Geochemical Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Implications of the Upper Permian and Middle-Lower Triassic Strata in Southern Ordos Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.001

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the paleoclimate evolution of the terrestrial Permian-Triassic system, mudstone samples were collected from the Permian Shiqianfeng Formation (P₃s) and the Triassic Liujiagou (T₁l), Heshanggou (T₁h) and Zhifang (T₂z) formations in the Shichuanhe section of Tongchuan (Shaanxi Province) in the southern Ordos Basin. The samples were analyzed for their mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry. The paleosalinity, paleoredox and paleoclimate evolution were studied by the major-trace elements, total organic carbon (TOC), and carbon and oxygen isotopes. It is shown that the geochemical and carbon-oxygen isotope compositions near the P/T boundary had changed greatly. Fluctuation of climatic and environmental chemical indicators reflects the paleo-climatic/-environmental changes in the Ordos Basin from the Late Permian to the Middle-Late Triassic. It is shown that the Shiqianfeng Formation was deposited in a fluvial-deltaic environment that was relatively reduced, and that the paleoclimate was relatively warm and humid. The purplish-red clastic rock of the Lower Triassic Liujiagou and Heshanggou formations were deposited in shallow water, hot and arid fluvial-deltaic environment under strongly oxidizing conditions.During the deposition of the Middle-Triassic Zhifang Formation, the water level rose and chemical transfer was enhanced, and the depositional environment may have been semi-arid/-humid and reducing. Carbon isotope evidence shows that the P/T boundary in the terrestrial Ordos basin has significant negative δ¹³C_PDB features, which are comparable with the global marine P/T boundary. This indicates that major geological events such as abrupt climate changes and mass extinctions were also recorded in the North China continental P/T boundary, consistent with the marine stratigraphic record.

Key words: Ordos Basin, Permian-Triassic boundary, carbon and oxygen isotope, paleoclimate, paleoenvironment

CLC Number:

P534
P539

TAN Cong, YUAN Xuanjun, YU Bingsong, LIU Ce, LI Wen, Cui Jingwei. Geochemical Characteristics and Paleoclimatic Implications of the Upper Permian and Middle-Lower Triassic Strata in Southern Ordos Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2019, 33(03): 615-628.

Figures/Tables 10

References 69

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主量元素	P₃s	T₁l	T₁h	T₂z
SiO₂	56.18(47.77~62.35)/10	57.44(52.68~77.91)/19	51.92(24.92~63.50)/12	59.47(47.59~68.44)/5
Al₂O₃	16.43(13.00~17.88)/10	16.30(10.47~20.09)/19	15.30(6.52~20.95)/12	13.85(9.61~20.02)/5
Fe₂O₃	5.95(4.78~7.98)/10	6.54(2.91~8.48)/19	6.67(1.75~8.88)/12	4.86(2.18~7.83)/5
MgO	4.65(3.17~6.78)/10	3.12(1.86~3.58)/19	3.18(1.85~3.97)/12	4.14(3.48~4.69)/5
CaO	2.25(0.55~5.95)/10	3.42(0.42~6.18)/19	7.67(1.36~33.67)/12	3.12(0.67~7.56)/5
Na₂O	0.64(0.39~0.93)/10	0.88(0.67~1.41)/19	0.93(0.51~2.15)/12	0.62(0.56~0.64)/5
K₂O	4.03(2.86~4.78)/10	4.16(2.35~5.48)/19	4.10(3.60~5.57)/12	4.42(3.94~4.81)/5
MnO	0.048(0.018~0.131)/10	0.043(0.012~0.067)/19	0.07(0.033~0.10)/12	0.040(0.022~0.075)/5
TiO	0.62(0.55~0.68)/10	0.69(0.20~0.80)/19	0.70(0.29~0.90)/12	0.79(0.66~0.91)/5
P₂O₃	0.14(0.11~0.21)/10	0.16(0.08~0.21)/19	0.16(0.05~0.27)/12	0.15(0.07~0.23)/5
FeO	2.10(1.18~3.14)/10	1.97(1.51~3.2)/19	2.05(1.68~2.75)/12	3.07(2.51~4.23)/5

