河北承德寒武系凤山组叠层石生物丘中的沉积组构

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.02.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河北承德路通沟剖面芙蓉统凤山组中部发育厚层块状叠层石生物丘,构成一个淹没不整合型层序的强迫型海退体系域,指示这些叠层石形成于中高能浅海环境。该生物丘宏观上主要由柱状叠层石组成,叠层石内部纹层较粗糙,在构成叠层石的致密泥晶和微亮晶组构中,还见到球粒、底栖鲕粒及凝聚颗粒等多种生物成因颗粒类型,代表着复杂的微生物活动特征,以此而区别于前寒武纪的叠层石。更为重要的是,叠层石生物丘中的致密泥晶基质中发育一些“石松藻(Lithocodium)”状的钙化蓝细菌菌落残余物,以及一些丝状钙化蓝细菌化石,指示了形成叠层石的微生物席为蓝细菌所主导的微生物席。因此,凤山组叠层石生物丘内复杂而特殊的碳酸盐岩沉积组构为研究叠层石形成过程中复杂的微生物代谢活动所产生的钙化作用机制提供了一个宝贵的地质实例。

关键词: 叠层石, 生物丘, 微生物席, 凤山组, 路通沟剖面

Abstract:

The stromatolitic bioherm in the middle part of the Furongian Fengshan Formation at the Lutonggou section of Hebei Province was masked by a bed of stromatolite bioherm, and formed forced-regressive system tract within three-order sequences of drowning unconformity type, which suggested the stromatolite developed in a medium-high energy coastal sea. Macroscopically, this bioherm consisted dominantly of columnar stromatolite with the ambiguous lamination. Microscopically, the bioherm was characterized by dense micrite and microspar, and it was well seen in bioherm that involved peloids, benthic oolites and aggregate grains, all of which represented complicated microbial activities, thus it differed from the Precambrian stomatolites. Furthermore, more lithocodium-like colonies of calcified cyanobacteria remnants and some filamentous calcified cyanobacteria fossils developed in the dense micrite matrix of the stromatolitic bioherm, and it demonstrated the microbial mats forming stromatolite were composed of mats leading by cyanobacteria. In general, the complicated and special carbonate sedimentary fabrics within stromatolitic bioherm of the Fengshan Formation provided a precious geological case for the understanding of complicated microbial metabolism in the growth of stromatolites.

Key words: stromatolite, bioherm, microbial mat, Fengshan Formation, Lutonggou section

中图分类号:

P512.2

张瑞, 赵新伟, 王龙. 河北承德寒武系凤山组叠层石生物丘中的沉积组构[J]. 现代地质, 2018, 32(02): 251-259.

ZHANG Rui, ZHAO Xinwei, WANG Long. Sedimentary Fabrics for the Stromatolitic Bioherm of the Cambrian Fengshan Formation in Chengde, Hebei[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(02): 251-259.

图/表 7

图1 河北承德路通沟实测剖面位置

Fig.1 Location of Lutonggou section at Chengde, Hebei

图2 河北承德路通沟剖面层序地层序列(FRST,强迫型海退体系域;HST,高水位体系域;CS,凝缩段)

Fig.2 Stratigraphic sequences of Lutonggou section at Chengde, Hebei

图3 路通沟剖面寒武系芙蓉统凤山组中的叠层石特征

Fig.3 Image showing characteristics of the stromatolite of Cambrian Fengshan Formation in Lutonggou section

图4 寒武系凤山组叠层石生物丘的显微组构 (a)叠层石内部不大清晰的纹层结构,由泥晶纹层A与微亮晶纹层B交替组成,纹层面粗糙;(b)微叠层石;(c)致密泥晶中由葛万菌钙化丝状体构成的颗粒;(d)图(c)中钙化葛万菌化石的放大图

Fig.4 Microscopic fabrics of the stromatolitic bioherm of the Cambrian Fengshan Formation

图5 寒武系凤山组叠层石生物丘中的底栖鲕粒 (a)—(c)有核同心-放射鲕粒;(d)不规则形态鲕粒;(e)扫描电镜下的鲕粒核心特征;(f)鲕粒核心的能谱图特征

Fig.5 Images showing benthic oolites within stromatolite bioherm of the Cambrian Fengshan Formation

图6 寒武系凤山组叠层石生物丘中的微凝块及球粒组构显微照片 (a)由次圆状及圆状球粒组成的球粒亮晶灰岩,其中包含次圆形及细长形球粒泥晶聚集物(白色箭头),并发育少量鲕粒及内部中空的胶囊状泥晶聚集物(黑色箭头);(b)图(a)的局部放大图,其中可见葛万菌丝状体残余物构成的球粒组构(白色箭头),其内部可见少量黄铁矿颗粒,同时可见鲕粒(黑色箭头)

Fig.6 Microscopic images showing the microclots and peloid structure within the stromatolite bioherm of the Furongian Fengshan Formation

图7 凤山组叠层石生物丘中“石松藻状”的钙化蓝细菌菌落残余物 (a)钙化蓝细菌菌落残余物,白色箭头指示生长洞穴;(b)图(a)中钙化蓝细菌菌落残余物的放大图;(c)—(d)形态多样的钙化蓝细菌菌落残余物

Fig.7 Lithocodium-like colonies of calcified cyanobacteria remnants within the stromatolitic bioherm of the Fengshan Formation

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