Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Xide Geothermal Field, Southwest Sichuan, China

Abstract

Abstract:

The formation and chemical characteristics of thermal groundwater are commonly influenced by the fault structures and the strata lithology of geothermal reservoirs, such as Xide geothermal field. It is located in north shore of the Sunshui River of Xide town, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and belongs to low-medium temperature convective geothermal fluid system in carbonate aquifer. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of cold spring and thermal waters in this area are mainly affected by faults. The cold spring water derived from the shallow circulation clastic rock pore-fracture water or karstic fracture water, which was controlled by the main fault. The thermal water originated from deep cycle fissure water, which was significantly influenced by the secondary fault. In addition, the main reservoir of thermal water is carbonate rocks. Based on the local geological structure, hydrochemistry analysis of thermal and cold spring waters were incorporated with water-rock interaction simulation to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in this area. The results were shown as followings. Thermal and cold spring waters originated from meteoric water and the recharge elevation are of 2,874-3,092 m and 2,584-2,818 m, respectively. The hydrochemical type and chemical components are distinctive between thermal and cold spring waters due to reservoir temperature, aquifer types, and water-rock interactions. The thermal waters is of HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg type, while the cold spring waters is of HCO₃-Ca·Mg type. The main cause for those differences is that the dissolution and precipitation of carbonate and gypsum, and cation ion exchange. In addition, the reservoir temperature and circulation depth calculated by silica geothermometer are 56-90 ℃ and 1,422-2,558 m, respectively. The results provide important insights into the genesis of the Xide geothermal field, and are instructive for further management and sustainable utilization of geothermal resource for local government.

Key words: thermal water, cold spring water, chemical component, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, the Xide geothermal field

CLC Number:

P314.1

YUAN Jianfei, DENG Guoshi, XU Fen, TANG Yeqi, LI Pengyue. Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in the Xide Geothermal Field, Southwest Sichuan, China[J]. Geoscience, 2017, 31(01): 200-208.

Figures/Tables 11

References 38

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编号	类型	含水层	温度 /℃	pH	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	SiO₂	F^-	δD	δ¹⁸O	水化学类型
1	泉水	震旦系	12.8	7.18	132.6	7.4	1.3	21.8	12.3	7.9	22.0	109.7	2.5	0.2	-91.0	-13.10	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
2	泉水	震旦系	14.0	7.62	162.3	6.5	1.3	29.3	16.3	11.9	19.9	141.5	3.1	0.2	-86.9	-12.74	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
3	泉水	震旦系	21.0	6.65	351.2	20.1	10.5	58.6	25.2	47.6	80.1	187.5	8.5	0.6	-91.1	-13.16	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
4	地热水	震旦系	42.0	6.68	847.4	51.4	25.6	131.9	64.3	127.0	203.1	424.5	15.3	0.9	-102.2	-13.91	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
5	泉水	震旦系	11.5	7.15	102.1	0.6	0.7	20.9	11.2	6.0	5.3	106.1	2.3	-	-94.7	-13.46	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
6	泉水	震旦系	13.4	7.38	120.9	0.9	1.2	24.3	12.1	7.1	6.7	120.3	6.1	-	-93.4	-12.75	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
7	泉水	三叠系	14.2	7.25	85.9	3.0	1.7	18.2	4.4	6.0	5.6	70.7	9.9	-	-	-	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
8	泉水	三叠系	15.0	7.25	142.4	5.0	1.3	29.6	9.4	4.0	4.6	141.5	14.9	-	-	-	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
9	地热水	震旦系	62.0	6.94	815.1	45.4	28.4	129.4	56.6	31.7	205.0	530.6	37.4	2.3	-97.3	-13.99	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
10	地热水	震旦系	45.0	6.95	647.7	33.4	22.9	115.0	46.5	24.3	162.5	467.0	19.1	-	-94.8	-13.29	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
11	泉水	震旦系	15.0	7.01	128.9	4.1	4.4	21.9	7.9	20.0	13.3	71.6	-	-	-	-	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg

