库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩有机岩石学

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.06.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用全岩有机岩石学分析方法,对库车坳陷北部山前带中生界三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的显微组分、主要富氢组分、有机质类型及热演化程度进行了研究。结果表明:库车坳陷北部山前带侏罗系克孜勒努尔组烃源岩显微组分总含量最高,恰克马克组烃源岩最低。中生界烃源岩显微组分组成具有镜质组含量高、壳质组和惰性组相对发育、腐泥组贫乏的特征。不同层位具有一定差异性,克孜勒努尔组和塔里奇克组中镜质组含量较高,恰克马克组壳质组相对发育。孢子体、壳屑体、角质体和藻类体是其主要的富氢组分,恰克马克组富氢组分相对含量最高。烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型和Ⅱ₂型为主,有利于生气,镜质组反射率R_o为0.56%~1.87%,热演化程度处于成熟-高成熟阶段。克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带冲断前缘烃源岩显微组分总含量与热演化程度均相对较高,为烃源岩的最大成熟生烃中心。烃源岩高生烃潜力与高的壳质组含量和低的陆源有机质含量有关。

关键词: 中生界烃源岩, 显微组分, 有机质类型, 热演化, 库车坳陷, 有机岩石学

Abstract:

Using whole-rock organic petrological analysis, the macerals, major hydrogen-rich components, organic matter types and thermal evolution of organic matter in the Triassic-Jurassic source rocks from the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression are revealed. The results show that the total maceral content of the Jurassic Kezilenuer Formation source rocks is the highest in the northern piedmont zone, and that in the Qiakemake Formation source rocks is the lowest. The Mesozoic source rocks lack sapropelite, but are rich in vitrinite and relatively rich in exinite and inertinite. The maceral contents of these source rocks vary according to their respective formations.The vitrinite contents of the Kezilenuer and Qiakemake formations are relatively high, and exinite in the Qiakemake Formation is relatively well developed.It is suggested that sporinite, liptodetrinite, cutinite and alginate are the main hydrocarbon-forming macerals, and the hydrocarbon-forming maceral content in the Qiakemake Formation is the highest.Organic matter in the source rocks are mainly of Type Ⅲ and Ⅱ₂, which are beneficial for gas formation. Thermal evolution level in these source rocks are in the mature and high-mature stage,with the vitrinite reflectance (R_o) of 0.56% to 1.87%. The results show that the hydrocarbon-forming center locates in the thrusting front of the Kelasu thrust belt, with the highest total maceral content and thermal evolution. High oil-forming potential of hydrocarbon source rock is related to high proportion of liptinite macerals and low content of terrigenous organic matter.

Key words: Mesozoic source rock, maceral, organic matter type, thermal evolution, the Kuqa depression, organic petrology

中图分类号:

TE122.1

梁万乐, 李贤庆, 魏强, 李谨, 孙可欣, 张敏. 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩有机岩石学[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(06): 1137-1149.

LIANG Wanle, LI Xianqing, WEI Qiang, LI Jin, SUN Kexin, ZHANG Min. Organic Petrology of Mesozoic Source Rocks in the Northern Piedmont Zone of the Kuqa Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(06): 1137-1149.

图/表 13

图1 库车坳陷北部山前带构造分区(a)、采样位置(b)及中生界地层综合柱状图(c)

Fig.1 Sketch map showing tectonic units (a), sample locations (b), and schematic Mesozic stratigraphic column (c) in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

表1 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩样品分布情况

Table 1 Distribution of Mesozoic source rock samples in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

