The Sedimentary Geochemical Records about the Tectonic Evolution of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt from Early Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic

Abstract

Abstract:

There are six Phanerozoic clastic rock strata distributed in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, including the Lower Cambrian Shasongwula Formation, the Middle-Upper Ordovician Nachitai Group and the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian Haoteluowa, the Lower Triassic Hongshuichuan, the Middle Triassic Xilikete and the Upper Triassic Babaoshan formations. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) values of the sandstones indicate the source rocks of the sandstones from the Shasongwula Formation underwent significant chemical weathering, while the other formations were opposite. Major and trace element characteristics suggest that the sandstones in the study area were primarily sourced by felsic rocks with minor intermediate igneous rocks. Moreover, through systematic comparison of the La, Ce, Th, U, ∑REE contents and the La/Sc, Th/Sc, Sc/Cr, La/Y ratios, it is suggested that the sandstones from the Shasongwula Formation and the Nachitai Group were deposited in an active continental margin setting produced by the subduction of the Proto-Tethyan oceanic crust, whereas the sandstones from the Haoteluowa Formation were deposited in a passive continental margin setting related to the rifting between the East Kunlun and Bayanhar terranes. The detritus of sandstones from the Hongshuichuan Formation were mainly derived from continental margin arc volcanic rocks that were produced by the subduction of the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust. Due to the both active and passive continental margin-related geochemical affinity, the sandstones from the Xilikete Formation are considered to be deposited during the initiation of the continental collision. The sandstones from the Babaoshan Formation were deposited in an active continental margin setting caused by the complete continental collision and post-collision.

Key words: East Kunlun orogenic belt, geochemistry of sandstone, provenance analysis, regional tectonic evolution, Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys

CLC Number:

P588.21⁺2.3

WU Ruochen, GU Xuexiang, ZHANG Yongmei, HE Ge, KANG Jizu, YU Fucheng, FENG Liqiang, XU Jingchi. The Sedimentary Geochemical Records about the Tectonic Evolution of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt from Early Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(04): 716-733.

