Deep Reservoir Characteristics and Control of Physical Properties of Qigu Formation in the Western Section of the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.069

Abstract

Abstract:

The deep clastic reservoir of Qigu Formation in the western section of the southern margin of Junggar Basin has a great potential for oil and gas exploration. However, there is still a lack of systematic studies on its reservoir characteristics and control of physical properties, which seriously restricts the subsequent oil and gas exploration. With the combination of the relevant studies of regional burial history and paleogeothermal temperature, this paper comprehensively utilized the data of casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, physical properties, mercury intrusion and inclusions, and systematically studied the petrological characteristics, physical properties, diagenesis characteristics, and physical property control of the Qigu Formation reservoir. The results show that the Qigu Formation reservoir exhibits the petrological characteristics of low compositional maturity, high plastic debris content, and medium structural maturity. Although the buried depth of the reservoir center is more than 3,500 m, the reservoir space is still dominated by the intergranular pores, with an average porosity of 10.29% and an average permeability of 34.12×10^-3 μm². In general, it belongs to the category of low porosity and low permeability reservoirs with limited development of some medium-high porosity and permeability reservoirs. The diagenesis of the reservoir mainly includes compaction, cementation, and dissolution, and the diagenesis intensity is relatively weak. The main body is at the early diagenesis (stage B) to middle diagenesis (stage A), and it is characterized by medium compaction intensity, low cement content, and acid dissolution at the late stage. In particular, the characteristics of enriched quartz and feldspar, poor cuttings, and good sorting are conducive to the preservation of reservoir physical properties.

Key words: southern margin of Junggar Basin, Jurassic, Qigu Formation, reservoir characteristics, physical property control

CLC Number:

DENG Yi, GAO Chonglong, WANG Jian, LIU Ming, MENG Yuanlin, REN Ying, LIU Ke, WANG Ke. Deep Reservoir Characteristics and Control of Physical Properties of Qigu Formation in the Western Section of the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(02): 335-349.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Structural location (a), strata (b) and sedimentary facies of Jurassic Qigu Formation (c) in the western part of southern Junggar Basin ((c) modified after reference [9])

Fig.2 Triangular diagram of rock types (a), debris component content (b), matrix and cement component content distribution (c) of the Qigu Formation sandstone reservoir in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Fig.3 Characteristics of lithic matrix in sandstone reservoirs of Qigu Formation in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Fig.4 Distribution diagram of the reservoir physical properties (a)(b), the correlation between porosity and permeability (c), pore diameter (d), roar diameter (e), and mercury injection curve (f) of Qigu Formation in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Fig.5 Space types of the reservoir in Qigu Formation in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Table 1 Classification of reservoir evaluation of Qigu Formation in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

类型	孔隙度(%)	渗透率(10^-3 μm²)	沉积微相	评价
Ⅰ	4.80~16.60 (11.01)	0.14~461.00 (14.66)	分流河道	优质储层
Ⅱ	4.60~13.60 (10.95)	0.52~28.40 (13.40)	河口坝	较好储层
Ⅲ	4.50~21.71 (9.01)	0.01~42.68 (2.63)	席状砂	一般储层

Fig.6 Difference histogram of the physical properties of different sedimentary microfacies in Qigu Formation

Table 2 Types and characteristics of the reservoir diagenesis evolution

成岩作用类型		强度	特点	物性控制
压实作用		中等	塑性岩屑压实变形和假杂基化,线接触为主	破坏储层物性
胶结作用	碳酸盐胶结	较弱	方解石为主,呈孔隙式和基底式出现	破坏储层物性
	硅质胶结	弱	六方柱状自生石英微晶,I级石英次生加大	破坏储层物性
	黏土矿物胶结	较弱	包壳状绿泥石;团块、散片或蠕虫状高岭石;丝缕状或弯曲片状伊利石;蜂窝状、似蜂窝状或不规则状伊/蒙混层	绿泥石包壳改善储层物性,其它黏土矿物破坏储层物性
	其他胶结	弱	黄铁矿、石盐晶体和方沸石胶结	破坏储层物性
溶蚀作用		较强	发育于易溶蚀颗粒边缘及内部,较为发育	改善储层物性

Fig.7 Diagenetic characteristics of the Qigu Formation reservoir in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Fig.8 Distribution diagram of the homogeneous temperatures of the calcite cement fluid inclusions (a) and siliceous cement fluid inclusions (b) in Qigu Formation, the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Table 3 Homogeneous temperatures of the fluid inclusions of carbonate and siliceous cements in the Qigu Formation reservoir, the western section of southern Junggar Basin

井号	深度(m)	宿主矿物	均一温度(℃)	测点数
卡001	4086.65	石英加大边	95.40~108.10	6
独山1	6414.46	石英加大边	95.50~106.40	9
高泉5	6063.53	石英加大边	88.00~112.00	10
高泉5	6061.02	石英加大边	85.00	1
高泉5	6061.02	方解石	89.00~103.00	13

Table 4 Types and contents of the authigenic clay minerals in the reservoir of Qigu Formation in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

井号	样品深度 (m)	伊/蒙混层 (%)	伊利石 (%)	高岭石 (%)	绿泥石 (%)	伊/蒙混层中的蒙皂石含量 (%)	样品数
卡001	4030.92~4127.24	3.00~81.00 (29.80)	2.00~42.00 (13.10)	0.00~22.00 (0.97)	4.00~96.00 (56.10)	20.00~70.00 (32.80)	37
卡002	4030.92~4131.19	2.00~81.00 (30.70)	2.00~42.00 (13.20)	0.00~22.00 (1.80)	4.00~96.00 (54.80)	20.00~70.00 (33.00)	38
卡003	4056.58~4145.56	4.00~38.00 (20.60)	3.00~36.00 (18.70)	0.00~56.00 (15.50)	10.00~93.00 (45.00)	15.00~30.00 (22.50)	14
卡6	3957.79~3961.44	8.00~23.00 (11.00)	3.00~11.00 (5.50)	—	66.00~89.00 (83.50)	20.00~30.00 (23.30)	6
卡8	3929.37~4075.72	5.00~46.00 (19.60)	8.00~22.00 (15.50)	0.00~52.00 (20.30)	13.00~76.00 (44.50)	30.00~45.00 (34.50)	12
四参1	3643.30~3702.32	15.00~33.00 (21.30)	11.00~35.00 (24.30)	27.00~59.00 (39.60)	14.00~15.00 (14.60)	—	3
西湖1	5997.00~6135.30	14.00~15.00 (14.50)	7.00~53.00 (30.00)	11.00~13.00 (12.00)	19.00~68.00 (43.50)	20.00	2
高101	6017.55~6019.75	20.00~29.00 (24.50)	45.00~49.00 (47.00)	5.00~14.00 (9.50)	45.00~59.00 (52.00)	15.00	2
总平均值		26.40	14.90	6.80	53.20	31.00

Fig.9 Diagrams of the diagenetic sequence (a) and diagenetic-pore evolution model (b) of the Qigu Formation reservoir in the western section of the southern margin of Junggar Basin

Fig.10 Diagram of the relationship between the rock compositions, lithology, sorting coefficient, and physical properties of the Qigu Formation reservoir in the western section of southern Junggar Basin

Fig.11 Contribution of compaction and cementation to the pore loss (a) and vertical variation of the physical properties (b)(c) in Qigu Formation, the western section of southern margin of Junggar Basin

Fig.12 Diagrams of the relationship between carbonate cement, clay mineral content, and physical properties of the Qigu Formation reservoir in the western section of the southern margin of Junggar Basin

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