样品号	井名或剖面	深度/m	层位	岩性	样品号	井名或剖面	深度/m	层位	岩性
KZ1-1	克孜1井	1 659	J₂q	灰色泥岩	YN2-3	依南2井	4 405	J₁y	暗色泥岩
KCH1	库车河	/	J₂q	灰色泥岩	YN2-4	依南2井	4 408	J₁y	暗色泥岩
KPL1	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	深灰色泥岩	YN4-1	依南4井	4 126	J₁y	碳质泥岩
KPL2	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	深灰色泥岩	YX1-3	依西1井	1 927	J₁y	灰色泥岩
KPL3	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	钙质泥页岩	KZ1-2	克孜1井	3 507	J₁y	碳质泥岩
KPL4	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	暗色泥岩	KZ1-3	克孜1井	3 303	J₁y	灰色泥岩
KPL5	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	暗色泥岩	KCH7	库车河	/	J₁y	暗色泥岩
KPL6	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	暗色泥岩	KCH8	库车河	/	J₁y	暗色泥岩
KPL7	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	暗色泥岩	KCH9	库车河	/	J₁y	碳质泥岩
KPL8	卡普沙良河	/	J₂q	碳质泥岩	KCH10	库车河	/	J₁y	暗色泥岩
YN2-1	依南2井	3 880	J₂kz	灰色泥岩	YN2-5	依南2井	5 048	T₃t	灰色泥岩
YN2-2	依南2井	4 314	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	KCH11	库车河	/	T₃t	灰色泥岩
YS4-1	依深4井	945.5	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	KCH12	库车河	/	T₃t	灰色泥岩
YX1-1	依西1井	2 906	J₂kz	暗色泥岩	KCH13	库车河	/	T₃t	灰色泥岩
YX1-2	依西1井	2 975	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	KCH14	库车河	/	T₃t	粉砂质泥岩
KCH2	库车河	/	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	YN2-6	依南2井	5 310	T₃h	灰色泥岩
KCH3	库车河	/	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	KCH15	库车河	/	T₃h	含粉砂泥岩
KCH4	库车河	/	J₂kz	灰色泥岩	KPL9	卡普沙良河	/	T₃h	深灰色泥岩
KCH5	库车河	/	J₂kz	暗色泥岩	KPL10	卡普沙良河	/	T₃h	深灰色泥岩
KCH6	库车河	/	J₂kz	碳质泥岩	KPL11	卡普沙良河	/	T₃h	深灰色泥岩

图2 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩样品中显微组分镜下照片 (a)均质镜质体,KCH10,J1y,油浸,反射单偏光;(b)基质镜质体和半丝质体,KCH10,J1y,油浸,反射单偏光;(c)结构镜质体,KCH11,T3t,油浸,反射单偏光;(d)基质镜质体,KPL11,T3h,油浸,反射单偏光;(e)半丝质体碎片,KCH6,J2kz,油浸,反射单偏光;(f)丝质体,“星状”结构,KCH12,T3t,油浸,反射单偏光;(g)薄壁角质体,KCH6,J2kz,油浸,反射荧光;(h)小孢子体和树脂体,YN4-1,J1y,油浸,反射荧光;(i)小孢子体,KCH15,T3h,油浸,反射荧光

Fig.2 Microscopic photos of Mesozoic source rock samples in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

表2 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩样品显微组分含量与组成

Table 2 Maceral contents and composition in the Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

烃源岩层位	样品数 /个	TMC /%	(E+S) 含量/%	显微组分相对组成/%				S₃含量 /%
烃源岩层位	样品数 /个	TMC /%	(E+S) 含量/%	V	I	E	S	S₃含量 /%
J₂q	10	3.92	1.97	37.23	12.57	42.81	7.39	10.09
J₂kz	10	16.85	2.24	64.56	22.17	10.32	2.96	12.29
J₁y	10	7.47	2.01	62.69	10.37	19.22	7.72	16.96
T₃t	5	5.74	0.9	66.73	17.59	8.89	6.78	15.9
T₃h	5	6.78	1.98	50.81	19.97	18.55	10.68	14.11

图3 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩显微组分含量分布 TMC. 显微组分总含量/%;V. 镜质组含量/%;I. 惰性组含量/%;E. 壳质组含量/%;S. 腐泥组含量/%;S3. 矿物沥青基质含量/%

Fig.3 Distribution of maceral contents of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

图4 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩显微组分组成三角图

Fig.4 Triangular diagram of maceral composition of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