Figures/Tables 14

References 75

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样品	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	$\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{\mathrm{T}}$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量	CIA
ɛ₁s-1	中砂岩	74.39	0.54	11.54	3.99	0.04	1.83	1.03	2.20	1.67	0.14	2.33	99.71	62.30
ɛ₁s-2	中砂岩	74.10	0.63	12.10	3.86	0.03	1.82	0.49	2.26	1.87	0.16	2.06	99.38	65.95
ɛ₁s-3	中砂岩	74.48	0.56	12.07	3.61	0.03	1.58	0.56	2.10	2.33	0.15	1.85	99.32	64.61
ɛ₁s-4	中砂岩	71.83	0.63	13.00	4.38	0.05	1.80	0.50	1.69	2.89	0.17	2.23	99.15	66.95
ɛ₁s-5	粉砂岩	76.68	0.64	10.78	3.95	0.05	1.51	0.39	2.16	1.99	0.12	1.70	99.97	63.70
ɛ₁s-6	粉砂岩	77.39	0.63	9.56	3.99	0.07	1.44	0.81	2.07	1.55	0.11	2.03	99.66	60.32
ɛ₁s-7	粉砂岩	77.30	0.61	10.13	4.04	0.06	1.50	0.49	2.02	1.66	0.11	1.76	99.67	63.85
ɛ₁s-8	粉砂岩	76.11	0.58	10.58	4.22	0.06	1.57	0.42	2.02	1.87	0.11	1.66	99.21	64.39
O_2-3N-1	细砂岩	74.15	0.60	10.44	4.77	0.08	2.71	1.50	1.72	1.81	0.15	2.42	100.35	59.29
O_2-3N-2	细砂岩	74.51	0.62	10.89	4.83	0.08	2.72	1.55	1.81	1.75	0.16	2.10	101.02	59.81
O_2-3N-3	细砂岩	72.94	0.60	11.38	4.57	0.08	2.38	1.58	1.64	1.98	0.15	2.33	99.62	60.72
O_2-3N-4	粉砂岩	73.29	0.61	11.36	4.71	0.07	2.67	1.10	1.56	2.13	0.16	2.33	99.97	63.61
O_2-3N-5	粉砂岩	72.05	0.69	10.76	5.15	0.08	2.70	1.66	1.69	1.64	0.17	2.25	98.84	60.01
O_2-3N-6	粉砂岩	70.44	0.55	11.84	4.62	0.16	2.72	2.45	2.19	2.21	0.13	2.38	99.69	55.23
O_2-3N-7	粉砂岩	72.65	0.69	11.05	5.27	0.08	2.87	1.62	1.39	1.88	0.17	2.62	100.28	62.53
C₂P₁h-1	中砂岩	69.78	0.26	9.38	1.41	0.03	0.67	6.45	2.05	2.45	0.06	5.89	98.42	49.92
C₂P₁h-2	中砂岩	54.58	0.12	5.76	0.62	0.09	0.64	19.00	1.26	1.25	0.05	15.56	98.92	51.20
C₂P₁h-3	中砂岩	68.19	0.47	11.39	3.60	0.03	2.14	4.63	1.96	2.08	0.08	5.41	99.98	56.70
C₂P₁h-4	中砂岩	52.28	0.14	5.38	0.70	0.06	0.72	20.50	1.11	1.38	0.05	16.81	99.12	51.07
C₂P₁h-5	粉砂岩	61.13	0.43	11.82	2.99	0.05	1.90	8.48	1.90	2.49	0.07	8.73	99.98	56.91
C₂P₁h-6	粉砂岩	59.10	0.69	12.95	4.78	0.08	2.52	7.80	2.27	2.16	0.12	8.17	100.62	56.91
C₂P₁h-7	粉砂岩	64.34	1.03	15.14	7.47	0.03	3.75	1.01	1.80	2.49	0.15	3.75	100.97	67.97
C₂P₁h-8	粉砂岩	70.21	0.81	13.62	3.76	0.01	2.67	1.30	1.63	3.41	0.12	3.40	100.91	61.69
C₂P₁h-9	粉砂岩	67.81	0.85	15.30	3.78	0.01	2.81	0.96	1.40	3.96	0.11	3.63	100.62	65.46
