Mineralization Characteristics and Indication Significance of Biotite-Rutile from the Gabbro Intrusions in the Yinmin Iron-Copper District, Yunnan Province

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to discuss the metallogenetic and diagenetic environment of iron oxide-copper-gold type deposit, the mineral-geochemical characteristics of biotites, rutiles, chlorites and ankerites of gabbro intrusions in the depth of Yinmin iron-copper district, Yunnan Province were analysed. Rutiles were derived from magmatic crystallization and multiple-stages alteration. The crystallization temperature of rutiles ranged from 820 to 1,082 ℃, and the multi-phases alteration temperature of rutiles ranged from 444 to 730 ℃. Rutiles had a symbiotic relationship with biotites. The biotites were divided into three types: Ti-rich magnesial biotites crystallised from magma, magnesial biotite and ferruginous biotite due to hydrothermal alteration. The crystallization temperature of the primary Ti-rich magnesial biotites ranged from 653 to 750 ℃, the alteration temperature of hydrothermal magnesial biotites ranged from 525 to 619 ℃, and that of hydrothermal ferruginous biotites ranged from 551 to 577 ℃. The oxygen fugacity of all the biotites was near Ni-NiO, indicating that biotites formed in the high oxygen fugacity environment, which was conducive to the formation of rutiles. In conclusion, both of biotites and rutiles formed in the environment with high temperature and oxygen fugacity. Ankerite-siderite alteration was developed in the later stage, forming in the strongly reduced and alkaline environment, playing a corrosive role to rutiles. The alteration temperature of chlorites, which were altered from ferromagnesian, such as biotites, hornblende and pyroxene, ranged from 174 to 243 ℃. The oxygen fugacity was from -44.68 to -51.42, and the sulphur fugacity was from -14.42 to -19.76, showing that chlorites formed in an environment with low-medium temperature, low oxygen fugacity and high sulphur fugacity, which was benefit to the formation of metal sulfide. In sum, the stages of magmatic crystallization, biotitization and rutiles mineralization were characterized by geochemical lithofacies with high temperature and strong oxidization, which was benefit to the Ti-Fe mineralization. Strong reducing geochemical lithofacies followed, which was favorite for the formation of metal sulfide. Above all, the superposition and evolution of geochemical lithofacies were benefit to the iron oxide-copper-gold type deposit mineralization.

Key words: Yinmin iron-copper district, gabbro intrusion, biotitization, rutile mineralization, Yunnan

CLC Number:

P588

SUN Zijian, FANG Weixuan, LU Jia, WANG Tongrong, GUO Yuqian, SONG Lihong. Mineralization Characteristics and Indication Significance of Biotite-Rutile from the Gabbro Intrusions in the Yinmin Iron-Copper District, Yunnan Province[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(02): 267-277.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Geological map showing the distribution of the gabbros in the Yinmin iron-copper district(after Du et al.[7])

Fig.2 Measured tectonic-lithofacies profile map of the exploration line 150 in the Yinmin iron-copper district and the sample position

Fig.3 Micrograph of typical minerals in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

Table 1 The EPMA data of rutiles and formation temperature in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

