Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in the Northwestern Margin of the Junggar Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.039

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigates Carboniferous volcanic rocks (basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite) from the Hara Arat Mountain (Hashan) area on the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin to elucidate their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Results indicate that these three rock types exhibit moderate MgO content (3.21%-6.82%), moderate to high Al₂O₃ content (11.30%-17.78%), and elevated total alkali content (K₂O+Na₂O=4.24%-7.24%). Basalt samples show relatively low K₂O content, reflecting Na-enrichment relative to K, and are classified as low-K tholeiitic basalts. In contrast, basaltic andesites and andesites display high calc-alkaline element contents, consistent with island arc volcanic rock characteristics. Isotopic analyses reveal medium-low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.702877-0.706620) and high ε_Nd(t) values (+4.59 to+9.85), indicating magma interaction between crustal and mantle components in a deep magma chamber. Compared to basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites show enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Ba), relative enrichment in high field strength elements (e.g., U, Pb), and depletion in Nb, typical of subduction-related island arc magmatism. Trace element and rare earth element patterns suggest that basalts originated from depleted mantle melts under a convergent tectonic regime, while intermediate volcanic rocks record the subduction of oceanic plates beneath continental plates. This process involved the replacement of the depleted mantle wedge by sediments or melts derived from the dehydrating subducting slab, followed by partial melting to form basaltic andesites and andesites. Combined with regional geological data, the subduction of the oceanic plate persisted until the late Carboniferous.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Hashan, Carboniferous, volcanic rock, petrogenesis

CLC Number:

P581

NIU Huapeng, LIU Shan, JIAO Xiaoqin, ZHANG Guanlong, WANG Qianjun, ZHOU Jian, ZHAO Xian, YU Hongzhou, XIONG Zhengrong, HE Xiao. Geochemical Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in the Northwestern Margin of the Junggar Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(03): 588-597.

Figures/Tables 10

References 39

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样品号	HS-2	HS-7	HS-1	HS-3	HS-4	HS-5	HS-6
岩性	安山岩		玄武安山岩		玄武岩
SiO₂	60.59	60.35	56.54	54.80	47.24	47.60	45.61
Al₂O₃	11.30	14.55	17.49	17.35	17.55	17.78	16.74
Fe₂O₃	4.73	7.99	9.25	7.33	13.00	12.53	12.42
CaO	12.31	5.76	6.05	6.35	9.17	6.30	11.97
MgO	3.23	3.21	4.57	5.57	6.07	6.82	5.81
K₂O	2.72	1.28	1.07	1.02	0.26	0.19	0.27
Na₂O	4.32	5.26	3.58	6.22	3.98	6.38	5.24
TiO₂	0.57	1.23	1.02	0.96	2.24	1.93	1.54
P₂O₅	0.14	0.23	0.35	0.28	0.31	0.25	0.20
MnO	0.09	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.17	0.21	0.19
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Cu	35.40	30.40	51.00	73.20	401.00	50.10	24.80
Pb	9.94	5.89	7.41	4.60	1.55	1.76	1.08
Cr	39.30	43.20	82.10	127.00	37.20	12.60	17.50
Ni	39.80	27.50	49.50	63.70	74.00	70.00	66.80
Co	12.80	19.70	26.50	21.90	41.6	43.30	36.80
Rb	61.00	35.50	29.90	14.00	1.69	2.68	11.50
Sr	596.00	377.00	210.00	460.00	433.00	364.00	380.00
Ba	485.00	494.00	164.00	1040.00	75.20	168.00	182.00
V	99.10	108.00	137.00	131.00	250.00	195.00	187.00
Nb	6.28	5.11	6.07	5.26	4.81	3.52	2.74
Ta	0.78	0.60	0.77	0.75	0.93	0.72	0.65
Zr	113.00	200.00	123.00	83.20	165.00	140.00	105.00
Hf	2.75	4.80	2.68	1.73	3.24	2.79	2.14
Ga	12.50	17.40	18.30	19.00	17.70	16.60	14.20
U	1.89	0.47	0.71	0.53	0.12	0.10	0.13
Th	3.97	3.96	2.69	1.62	0.35	0.32	0.22

样品号	HS-2	HS-7	HS-1	HS-3	HS-4	HS-5	HS-6
岩性	安山岩		玄武安山岩		玄武岩
SiO₂	60.59	60.35	56.54	54.80	47.24	47.60	45.61
Al₂O₃	11.30	14.55	17.49	17.35	17.55	17.78	16.74
Fe₂O₃	4.73	7.99	9.25	7.33	13.00	12.53	12.42
CaO	12.31	5.76	6.05	6.35	9.17	6.30	11.97
MgO	3.23	3.21	4.57	5.57	6.07	6.82	5.81
K₂O	2.72	1.28	1.07	1.02	0.26	0.19	0.27
Na₂O	4.32	5.26	3.58	6.22	3.98	6.38	5.24
TiO₂	0.57	1.23	1.02	0.96	2.24	1.93	1.54
P₂O₅	0.14	0.23	0.35	0.28	0.31	0.25	0.20
MnO	0.09	0.15	0.11	0.16	0.17	0.21	0.19
Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Cu	35.40	30.40	51.00	73.20	401.00	50.10	24.80
Pb	9.94	5.89	7.41	4.60	1.55	1.76	1.08
Cr	39.30	43.20	82.10	127.00	37.20	12.60	17.50
Ni	39.80	27.50	49.50	63.70	74.00	70.00	66.80
Co	12.80	19.70	26.50	21.90	41.6	43.30	36.80
Rb	61.00	35.50	29.90	14.00	1.69	2.68	11.50
Sr	596.00	377.00	210.00	460.00	433.00	364.00	380.00
Ba	485.00	494.00	164.00	1040.00	75.20	168.00	182.00
V	99.10	108.00	137.00	131.00	250.00	195.00	187.00
Nb	6.28	5.11	6.07	5.26	4.81	3.52	2.74
Ta	0.78	0.60	0.77	0.75	0.93	0.72	0.65
Zr	113.00	200.00	123.00	83.20	165.00	140.00	105.00
Hf	2.75	4.80	2.68	1.73	3.24	2.79	2.14
Ga	12.50	17.40	18.30	19.00	17.70	16.60	14.20
U	1.89	0.47	0.71	0.53	0.12	0.10	0.13
Th	3.97	3.96	2.69	1.62	0.35	0.32	0.22