C₂P₁h-10	粉砂岩	67.65	0.81	14.58	4.22	0.01	2.95	0.94	1.56	3.39	0.11	3.37	99.58	65.45
T₁h-1	细砂岩	65.43	0.32	15.40	3.00	0.04	2.26	3.49	2.25	2.83	0.06	4.33	99.39	59.50
T₁h-2	细砂岩	54.28	0.51	13.10	4.73	0.09	2.66	10.29	1.99	2.11	0.12	9.69	99.57	59.71
T₁h-3	细砂岩	63.27	0.46	12.51	3.64	0.07	2.23	7.05	2.04	2.18	0.12	7.22	100.78	57.98
HSX3^*	粉砂岩	65.95	0.55	12.96	4.53	0.04	2.29	3.63	2.86	2.25	0.11	5.00	100.17	52.23
HSX6^*	粉砂岩	63.10	0.81	13.39	9.36	0.06	3.53	4.06	2.19	1.93	0.16	4.46	103.05	59.01
HSX7^*	粉砂岩	60.89	0.78	12.92	6.56	0.05	3.47	3.98	2.35	1.94	0.16	6.70	99.80	56.77
T₂x-1	细砂岩	80.29	0.22	10.02	1.89	0.04	0.65	0.91	1.89	2.63	0.06	1.37	99.96	57.25
T₂x-2	细砂岩	78.74	0.39	10.43	2.45	0.05	0.73	1.04	2.04	2.57	0.08	1.29	99.82	56.99
T₂x-3	细砂岩	80.39	0.21	10.19	1.66	0.03	0.55	0.94	1.80	2.79	0.05	1.17	99.79	57.37
T₂x-4	细砂岩	79.40	0.28	10.65	2.37	0.05	0.74	0.96	1.94	2.89	0.07	1.20	100.54	57.34
T₂x-5	细砂岩	79.13	0.35	10.56	2.17	0.04	0.70	1.14	2.03	2.44	0.07	1.42	100.05	57.16
T₂x-6	细砂岩	72.72	0.52	12.62	3.67	0.05	1.24	2.31	1.95	3.19	0.10	1.37	99.73	56.06
T₂x-7	粉砂岩	81.07	0.18	9.37	1.59	0.03	0.47	0.76	1.45	2.78	0.04	1.03	98.79	58.41
T₂x-8	粉砂岩	82.63	0.18	8.99	1.35	0.03	0.43	1.06	1.37	2.61	0.04	0.94	99.64	56.50
T₂x-9	粉砂岩	81.24	0.20	9.41	1.50	0.03	0.47	0.95	1.58	2.71	0.05	1.21	99.34	56.76
T₂x-10	粉砂岩	80.00	0.17	9.34	1.37	0.03	0.45	0.99	1.56	2.88	0.04	1.21	98.04	55.80
T₂x-11	粉砂岩	80.33	0.33	9.92	2.12	0.04	0.67	1.13	1.78	2.66	0.06	1.27	100.32	56.26
T₃b-1	中砂岩	74.07	0.46	11.76	3.21	0.04	1.22	1.78	1.92	2.91	0.09	2.42	99.87	55.72
T₃b-2	中砂岩	67.77	0.64	12.33	4.32	0.07	1.35	4.40	1.96	2.83	0.12	4.41	100.19	56.47
T₃b-3	中砂岩	73.30	0.45	11.55	3.20	0.05	1.22	2.25	1.97	2.72	0.09	2.76	99.56	55.00
T₃b-4	中砂岩	70.54	0.52	11.13	3.54	0.05	1.04	3.04	1.77	2.50	0.09	4.31	98.53	56.61
T₃b-5	细砂岩	72.21	0.56	12.98	3.68	0.05	1.38	1.67	1.94	3.19	0.10	2.51	100.28	57.87
T₃b-6	细砂岩	69.99	0.54	12.66	3.82	0.06	1.29	3.51	2.07	2.74	0.11	3.46	100.24	56.43
T₃b-7	细砂岩	67.69	0.57	13.12	4.08	0.06	1.45	3.19	1.85	3.19	0.11	3.78	99.07	57.90
T₃b-8	细砂岩	79.36	0.32	10.51	2.41	0.05	0.73	1.02	2.06	2.65	0.08	2.53	101.71	57.00
PAAS		62.8	1	18.9	7.22	0.11	2.2	1.3	1.2	3.7	0.16
UCC		66.6	0.64	15.4	5.04	0.1	2.48	3.59	3.27	2.8	0.15