主量元素	P₃s	T₁l	T₁h	T₂z
SiO₂	56.18(47.77~62.35)/10	57.44(52.68~77.91)/19	51.92(24.92~63.50)/12	59.47(47.59~68.44)/5
Al₂O₃	16.43(13.00~17.88)/10	16.30(10.47~20.09)/19	15.30(6.52~20.95)/12	13.85(9.61~20.02)/5
Fe₂O₃	5.95(4.78~7.98)/10	6.54(2.91~8.48)/19	6.67(1.75~8.88)/12	4.86(2.18~7.83)/5
MgO	4.65(3.17~6.78)/10	3.12(1.86~3.58)/19	3.18(1.85~3.97)/12	4.14(3.48~4.69)/5
CaO	2.25(0.55~5.95)/10	3.42(0.42~6.18)/19	7.67(1.36~33.67)/12	3.12(0.67~7.56)/5
Na₂O	0.64(0.39~0.93)/10	0.88(0.67~1.41)/19	0.93(0.51~2.15)/12	0.62(0.56~0.64)/5
K₂O	4.03(2.86~4.78)/10	4.16(2.35~5.48)/19	4.10(3.60~5.57)/12	4.42(3.94~4.81)/5
MnO	0.048(0.018~0.131)/10	0.043(0.012~0.067)/19	0.07(0.033~0.10)/12	0.040(0.022~0.075)/5
TiO	0.62(0.55~0.68)/10	0.69(0.20~0.80)/19	0.70(0.29~0.90)/12	0.79(0.66~0.91)/5
P₂O₃	0.14(0.11~0.21)/10	0.16(0.08~0.21)/19	0.16(0.05~0.27)/12	0.15(0.07~0.23)/5
FeO	2.10(1.18~3.14)/10	1.97(1.51~3.2)/19	2.05(1.68~2.75)/12	3.07(2.51~4.23)/5

微量元素	P₃s	T₁l	T₁h	T₂z
V	116.9(97.9~150.0)/10	91.5(40.4~140.0)/19	87.78(33.1~136.0)/12	163(139~186)/5
Cr	72.74(58.60~82.50)/10	72.03(25.70~90.90)/19	68.29(30.0~101.0)/12	107.24(90.40~117.00)/5
Co	16.36(13.80~19.70)/10	15.83(5.33~19.30)/19	16.63(8.09~24.20)/12	19.76(16.30~25.10)/5
Ni	29.35(26.70~37.20)/10	29.19(9.56~37.10)/19	30.7(24.7~46.1)/12	35.04(30.50~41.40)/5
Cu	31.25(10.80~59.50)/10	14.9(11.3~18.0)/19	28.7(13.6~38.8)/12	56.06(44.70~72.70)/5
Zn	92.68(77.60~108.00)/10.00	91.93(37.50~127.00)/19	88.12(37.30~118.00)/12	119.6(110.00~135.00)/5
Ga	23.24(18.0~27.10)/10	21.54(11.30~29.10)/19	20.94(9.71~28.20)/12	30.72(25.00~34.70)/5
Rb	157.8(112.0~181.0)/10	167.25(74.10~201.0)/19	162.32(72.10~192.00)/12	211.6(195.00~225.00)/5
Sr	107.28(77.0~140.0)/10	89.04(74.00~105.00)/19	124.56(101.00~161.00)/12	119.24(82.20~134.00)/5
Y	28.49(23.90~31.60)/10	24.51(11.1~36.0)/19	28.46(19.70~35.80)/12	29.26(27.60~31.20)/5
Ba	334(207~584)/10	292.75(261.00~324.00)/19	313.25(286.00~345.00)/12	300(260~318)/5
La	38.61(33.0~42.50)/10	41.77(14.00~52.8)/19	43.48(35.50~66.80)/12	59.26(45.80~70.80)/5
Ce	74.28(60.10~82.20)/10	84.98(75.40~102.0)/19	84.71(55.00~134.00)/12	105.82(85.10~126.00)/5
Nd	31.6(25.4~38.2)/10	34.4(12.7~43.1)/19	37.55(31.90~48.0)/12	45.2(38.0~50.4)/5
Tb	0.93(0.80~1.09)/10	0.88(0.41~1.16)/19	0.90(0.67~1.08)/12	1.24(1.07~1.18)/5
W	1.73(1.44~1.98)/10	2.08(1.98~2.20)/19	1.99(0.67~2.62)/12	2.40(1.97~2.74)/5
Tl	1.34(0.93~1.63)/10	0.99(0.57~1.89)/19	0.97(0.39~1.73)/12	1.92(1.76~2.03)/5
Pb	23.0(10.0~54.4)/10	26.57(11.20~46.40)/19	23.65(7.48~32.10)/12	20.84(13.90~35.40)/5
Bi	0.42(0.24~0.54)/10	0.38(0.13~0.59)/19	0.61(0.57~0.68)/12	0.68(0.37~0.93)/5
Th	13.45(11.70~14.90)/10	13.61(11.0~16.8)/19	13.91(5.96~20.60)/12	20.54(16.4~24.0)/5
U	3.29(2.90~4.2)/10	2.45(1.12~3.90)/19	2.25(0.89~3.52)/12	4.88(2.86~7.48)/5
Nb	14.63(12.60~16.90)/10	15.33(5.31~20.90)/19	16.23(6.60~20.50)/12	23.6(18.8~26.8)/5
Zr	254.5(191.0~282.0)/10	129.04(76.6~323.0)/19	124.32(40.10~189.00)/12	216.6(171.0~259.0)/5
Hf	6.64(5.06~7.37)/10	3.46(2.22~8.15)/19	3.40(1.10~5.12)/12	5.92(4.50~7.21)/5