样品号	w_B/%										w_B/10^-6			t/℃
样品号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	Cr₂O₃	ZrO₂	Nb₂O₅	V₂O₃	总量		Zr	Nb	V	t/℃
B8S-1	0.77	96.6	0.01	1.24	0.17	0.05	0.08	0.70	99.6	370		589	4 750	660
B8S-2	0.18	97.9	0.01	0.42	0.01	0.02	0.11	1.24	99.9	148		761	8 411	588
B8S-3	0.13	97.5	0.01	0.49	0.04	0.08	0.17	0.66	99.1	566		1 218	4 488	697
B10S-1	0.18	98.5	0.01	0.34	0.02	0.11	0.07	0.71	99.9	803		469	4 798	730
B10s-2	0.04	99.2	0.02	0.76	0.07	0.00	0.05	0.18	100.3	13		327	1 203	444
B1A-1	0.02	98.4	0.01	0.60	0.02	0.01	0.12	0.64	99.8	90		809	4 358	554
B1A-2	0.34	97.9	0.01	0.35	0.05	0.03	0.09	0.76	99.6	229		634	5 196	621
B2-1	0.01	99.4	0	0.30	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.87	100.6	95		117	5 923	557
B3-1	0.06	98.2	0.02	0.18	0.36	0.01	0.03	0.59	99.4	48		199	4 031	514
B3-3	0.00	99.0	0.00	0.18	0.03	0.04	0.01	1.09	100.3	332		82	7 409	651
B3-4	0.00	99.2	0.00	0.14	0.10	0.10	0.01	1.12	100.7	740		85	7 613	722
B3-5	0.07	99.0	0.06	0.16	0.07	0.01	-	-	99.4	52		-	-	519
B3-9	0.24	98.0	0.03	0.12	0.06	0.25	-	-	98.7	1 873		-	-	821
B60-2	0.07	98.1	0.03	0.59	0.07	0.02	-	-	100.3	126		-	-	577
B60-6	0.17	98.9	0.05	0.49	0	0	-	-	100.8	30		-	-	486
B60-8	1.76	87.5	1.11	2.30	0.02	0.04	-	-	97.7	318		-	-	647
B6-1	0.04	98.3	0.00	1.07	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.5	99.9	79		134	3 412	546
B6-2	0.42	96.9	0.01	0.77	0.15	0.06	0.18	0.74	99.3	461		1 260	5 059	679
B6-4	0.01	96.3	0.00	3.40	0.09	0.00	0.03	0.61	100.4	26		189	4 121	479
B6-5	0.18	94.7	0.05	0.59	0.10	1.55	-	-	98.7	11 489		-	-	1 082
B6-7	0.55	97.6	0.12	0.66	0.02	0.01	-	-	100.9	81		-	-	547
B6-8	0.21	95.8	0.06	1.17	0.25	0.01	-	-	99.9	89		-	-	553

Table 2 The EPMA data(%) of biotites and formation temperatures(℃) in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	F^-	Cl^-	总量
B8S-1	37.49	1.39	15.10	17.16	13.13	0.03	0.30	9.50	0.68	0.59	95.79
B61-1	37.28	1.17	15.40	15.26	15.21	0.15	0.08	8.46	0.31	0.40	94.01
B61-2	38.63	1.46	15.56	14.46	15.74	0.07	0.10	8.78	0.35	0.38	95.74
B1B-1	34.66	1.80	13.76	21.05	11.09	0	0.09	8.29	0.05	0.51	91.57
B60-1	35.75	1.76	14.51	24.00	9.10	0.62	0.19	9.12	1.50	0.65	97.57
B60-2	34.91	1.54	15.02	23.70	8.68	0.16	0.33	8.35	1.12	0.69	94.84
B60-3	36.00	1.72	14.29	22.49	10.55	0.01	0.18	9.30	1.64	0.63	97.21
B60-4	35.95	2.43	13.59	20.69	10.41	0.04	0.71	9.29	1.94	0.43	95.89
B60-5	35.97	4.12	13.91	20.11	10.38	0.03	0.38	9.24	1.59	0.44	96.34
B6-1	36.42	1.23	14.30	20.42	11.88	0.02	0.10	9.03	0.85	0.73	95.14
B6-2	36.01	1.70	14.50	23.73	9.63	0.01	0.05	9.23	0.43	0.96	96.42
样品	Si⁴⁺	Al^Ⅳ	Al^Ⅵ	Ti⁴⁺	Fe³⁺	Fe²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	总量	Mg^#	t/℃
B8S-1	5.68	2.32	0.38	0.16	0.27	1.91	2.97	1.84	15.61	0.58	576
B61-1	5.63	2.37	0.37	0.13	0.29	1.64	3.42	1.63	15.54	0.64	569
B61-2	5.67	2.33	0.37	0.16	0.29	1.49	3.45	1.65	15.45	0.66	619
B1B-1	5.55	2.45	0.15	0.22	0.30	2.52	2.65	1.69	15.57	0.48	608
B60-1	5.57	2.43	0.23	0.21	0.27	2.85	2.11	1.81	15.65	0.40	577
B60-2	5.54	2.46	0.34	0.18	0.33	2.81	2.05	1.69	15.54	0.39	551
B60-3	5.59	2.41	0.21	0.20	0.25	2.67	2.44	1.84	15.67	0.46	583
B60-4	5.64	2.36	0.15	0.29	0.24	2.47	2.43	1.86	15.68	0.47	653
B60-5	5.54	2.46	0.07	0.48	0.35	2.24	2.39	1.82	15.47	0.48	732
B6-1	5.65	2.35	0.26	0.14	0.27	2.38	2.75	1.79	15.64	0.51	525
B6-2	5.59	2.41	0.25	0.20	0.30	2.79	2.23	1.83	15.61	0.42	574