样品	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	$\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{\mathrm{T}}$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量	CIA
ɛ₁s-1	中砂岩	74.39	0.54	11.54	3.99	0.04	1.83	1.03	2.20	1.67	0.14	2.33	99.71	62.30
ɛ₁s-2	中砂岩	74.10	0.63	12.10	3.86	0.03	1.82	0.49	2.26	1.87	0.16	2.06	99.38	65.95
ɛ₁s-3	中砂岩	74.48	0.56	12.07	3.61	0.03	1.58	0.56	2.10	2.33	0.15	1.85	99.32	64.61
ɛ₁s-4	中砂岩	71.83	0.63	13.00	4.38	0.05	1.80	0.50	1.69	2.89	0.17	2.23	99.15	66.95
ɛ₁s-5	粉砂岩	76.68	0.64	10.78	3.95	0.05	1.51	0.39	2.16	1.99	0.12	1.70	99.97	63.70
ɛ₁s-6	粉砂岩	77.39	0.63	9.56	3.99	0.07	1.44	0.81	2.07	1.55	0.11	2.03	99.66	60.32
ɛ₁s-7	粉砂岩	77.30	0.61	10.13	4.04	0.06	1.50	0.49	2.02	1.66	0.11	1.76	99.67	63.85
ɛ₁s-8	粉砂岩	76.11	0.58	10.58	4.22	0.06	1.57	0.42	2.02	1.87	0.11	1.66	99.21	64.39
O_2-3N-1	细砂岩	74.15	0.60	10.44	4.77	0.08	2.71	1.50	1.72	1.81	0.15	2.42	100.35	59.29
O_2-3N-2	细砂岩	74.51	0.62	10.89	4.83	0.08	2.72	1.55	1.81	1.75	0.16	2.10	101.02	59.81
O_2-3N-3	细砂岩	72.94	0.60	11.38	4.57	0.08	2.38	1.58	1.64	1.98	0.15	2.33	99.62	60.72
O_2-3N-4	粉砂岩	73.29	0.61	11.36	4.71	0.07	2.67	1.10	1.56	2.13	0.16	2.33	99.97	63.61
O_2-3N-5	粉砂岩	72.05	0.69	10.76	5.15	0.08	2.70	1.66	1.69	1.64	0.17	2.25	98.84	60.01
O_2-3N-6	粉砂岩	70.44	0.55	11.84	4.62	0.16	2.72	2.45	2.19	2.21	0.13	2.38	99.69	55.23
O_2-3N-7	粉砂岩	72.65	0.69	11.05	5.27	0.08	2.87	1.62	1.39	1.88	0.17	2.62	100.28	62.53
C₂P₁h-1	中砂岩	69.78	0.26	9.38	1.41	0.03	0.67	6.45	2.05	2.45	0.06	5.89	98.42	49.92
C₂P₁h-2	中砂岩	54.58	0.12	5.76	0.62	0.09	0.64	19.00	1.26	1.25	0.05	15.56	98.92	51.20
C₂P₁h-3	中砂岩	68.19	0.47	11.39	3.60	0.03	2.14	4.63	1.96	2.08	0.08	5.41	99.98	56.70
C₂P₁h-4	中砂岩	52.28	0.14	5.38	0.70	0.06	0.72	20.50	1.11	1.38	0.05	16.81	99.12	51.07
C₂P₁h-5	粉砂岩	61.13	0.43	11.82	2.99	0.05	1.90	8.48	1.90	2.49	0.07	8.73	99.98	56.91
C₂P₁h-6	粉砂岩	59.10	0.69	12.95	4.78	0.08	2.52	7.80	2.27	2.16	0.12	8.17	100.62	56.91
C₂P₁h-7	粉砂岩	64.34	1.03	15.14	7.47	0.03	3.75	1.01	1.80	2.49	0.15	3.75	100.97	67.97
C₂P₁h-8	粉砂岩	70.21	0.81	13.62	3.76	0.01	2.67	1.30	1.63	3.41	0.12	3.40	100.91	61.69
C₂P₁h-9	粉砂岩	67.81	0.85	15.30	3.78	0.01	2.81	0.96	1.40	3.96	0.11	3.63	100.62	65.46
C₂P₁h-10	粉砂岩	67.65	0.81	14.58	4.22	0.01	2.95	0.94	1.56	3.39	0.11	3.37	99.58	65.45
T₁h-1	细砂岩	65.43	0.32	15.40	3.00	0.04	2.26	3.49	2.25	2.83	0.06	4.33	99.39	59.50
T₁h-2	细砂岩	54.28	0.51	13.10	4.73	0.09	2.66	10.29	1.99	2.11	0.12	9.69	99.57	59.71
T₁h-3	细砂岩	63.27	0.46	12.51	3.64	0.07	2.23	7.05	2.04	2.18	0.12	7.22	100.78	57.98
HSX3^*	粉砂岩	65.95	0.55	12.96	4.53	0.04	2.29	3.63	2.86	2.25	0.11	5.00	100.17	52.23
HSX6^*	粉砂岩	63.10	0.81	13.39	9.36	0.06	3.53	4.06	2.19	1.93	0.16	4.46	103.05	59.01
HSX7^*	粉砂岩	60.89	0.78	12.92	6.56	0.05	3.47	3.98	2.35	1.94	0.16	6.70	99.80	56.77
T₂x-1	细砂岩	80.29	0.22	10.02	1.89	0.04	0.65	0.91	1.89	2.63	0.06	1.37	99.96	57.25
T₂x-2	细砂岩	78.74	0.39	10.43	2.45	0.05	0.73	1.04	2.04	2.57	0.08	1.29	99.82	56.99
T₂x-3	细砂岩	80.39	0.21	10.19	1.66	0.03	0.55	0.94	1.80	2.79	0.05	1.17	99.79	57.37
T₂x-4	细砂岩	79.40	0.28	10.65	2.37	0.05	0.74	0.96	1.94	2.89	0.07	1.20	100.54	57.34
T₂x-5	细砂岩	79.13	0.35	10.56	2.17	0.04	0.70	1.14	2.03	2.44	0.07	1.42	100.05	57.16
T₂x-6	细砂岩	72.72	0.52	12.62	3.67	0.05	1.24	2.31	1.95	3.19	0.10	1.37	99.73	56.06
T₂x-7	粉砂岩	81.07	0.18	9.37	1.59	0.03	0.47	0.76	1.45	2.78	0.04	1.03	98.79	58.41
T₂x-8	粉砂岩	82.63	0.18	8.99	1.35	0.03	0.43	1.06	1.37	2.61	0.04	0.94	99.64	56.50
T₂x-9	粉砂岩	81.24	0.20	9.41	1.50	0.03	0.47	0.95	1.58	2.71	0.05	1.21	99.34	56.76
T₂x-10	粉砂岩	80.00	0.17	9.34	1.37	0.03	0.45	0.99	1.56	2.88	0.04	1.21	98.04	55.80
T₂x-11	粉砂岩	80.33	0.33	9.92	2.12	0.04	0.67	1.13	1.78	2.66	0.06	1.27	100.32	56.26
T₃b-1	中砂岩	74.07	0.46	11.76	3.21	0.04	1.22	1.78	1.92	2.91	0.09	2.42	99.87	55.72
T₃b-2	中砂岩	67.77	0.64	12.33	4.32	0.07	1.35	4.40	1.96	2.83	0.12	4.41	100.19	56.47
T₃b-3	中砂岩	73.30	0.45	11.55	3.20	0.05	1.22	2.25	1.97	2.72	0.09	2.76	99.56	55.00
T₃b-4	中砂岩	70.54	0.52	11.13	3.54	0.05	1.04	3.04	1.77	2.50	0.09	4.31	98.53	56.61
T₃b-5	细砂岩	72.21	0.56	12.98	3.68	0.05	1.38	1.67	1.94	3.19	0.10	2.51	100.28	57.87
T₃b-6	细砂岩	69.99	0.54	12.66	3.82	0.06	1.29	3.51	2.07	2.74	0.11	3.46	100.24	56.43
T₃b-7	细砂岩	67.69	0.57	13.12	4.08	0.06	1.45	3.19	1.85	3.19	0.11	3.78	99.07	57.90
T₃b-8	细砂岩	79.36	0.32	10.51	2.41	0.05	0.73	1.02	2.06	2.65	0.08	2.53	101.71	57.00
PAAS		62.8	1	18.9	7.22	0.11	2.2	1.3	1.2	3.7	0.16
UCC		66.6	0.64	15.4	5.04	0.1	2.48	3.59	3.27	2.8	0.15