微量元素	P₃s	T₁l	T₁h	T₂z
V	116.9(97.9~150.0)/10	91.5(40.4~140.0)/19	87.78(33.1~136.0)/12	163(139~186)/5
Cr	72.74(58.60~82.50)/10	72.03(25.70~90.90)/19	68.29(30.0~101.0)/12	107.24(90.40~117.00)/5
Co	16.36(13.80~19.70)/10	15.83(5.33~19.30)/19	16.63(8.09~24.20)/12	19.76(16.30~25.10)/5
Ni	29.35(26.70~37.20)/10	29.19(9.56~37.10)/19	30.7(24.7~46.1)/12	35.04(30.50~41.40)/5
Cu	31.25(10.80~59.50)/10	14.9(11.3~18.0)/19	28.7(13.6~38.8)/12	56.06(44.70~72.70)/5
Zn	92.68(77.60~108.00)/10.00	91.93(37.50~127.00)/19	88.12(37.30~118.00)/12	119.6(110.00~135.00)/5
Ga	23.24(18.0~27.10)/10	21.54(11.30~29.10)/19	20.94(9.71~28.20)/12	30.72(25.00~34.70)/5
Rb	157.8(112.0~181.0)/10	167.25(74.10~201.0)/19	162.32(72.10~192.00)/12	211.6(195.00~225.00)/5
Sr	107.28(77.0~140.0)/10	89.04(74.00~105.00)/19	124.56(101.00~161.00)/12	119.24(82.20~134.00)/5
Y	28.49(23.90~31.60)/10	24.51(11.1~36.0)/19	28.46(19.70~35.80)/12	29.26(27.60~31.20)/5
Ba	334(207~584)/10	292.75(261.00~324.00)/19	313.25(286.00~345.00)/12	300(260~318)/5
La	38.61(33.0~42.50)/10	41.77(14.00~52.8)/19	43.48(35.50~66.80)/12	59.26(45.80~70.80)/5
Ce	74.28(60.10~82.20)/10	84.98(75.40~102.0)/19	84.71(55.00~134.00)/12	105.82(85.10~126.00)/5
Nd	31.6(25.4~38.2)/10	34.4(12.7~43.1)/19	37.55(31.90~48.0)/12	45.2(38.0~50.4)/5
Tb	0.93(0.80~1.09)/10	0.88(0.41~1.16)/19	0.90(0.67~1.08)/12	1.24(1.07~1.18)/5
W	1.73(1.44~1.98)/10	2.08(1.98~2.20)/19	1.99(0.67~2.62)/12	2.40(1.97~2.74)/5
Tl	1.34(0.93~1.63)/10	0.99(0.57~1.89)/19	0.97(0.39~1.73)/12	1.92(1.76~2.03)/5
Pb	23.0(10.0~54.4)/10	26.57(11.20~46.40)/19	23.65(7.48~32.10)/12	20.84(13.90~35.40)/5
Bi	0.42(0.24~0.54)/10	0.38(0.13~0.59)/19	0.61(0.57~0.68)/12	0.68(0.37~0.93)/5
Th	13.45(11.70~14.90)/10	13.61(11.0~16.8)/19	13.91(5.96~20.60)/12	20.54(16.4~24.0)/5
U	3.29(2.90~4.2)/10	2.45(1.12~3.90)/19	2.25(0.89~3.52)/12	4.88(2.86~7.48)/5
Nb	14.63(12.60~16.90)/10	15.33(5.31~20.90)/19	16.23(6.60~20.50)/12	23.6(18.8~26.8)/5
Zr	254.5(191.0~282.0)/10	129.04(76.6~323.0)/19	124.32(40.10~189.00)/12	216.6(171.0~259.0)/5
Hf	6.64(5.06~7.37)/10	3.46(2.22~8.15)/19	3.40(1.10~5.12)/12	5.92(4.50~7.21)/5