编号	类型	含水层	温度 /℃	pH	TDS	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	SiO₂	F^-	δD	δ¹⁸O	水化学类型
1	泉水	震旦系	12.8	7.18	132.6	7.4	1.3	21.8	12.3	7.9	22.0	109.7	2.5	0.2	-91.0	-13.10	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
2	泉水	震旦系	14.0	7.62	162.3	6.5	1.3	29.3	16.3	11.9	19.9	141.5	3.1	0.2	-86.9	-12.74	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
3	泉水	震旦系	21.0	6.65	351.2	20.1	10.5	58.6	25.2	47.6	80.1	187.5	8.5	0.6	-91.1	-13.16	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
4	地热水	震旦系	42.0	6.68	847.4	51.4	25.6	131.9	64.3	127.0	203.1	424.5	15.3	0.9	-102.2	-13.91	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
5	泉水	震旦系	11.5	7.15	102.1	0.6	0.7	20.9	11.2	6.0	5.3	106.1	2.3	-	-94.7	-13.46	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
6	泉水	震旦系	13.4	7.38	120.9	0.9	1.2	24.3	12.1	7.1	6.7	120.3	6.1	-	-93.4	-12.75	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
7	泉水	三叠系	14.2	7.25	85.9	3.0	1.7	18.2	4.4	6.0	5.6	70.7	9.9	-	-	-	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
8	泉水	三叠系	15.0	7.25	142.4	5.0	1.3	29.6	9.4	4.0	4.6	141.5	14.9	-	-	-	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
9	地热水	震旦系	62.0	6.94	815.1	45.4	28.4	129.4	56.6	31.7	205.0	530.6	37.4	2.3	-97.3	-13.99	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
10	地热水	震旦系	45.0	6.95	647.7	33.4	22.9	115.0	46.5	24.3	162.5	467.0	19.1	-	-94.8	-13.29	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
11	泉水	震旦系	15.0	7.01	128.9	4.1	4.4	21.9	7.9	20.0	13.3	71.6	-	-	-	-	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg

矿物类别	SI
矿物类别	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
方解石	-0.84	-0.18	-0.80	-0.17	-0.88	-0.55	-1.00	-0.52	0.18	0.10	-1.17
白云石	-1.58	-0.27	-1.61	-0.32	-1.69	-1.04	-2.27	-1.19	0.33	0.16	-2.44
石膏	-2.61	-2.57	-1.78	-1.24	-3.23	-3.08	-3.21	-3.16	-1.23	-1.34	-2.80
硬石膏	-2.92	-2.87	-2.09	-1.54	-3.53	-3.38	-3.52	-3.46	-1.53	-1.64	-3.10
石英	-0.40	-0.31	0.13	0.39	-0.44	-0.01	0.20	0.37	0.78	0.48
玉髓	-0.83	-0.74	-0.30	-0.04	-0.87	-0.44	-0.23	-0.05	0.35	0.06

矿物类别	SI
矿物类别	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
方解石	-0.84	-0.18	-0.80	-0.17	-0.88	-0.55	-1.00	-0.52	0.18	0.10	-1.17
白云石	-1.58	-0.27	-1.61	-0.32	-1.69	-1.04	-2.27	-1.19	0.33	0.16	-2.44
石膏	-2.61	-2.57	-1.78	-1.24	-3.23	-3.08	-3.21	-3.16	-1.23	-1.34	-2.80
硬石膏	-2.92	-2.87	-2.09	-1.54	-3.53	-3.38	-3.52	-3.46	-1.53	-1.64	-3.10
石英	-0.40	-0.31	0.13	0.39	-0.44	-0.01	0.20	0.37	0.78	0.48
玉髓	-0.83	-0.74	-0.30	-0.04	-0.87	-0.44	-0.23	-0.05	0.35	0.06