样品	Th	U	La	Ce	Rb/Sr	Sc/Cr	La/Sc
大洋岛弧(OIA)	2.27±0.7	1.09±0.21	8±1.7	19±3.7	0.05±0.05	0.57±0.16	0.55±0.22
大陆岛弧(CIA)	11.1±1.1	2.53±0.24	27±4.5	59±8.2	0.65±0.33	0.32±0.06	1.82±0.3
活动大陆边缘(ACM)	18.8±3.0	3.90±0.5	37	78	0.89±0.24	0.3±0.02	4.55±0.8
被动大陆边缘(PM)	16.7±3.5	3.20±0.8	39	85	1.19±0.4	0.16±0.02	6.25±1.35
沙松乌拉组(ɛ₁s)	14.21	1.04	36.55	80.26	1.60	0.10	5.15
纳赤台群(O_2-3N)	13.96	1.82	31.87	66.70	0.37	0.06	3.48
浩特洛哇组(C₂P₁h)	10.55	1.39	24.17	52.82	1.32	0.15	5.10
洪水川组(T₁h)	16.75	2.34	34.10	70.25	0.39	0.36	5.65
希里科特组(T₂x)	8.64	1.41	26.30	54.47	0.59	0.23	6.54
八宝山组(T₃b)	15.08	1.99	31.82	66.67	0.69	0.23	4.94
样品	Th/Sc	La/Y	La/Th	(La/Yb)_N	Th/U	δEu	∑REE
大洋岛弧(OIA)	0.15±0.08	0.48±0.12	4.26±1.2	2.8±0.9	2.1±0.78	1.04±0.11	58±10
大陆岛弧(CIA)	0.85±0.13	1.02±0.07	2.36±0.3	7.5±2.5	4.6±0.45	0.79±0.13	146±20
活动大陆边缘(ACM)	2.59±0.5	1.33±0.09	1.77±0.1	8.5	4.8±0.38	0.6	186
被动大陆边缘(PM)	3.06±0.8	1.31±0.26	2.22±0.47	10.8	5.6±0.37	0.56	210
沙松乌拉组(ɛ₁s)	2.00	4.83	2.57	26.13	13.81	0.57	176
纳赤台群(O_2-3N)	1.52	1.47	2.29	9.25	7.66	0.61	159
浩特洛哇组(C₂P₁h)	2.16	2.67	2.37	14.66	7.71	0.53	124
洪水川组(T₁h)	2.85	1.32	2.06	7.69	7.32	0.60	153
希里科特组(T₂x)	2.19	1.66	3.04	9.86	6.15	0.64	128
八宝山组(T₃b)	2.34	1.32	2.12	8.01	7.57	0.53	161