样品编号	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	样品编号	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	样品编号	δ¹³C/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰
ljg13	-4.8	-6.5	S15	-2.8	-11.8	S59	-6.4	-11.4
ljg8	-5.4	-9.2	S16	-1.8	-10.0	sjg20	-1.9	-6.8
L22	-2.2	-5.8	S17	-2.5	-9.0	S62	-2.2	-5.1
L21	-5.2	-5.1	S19	-1.3	-9.6	sjg17	-1.8	-3.7
L20	-1.9	-7.0	S20	-2.8	-5.2	S64	-2.7	-6.2
L18	-0.6	-7.0	S21	-3.6	-12.1	sjg16	-0.8	-6.3
L17	-1.0	-10.2	S22	-2.4	-12.1	S66	-2.5	-6.4
L16	/	/	S23	-3.5	-10.5	S67	-2.0	-6.3
L15	-3.2	-5.5	S24	-0.4	-6.7	S68	-2.3	-6.9
L14	-2.5	-7.2	S25	-3.1	-11.2	S69	-2.2	-8.2
L13	/	/	S26	-1.0	-7.1	S70	-2.6	-6.2
L11	-3.8	-8.9	S27	-1.2	-10.0	sjg15	-2.0	-8.7
L10	/	/	S28	-1.9	-11.7	sjg14	-0.2	-4.5
ljg4	-2.1	-12.0	S29	-2.4	-12.0	S72	-0.9	-4.9
ljg2	-2.8	-8.5	S30	-2.5	-10.9	S73	-1.0	-6.5
L9	/	/	S31	-2.1	-6.9	S74	-0.3	-6.1
L8	-4.0	-11.5	S32	-1.7	-7.7	S75	-0.5	-6.8
L7	/	/	S33	-0.5	-7.5	S76	-1.8	-8.9
L5	-3.8	-7.1	S34	-1.8	-10.3	sjg12	-1.3	-6.1
L4	-5.4	-7.7	S35	-1.7	-6.9	S78	-2.1	-7.9
L3	-3.2	-11.2	S36	-1.4	-7.3	sjg11	-2.1	-8.1
L2	-8.2	-6.8	S38	-2.3	-10.3	S80	-2.5	-7.2
L1	-6.8	-5.9	S39	-2.1	-9.8	S81	-2.9	-10.4
ljg1	-3.6	-6.4	S40	-2.2	-7.2	S82	-3.5	-12.7
S1	-6.7	-10.0	S41	-2.6	-6.5	S83	-1.0	-4.8
S2	-3.7	-8.5	S43	-3.3	-8.5	S84	-1.2	-6.0
sjg30	-0.4	-6.6	S44	-7.7	-10.2	sjg9	-1.9	-3.3
S4	-3.3	-5.8	S45	-6.6	-10.2	S86	-3.6	-6.2
S5	-1.0	-9.5	S46	-6.5	-11.6	sjg8	-3.5	-10.1
sjg28	-1.6	-9.1	S47	-6.7	-13.0	sjg6	-0.8	-6.6
S7	-0.6	-8.3	S48	-4.9	-11.1	S89	-3.0	-4.3
S8	-1.4	-9.4	S49	-5.3	-10.1	S90	-2.5	-5.8
S9	-2.0	-10.7	S50	-5.8	-13.9	S93	-2.5	-3.8
S10	-1.8	-10.4	S52	-6.2	-9.7	S94	-3.3	-4.9
S11	-3.7	-4.5	S53	-6.6	-11.6	S95	-5.2	-6.2
S12	-0.7	-8.6	S54	-6.8	-11.8	S96	-5.6	-5.4
S13	-3.7	-9.2	S56	-6.5	-12.2	S97	-5.3	-9.2
S14	-2.0	-8.2	S58	-6.2	-11.6	S98	-5.6	-8.3