		岩性单元	储层岩性
ODP钻孔	位置(水深/m)	顶部	底部	岩性单元	储层岩性
1245B	44.586° N, 125.148° W (870.0)	50.75	76.00	II	深绿灰色含硅藻黏土和粉砂质黏土,与细砂互层
1245B	44.586° N, 125.148° W (870.0)	76.00	129.59	IIIA	深绿灰色富含超微化石、富硅藻黏土及粉砂质黏土,与薄层砂质粉砂、粉砂互层
1244C	44.586° N, 125.119° W (890.0)	48.30	69.00	I	深绿色灰色黏土夹粉砂质黏土、细粉砂薄层
1244C	44.586° N, 125.119° W (890.0)	69.00	125.80	II	深绿灰色粉砂质黏土夹细砂、粗粉砂薄层
1251B	44.570° N, 125.074° W (1216.0)	89.85	130.00	IC	黏土和粉砂质黏土互层组成,含丰富的硅藻、有孔虫等微体化石
1251B	44.570° N, 125.074° W (1216.0)	130.00	186.95	IIA	粉砂质黏土

图2 1245B孔水合物储层岩性(砂、粉砂和黏土)、黏土矿物含量及水合物饱和度对比图(浅黄色标识黏土组分变化小的深度区间;水合物饱和度数据引自文献[23];1 mbsf示海底面以下1 m,下文同)

Fig.2 Comparison of lithologic components (sand, silt and clay), clay mineral contents and gas hydrate saturation in the hydrate reservoir sequences in drillhole 1245B (hydrate saturation data from ref. [23])

图3 1244C孔水合物储层岩性(砂、粉砂和黏土)、黏土矿物含量及水合物饱和度对比图(浅黄色标识黏土组分变化小的深度区间;水合物饱和度数据引自文献[22])

Fig.3 Comparison of lithologic components (sand, silt and clay), clay mineral contents and gas hydrate saturation in the hydrate reservoir sequences in drillhole 1244C (hydrate saturation data from ref. [22])

图4 1251B孔水合物储层岩性(砂、粉砂和黏土)、黏土矿物含量及水合物饱和度对比图(浅黄色标识黏土组分变化小的深度区间;水合物饱和度数据引自文献[24])

Fig.4 Comparison of lithologic components (sand, silt and clay), clay mineral contents and gas hydrate saturation in the hydrate reservoir sequences in drillhole 1251B (hydrate saturation data from ref. [24])

图5 储层全序列黏土矿物含量与水合物饱和度Pearson相关性分析

Fig.5 Pearson correlation analysis of clay mineral content and hydrate saturation of all samples in drillholes 1244C, 1244C (no hydrate saturation data at 56.44 mbsf depth), 1245B, and 1251B

表2 所研究三个钻孔部分“细粒岩性段”中黏土矿物与水合物饱和度的Pearson相关性分析

Table 2 Pearson correlation analysis of clay mineral content and hydrate saturation in the fine-grained lithologic intervals of the studied drillholes

钻孔	蒙脱石含量和水合物饱和度(R)	伊利石含量和水合物饱和度(R)	绿泥石含量和水合物饱和度(R)	高岭石含量和水合物饱和度(R)
1245B	0.60	-0.53	-0.53	-0.52
1244C	0.55	-0.68	0.03	-0.87
1251B	0.97	-0.99	-0.99	-0.60

表3 印度K-G盆地17-07P孔砂高含量和低含量储层段中水合物饱和度与蒙脱石含量对比(据文献[7]整理)

Table 3 Comparison of gas hydrate saturation and montmorillonite contents in reservoir sequence with high and low sand content from drillhole 17-07P in the K-G Basin, offshore India (from ref. [7])

印度水合物钻区	钻孔	深度/mbsf	储层沉积粒度组分含量 (平均值)	蒙脱石/% (平均含量)	水合物饱和度/%	蒙脱石含量与水合物饱和度关系
K-G盆地	17-07P	282.10~282.30	砂23.6%,粉砂63.3%,黏土13.1%	0.4~1.0(0.7)	20~60	正相关
K-G盆地	17-07P	282.95~283.20	砂7.9%,粉砂76.1%,黏土16.0%	2.6~3.7(3.1)	20~50	负相关

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东太平洋水合物海岭沉积物中黏土矿物与水合物饱和度相关性研究

Correlation of Clay Minerals and Gas Hydrate Saturation in Sediments from the Hydrate Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean

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