样品	Th	U	La	Ce	Rb/Sr	Sc/Cr	La/Sc
大洋岛弧(OIA)	2.27±0.7	1.09±0.21	8±1.7	19±3.7	0.05±0.05	0.57±0.16	0.55±0.22
大陆岛弧(CIA)	11.1±1.1	2.53±0.24	27±4.5	59±8.2	0.65±0.33	0.32±0.06	1.82±0.3
活动大陆边缘(ACM)	18.8±3.0	3.90±0.5	37	78	0.89±0.24	0.3±0.02	4.55±0.8
被动大陆边缘(PM)	16.7±3.5	3.20±0.8	39	85	1.19±0.4	0.16±0.02	6.25±1.35
沙松乌拉组(ɛ₁s)	14.21	1.04	36.55	80.26	1.60	0.10	5.15
纳赤台群(O_2-3N)	13.96	1.82	31.87	66.70	0.37	0.06	3.48
浩特洛哇组(C₂P₁h)	10.55	1.39	24.17	52.82	1.32	0.15	5.10
洪水川组(T₁h)	16.75	2.34	34.10	70.25	0.39	0.36	5.65
希里科特组(T₂x)	8.64	1.41	26.30	54.47	0.59	0.23	6.54
八宝山组(T₃b)	15.08	1.99	31.82	66.67	0.69	0.23	4.94
样品	Th/Sc	La/Y	La/Th	(La/Yb)_N	Th/U	δEu	∑REE
大洋岛弧(OIA)	0.15±0.08	0.48±0.12	4.26±1.2	2.8±0.9	2.1±0.78	1.04±0.11	58±10
大陆岛弧(CIA)	0.85±0.13	1.02±0.07	2.36±0.3	7.5±2.5	4.6±0.45	0.79±0.13	146±20
活动大陆边缘(ACM)	2.59±0.5	1.33±0.09	1.77±0.1	8.5	4.8±0.38	0.6	186
被动大陆边缘(PM)	3.06±0.8	1.31±0.26	2.22±0.47	10.8	5.6±0.37	0.56	210
沙松乌拉组(ɛ₁s)	2.00	4.83	2.57	26.13	13.81	0.57	176
纳赤台群(O_2-3N)	1.52	1.47	2.29	9.25	7.66	0.61	159
浩特洛哇组(C₂P₁h)	2.16	2.67	2.37	14.66	7.71	0.53	124
洪水川组(T₁h)	2.85	1.32	2.06	7.69	7.32	0.60	153
希里科特组(T₂x)	2.19	1.66	3.04	9.86	6.15	0.64	128
八宝山组(T₃b)	2.34	1.32	2.12	8.01	7.57	0.53	161