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Geoscience ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (03): 660-673.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.029

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Soil Characteristics and Spatial and Temporal Changes of Vegetations in the Lower Part of the Arid Valley Area of the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River Based on Geological Formation

ZHOU Xueni1,2,3(), BA Renji1, XIAO Chengzhi4, CAO Yating1, JI Yang1()   

  1. 1. Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Beijing 100055, China
    3. College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
    4. School of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
  • Online:2024-06-10 Published:2024-07-04

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the controls of geological formation on soil properties and constraints on vegetation distribution in the arid valley of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, in order to support the ecological protection and restoration of sub-area management. Taking the lower part of the upper reaches of Minjiang River arid river valley as an example, this study employed the geological formation survey, elemental analysis, remote sensing, and combining with the land-use data, to analyze the influence of geological formation on soils and vegetations, specifically regarding soil characteristics, land-use, and vegetation coverage. The results show that the Quaternary loose accumulation formation area has thick and nutrient-enriched soils, but with strong anthropogenic modifications, and the plant species in the area are dominated by cash crops. The soil layer in the Triassic complex marble formation is relatively thicker and more enriched in nutrients. The structural fractures in the bedrock are more developed with enriched water, which is suitable for the growth of shrubs and a small amount of trees, and this area has a high vegetation coverage. The Devonian mud shale-carbonate formation has a thick soil layer, with high concentration of calcium element and other nutrients. Silurian silty sandy-carbonate formation develops abundant non-penetrating fractures caused by structural activities. The shallow surface layer of the rock shows high degree of fragmentation due to weathering, and soil-wate loss is very easy to be dominated by the growth of low shrubs and grasslands. The soil layer in the intermediate-acidic magma rocks is thin, but with fissure development, and high content of phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil. This soil layer has the lowest water content and is dominated by the growth of scrub plants. The Middle Paleozoic volcanic-lava formation area develops closed fractures with poor water content, which is only suitable for the growth of shrubs and grasses.

Key words: geological formation, soil characteristics, vegetation coverage, spatial and temporal evolution, arid river valley

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