Fig.4 Classification of the biotite and 10×TiO2-(FeO+MnO)-MgO diagram in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

Table 3 The EPMA data (%) of chlorites and formation temperatures(℃) in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	总量
B61	28.27	0.01	20.90	1.48	14.37	0.34	21.80	0.13	87.29
B1A	28.00	0.14	14.27	1.54	17.01	0.05	18.62	0.08	79.70
B3	26.00	0.07	19.00	1.80	23.69	0.03	14.01	0.04	85.36
B60	24.70	0.07	19.34	1.64	30.75	0.01	9.80	0.00	86.32
样品	Si⁴⁺	Fe³⁺	Fe²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al^IV	Al^VI	t	lg $f O 2$	lg $f S 2$
B61	2.82	0.11	1.20	3.25	1.18	1.28	200	-48.46	-17.95
B1A	3.12	0.13	1.58	3.09	0.88	0.99	174	-51.42	-19.76
B3	2.84	0.15	2.16	2.28	1.16	1.29	217	-44.68	-16.40
B60	2.74	0.14	2.85	1.62	1.26	1.27	243	-40.80	-14.42

Table 3 The EPMA data (%) of chlorites and formation temperatures(℃) in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	总量
B61	28.27	0.01	20.90	1.48	14.37	0.34	21.80	0.13	87.29
B1A	28.00	0.14	14.27	1.54	17.01	0.05	18.62	0.08	79.70
B3	26.00	0.07	19.00	1.80	23.69	0.03	14.01	0.04	85.36
B60	24.70	0.07	19.34	1.64	30.75	0.01	9.80	0.00	86.32
样品	Si⁴⁺	Fe³⁺	Fe²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al^IV	Al^VI	t	lg $f O 2$	lg $f S 2$
B61	2.82	0.11	1.20	3.25	1.18	1.28	200	-48.46	-17.95
B1A	3.12	0.13	1.58	3.09	0.88	0.99	174	-51.42	-19.76
B3	2.84	0.15	2.16	2.28	1.16	1.29	217	-44.68	-16.40
B60	2.74	0.14	2.85	1.62	1.26	1.27	243	-40.80	-14.42

Fig.5 Temperature diagram of Ti-Mg/(Mg+Fe) of biotite in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

Fig.6 Diagrams of Fe3+-Fe2+-Mg2+ and lg f O 2-t of biotite in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district

Table 4 The EPMA data of ankerite in the gabbro in the Yinmin iron-copper district (%)

样品	TiO₂	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	BaO	总量	Fe²⁺	Mn²⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Fe²⁺/Mg²⁺
B2-1	0.03	8.35	0.36	14.24	29.33	0.26	52.76	0.31	0.01	0.95	1.41	0.33
B3-1	0.04	10.88	0.50	12.83	29.02	0.11	53.66	0.40	0.02	0.83	1.35	0.48
B3-2	0.00	7.39	0.38	15.88	29.81	0.11	53.71	0.27	0.01	1.04	1.40	0.26
B3-3	0.00	17.08	0.22	9.76	28.76	0.00	56.10	1.28	0.01	0.65	1.38	1.96

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