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现代地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (01): 233-244.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.031

• 旅游地学 • 上一篇    

青海化隆县独特的峡谷丹山地貌景观及其科学价值

刘心兰(), 张绪教(), 李俊磊, 王一凡, 张向格, 袁晓宁, 王凯雅, 王重歌, 刘江, 侯恩刚   

  1. 中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20 修回日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2023-02-10 发布日期:2023-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 张绪教,男,教授,博士生导师,1964年出生,第四纪地质学专业,主要从事地貌与新构造运动、旅游地学研究。Email: zhangxj@cugb.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:刘心兰,女,硕士研究生,2001年出生,地质学专业,从事地貌学与旅游地学研究。Email:277076323@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质大学(北京)科技帮扶项目“青海化隆县地质遗迹资源调查与地学旅游开发”(KJFP202101);中国地质调查局“全国地质遗迹立典调查与评价”(DD20190074)

Characteristics and Scientific Values of “Canyon and Danxia” Landform in Hualong County, Qinghai Province

LIU Xinlan(), ZHANG Xujiao(), LI Junlei, WANG Yifan, ZHANG Xiangge, YUAN Xiaoning, WANG Kaiya, WANG Chongge, LIU Jiang, HOU Engang   

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2022-10-20 Revised:2023-01-30 Online:2023-02-10 Published:2023-03-20

摘要:

“峡谷丹山”是内外地质营力共同作用而形成的多成因地貌组合,不仅具有非常高的景观价值,而且具有重要的科学价值。青海省化隆县拉木峡为黄河一级支流,发育典型的角度不整合和丹霞地貌,因而成为青藏高原隆升和黄河形成演化研究的良好区域。以该地貌组合类型的形态特征、成因机制及形成年代研究为目标,采用野外地质调查等方法,对组成峡谷的岩石及地层、构造背景开展研究,系统总结与分析拉木峡地貌景观的形成动力和演化过程,进而探讨其对青藏高原隆升及黄河演化的指示意义。拉木峡由约900 Ma前的新元古代化隆岩群片麻岩及角度不整合于其上的约54 Ma前的新生代古近纪西宁群红色砂砾岩层组成。约8 Ma前青藏高原快速隆升,丹霞地貌雏形开始形成。自1.1 Ma黄河贯通化隆盆地后,受拉木峡流水强烈侵蚀下切和重力崩塌的持续作用,发育“峡谷丹山”地貌组合景观。峡谷险峻幽深、丹霞栩栩如生,成为极具典型性、独特性和稀有性的国家级地质遗迹,对青藏高原隆升、黄河形成演化和新生代气候环境的研究具有重要价值。

关键词: 地质遗迹, 丹霞地貌, 峡谷, 化隆岩群, 黄河流域, 化隆县, 青藏高原东北缘

Abstract:

“Canyon and Danxia” is a composite landscape formed by both internal and external geological processes, and has great landscape and scientific value. The Lamu river in Hualong county (Qinghai Province) is a primary tributary of the Yellow River, where typical angular unconformity and Danxia landform are developed. This makes Hualong a suitable area for studying the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Yellow River evolution. Aiming at elucidating its morphology, genesis, and chronology, this field study focuses on the rock formation, strata and tectonic setting of “Canyon and Danxia” landform. We systematically concluded the driving force and formation processes of the landscape in the Lamu canyon, and discussed its implications to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Yellow River evolution. The Lamu canyon is composed of the Neoproterozoic Hualong Complex gneiss (~900 Ma) and Paleogene Xining Group red glutenite (~54 Ma) with an angular unconformity. The Danxia landform in the canyon was developed when the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau started uplifting at 8 Ma. After the Hualong Basin was cut by the Yellow River at 1.1 Ma, the canyon developed “Canyon and Danxia” landform via continuous river incision and gravitational collapse. The canyon is precipitous and the Danxia landform is lifelike, which are typical, unique and rare national-class geoheritage. It has important research value on the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the evolution of the Yellow River, and the Cenozoic climate and environment.

Key words: Geoheritage, Danxia landform, Canyon, Hualong Complex, Yellow River Valley, Hualong county, northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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