样品号	HS-2	HS-7	HS-1	HS-3	HS-4	HS-5	HS-6
岩性	安山岩		玄武安山岩		玄武岩
La	17.60	24.90	16.60	12.80	8.84	7.38	5.67
Ce	39.00	62.4	35.90	29.60	26.90	22.80	16.80
Pr	4.68	8.45	5.12	3.60	4.02	3.48	2.85
Nd	19.10	37.40	21.90	15.20	19.70	17.40	14.90
Sm	4.01	8.05	4.52	3.09	5.31	4.60	4.21
Eu	0.90	2.04	1.25	1.31	1.67	1.51	1.40
Gd	3.72	7.59	3.83	2.99	4.86	4.44	3.99
Tb	0.57	1.31	0.58	0.41	0.92	0.82	0.75
Dy	3.49	8.02	3.40	2.41	5.79	5.18	4.93
Ho	0.68	1.60	0.63	0.46	1.12	1.03	1.01
Er	1.94	4.60	1.68	1.24	3.08	2.84	2.75
Tm	0.29	0.71	0.24	0.16	0.44	0.40	0.38
Yb	1.93	4.73	1.52	1.07	2.86	2.62	2.57
Lu	0.27	0.71	0.20	0.14	0.39	0.36	0.36
Y	18.20	40.90	16.10	11.50	28.40	25.80	24.80
LREE	85.29	143.24	85.29	65.60	66.44	57.17	45.83
HREE	31.09	70.17	28.18	20.38	47.86	43.49	41.54
LREE/ HREE	2.74	2.04	3.03	3.22	1.39	1.31	1.10

样品号	HS-2	HS-7	HS-1	HS-3	HS-4	HS-5	HS-6
岩性	安山岩		玄武安山岩		玄武岩
La	17.60	24.90	16.60	12.80	8.84	7.38	5.67
Ce	39.00	62.4	35.90	29.60	26.90	22.80	16.80
Pr	4.68	8.45	5.12	3.60	4.02	3.48	2.85
Nd	19.10	37.40	21.90	15.20	19.70	17.40	14.90
Sm	4.01	8.05	4.52	3.09	5.31	4.60	4.21
Eu	0.90	2.04	1.25	1.31	1.67	1.51	1.40
Gd	3.72	7.59	3.83	2.99	4.86	4.44	3.99
Tb	0.57	1.31	0.58	0.41	0.92	0.82	0.75
Dy	3.49	8.02	3.40	2.41	5.79	5.18	4.93
Ho	0.68	1.60	0.63	0.46	1.12	1.03	1.01
Er	1.94	4.60	1.68	1.24	3.08	2.84	2.75
Tm	0.29	0.71	0.24	0.16	0.44	0.40	0.38
Yb	1.93	4.73	1.52	1.07	2.86	2.62	2.57
Lu	0.27	0.71	0.20	0.14	0.39	0.36	0.36
Y	18.20	40.90	16.10	11.50	28.40	25.80	24.80
LREE	85.29	143.24	85.29	65.60	66.44	57.17	45.83
HREE	31.09	70.17	28.18	20.38	47.86	43.49	41.54
LREE/ HREE	2.74	2.04	3.03	3.22	1.39	1.31	1.10

岩性	样品号	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	SE	Rb (10^-6)	Sr (10^-6)	¹⁴³Nd/ ¹⁴⁴Nd	SE	Sm (ppm)	Nd (ppm)	⁸⁷Rb/ ⁸⁶Sr	¹⁴⁷Sm/ ¹⁴⁴Nd	ε_Nd(t)
安山岩	HS2	0.70662	0.000007	61	596	0.512721	0.000005	4.01	19.1	0.296089423	0.126928268	4.59
安山岩	HS7	0.704834	0.000005	35.5	377	0.512937	0.000002	8.05	37.4	0.272364453	0.130134887	8.67
玄武安山岩	HS1	0.705716	0.000008	29.9	210	0.512866	0.000003	4.52	21.9	0.411863019	0.124783313	7.51
玄武安山岩	HS3	0.704365	0.000004	14	460	0.51286	0.000004	3.09	15.2	0.088026553	0.122906958	7.48
玄武岩	HS4	0.702877	0.000004	1.69	433	0.513067	0.000005	5.31	19.7	0.011287014	0.162971275	9.81
	HS5	0.703324	0.000007	2.68	364	0.513062	0.000004	4.6	17.4	0.021292794	0.159841976	9.85
	HS6	0.703889	0.000009	11.5	380	0.513084	0.000004	4.21	14.9	0.087526085	0.170836371	9.81