图5 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩显微组分相对组成分布 V.镜质组相对含量/%;I.惰性组相对含量/%;E.壳质组相对含量/%;S.腐泥组相对含量/%

Fig.5 Distribution of maceral relative composition of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

图6 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩富氢组分组成三角图

Fig.6 Triangular diagram of hydrogen-rich maceral composition of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

表3 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩岩石热解参数及有机质类型划分

Table 3 Pyrolysis parameters and the classification of organic matter types of Mesozoic source rock samples in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

烃源岩层位	岩石热解参数				有机质类型
烃源岩层位	T_max/℃	(S₁+S₂)/(mg/g)	HI/(mg/g)	D/%	有机质类型
J₂q	$443 ~ 464 452.6 (10)$	$0.08 ~ 3.5 1.75 (10)$	$24.3 ~ 144.9 79.3 (10)$	$6.21 ~ 18.95 10.3 (10)$	Ⅱ₁—Ⅱ₂
J₂kz	$425 ~ 463 447.3 (10)$	$0.13 ~ 43.42 15.9 (10)$	$20.8 ~ 642 211.7 (10)$	$1.04 ~ 23.44 8.34 (10)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
J₁y	$443 ~ 489 460.4 (10)$	$0.23 ~ 22.44 4.16 (10)$	$18.7 ~ 258.4 61.5 (10)$	$2.27 ~ 22.38 6.2 (10)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
T₃t	$456 ~ 470 461.6 (5)$	$0.2 ~ 2.98 1.376 (5)$	$20.6 ~ 87.2 54.08 (5)$	$4.2 ~ 8.36 5.82 (5)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
T₃h	$429 ~ 481 457.2 (5)$	$0.28 ~ 9.66 2.67 (5)$	$30.5 ~ 200.7 74.8 (5)$	$2.94 ~ 17.94 12.2 (5)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ

表3 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩岩石热解参数及有机质类型划分

Table 3 Pyrolysis parameters and the classification of organic matter types of Mesozoic source rock samples in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

烃源岩层位	岩石热解参数				有机质类型
烃源岩层位	T_max/℃	(S₁+S₂)/(mg/g)	HI/(mg/g)	D/%	有机质类型
J₂q	$443 ~ 464 452.6 (10)$	$0.08 ~ 3.5 1.75 (10)$	$24.3 ~ 144.9 79.3 (10)$	$6.21 ~ 18.95 10.3 (10)$	Ⅱ₁—Ⅱ₂
J₂kz	$425 ~ 463 447.3 (10)$	$0.13 ~ 43.42 15.9 (10)$	$20.8 ~ 642 211.7 (10)$	$1.04 ~ 23.44 8.34 (10)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
J₁y	$443 ~ 489 460.4 (10)$	$0.23 ~ 22.44 4.16 (10)$	$18.7 ~ 258.4 61.5 (10)$	$2.27 ~ 22.38 6.2 (10)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
T₃t	$456 ~ 470 461.6 (5)$	$0.2 ~ 2.98 1.376 (5)$	$20.6 ~ 87.2 54.08 (5)$	$4.2 ~ 8.36 5.82 (5)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ
T₃h	$429 ~ 481 457.2 (5)$	$0.28 ~ 9.66 2.67 (5)$	$30.5 ~ 200.7 74.8 (5)$	$2.94 ~ 17.94 12.2 (5)$	Ⅱ₂—Ⅲ

图7 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩HI—Tmax和D—Tmax关系图

Fig.7 HI—Tmax and D—Tmax of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

图8 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩Tmax—Ro关系图(底图据文献[28])

Fig.8 Tmax—Ro of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression(modified from[28])

图9 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩Ro等值线图

Fig.9 Ro contour maps of Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

图10 库车坳陷北部山前带中生界烃源岩TMC—TOC、壳质组含量—HI和陆源有机质含量—HI关系图

Fig.10 Relations between TMC—TOC, exinite—HI and Terrig.OM—HI of the Mesozoic source rocks in the northern piedmont zone of the Kuqa depression

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