Gem and Mineralogy, Chronology and Genesis of “Panlong Dark Jade” from Jilin Province

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.006

Abstract

Abstract:

This study systematically explores the gemological properties, genesis, and geological context of “Panglong Dark Jade”, aiming to elucidate its formation mechanisms and address existing research deficiencies in this area. Utilizing a multifaceted approach, we employed conventional gemological testing alongside various spectroscopic methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy as well as whole-rock chemical analysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for zircon U-Pb dating. Our focus was on “Panglong Dark Jade” discovered in the surrounding rocks of a medium-sized lead-zinc ore deposit in the east-central region of Jilin Province. The findings reveal that “Panglong Dark Jade” has a refractive index ranging from 1.53 to 1.54, a relative density of 2.73 to 2.79, and a Mohs hardness between 3.89 and 6.23. The primary mineral constituents are quartz and sericite, potentially accompanied by accessory minerals such as chlorite, pyrrhotite, and ilmenite. Its structural characteristics are marked by distinct slaty and massive forms, in addition to supermylonitic, aphanitic, and palimpsest textures. The main chromogenic minerals are predominantly graphite and chlorite. The total concentration of rare earth elements fluctuates between 177.93×10^-6 and 216.89×10^-6 revealing a significant enrichment of light rare earth elements alongside a pronounced deficit of Europium (Eu). Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of (331.3±2.3) Ma, corresponding to the Middle Carboniferous Epoch. Integrating regional structural analyses with geological data suggests that the parent rock of “Panglong Dark Jade” is a normal sedimentary rock that underwent regional metamorphism to form carbonaceous slate, subsequently modified by hydrothermal activity to produce “Panglong Dark Jade”.

Key words: “Panlong Dark Jade”, gemological mineralogy, geochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating, chlorite-mica-quartz jade

CLC Number:

P574
P611

AN Wenjing, BAI Feng, LIU Mengsong, ZHANG Daoyuan, HUANG Tiantian, WANG Wen. Gem and Mineralogy, Chronology and Genesis of “Panlong Dark Jade” from Jilin Province[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(01): 183-193.

Figures/Tables 15

References 31

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矿物	吸收峰
石英	1173, 1078, 797, 775, 694, 536, 482
绢云母	1037, 985, 451

矿物	吸收峰
石英	1173, 1078, 797, 775, 694, 536, 482
绢云母	1037, 985, 451

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	FeO	LOI	Total
1-1	66.38	0.79	17.59	0.41	0.17	0.48	0.19	0.39	4.40	0.08	3.16	4.30	98.33
1-2	63.58	0.74	17.40	0.49	0.11	1.34	0.52	0.31	4.54	0.11	3.81	5.30	98.25
1-3	59.26	0.79	16.28	1.00	0.15	1.55	0.38	0.32	3.99	0.09	8.44	6.46	98.70
1-4	67.24	0.72	18.03	0.46	0.08	0.46	0.18	0.16	5.50	0.05	1.69	3.64	98.20
2-1	55.08	1.11	20.86	0.99	0.24	1.63	0.29	0.39	4.60	0.12	7.33	6.02	98.66
2-2	67.39	0.82	17.14	0.37	0.15	0.67	0.17	0.34	4.30	0.07	2.59	4.19	98.18
2-3	61.24	0.81	16.63	0.85	0.17	1.73	0.93	0.44	3.67	0.09	6.68	5.70	98.91
2-4	61.22	0.81	17.05	1.13	0.19	1.78	1.08	0.48	3.51	0.10	6.97	5.26	99.58
3-1	59.28	1.04	20.43	1.34	0.23	1.19	0.35	0.37	4.98	0.08	3.81	5.36	98.45
3-2	59.87	0.86	16.61	1.98	0.33	2.16	0.72	0.51	3.49	0.11	7.11	5.24	98.98
3-3	56.25	0.53	15.03	3.68	0.37	2.67	0.41	0.24	2.05	0.04	14.23	4.04	99.52

样品	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	FeO	LOI	Total
1-1	66.38	0.79	17.59	0.41	0.17	0.48	0.19	0.39	4.40	0.08	3.16	4.30	98.33
1-2	63.58	0.74	17.40	0.49	0.11	1.34	0.52	0.31	4.54	0.11	3.81	5.30	98.25
1-3	59.26	0.79	16.28	1.00	0.15	1.55	0.38	0.32	3.99	0.09	8.44	6.46	98.70
1-4	67.24	0.72	18.03	0.46	0.08	0.46	0.18	0.16	5.50	0.05	1.69	3.64	98.20
2-1	55.08	1.11	20.86	0.99	0.24	1.63	0.29	0.39	4.60	0.12	7.33	6.02	98.66
2-2	67.39	0.82	17.14	0.37	0.15	0.67	0.17	0.34	4.30	0.07	2.59	4.19	98.18
2-3	61.24	0.81	16.63	0.85	0.17	1.73	0.93	0.44	3.67	0.09	6.68	5.70	98.91
2-4	61.22	0.81	17.05	1.13	0.19	1.78	1.08	0.48	3.51	0.10	6.97	5.26	99.58
3-1	59.28	1.04	20.43	1.34	0.23	1.19	0.35	0.37	4.98	0.08	3.81	5.36	98.45
3-2	59.87	0.86	16.61	1.98	0.33	2.16	0.72	0.51	3.49	0.11	7.11	5.24	98.98
3-3	56.25	0.53	15.03	3.68	0.37	2.67	0.41	0.24	2.05	0.04	14.23	4.04	99.52

样品号	1-1	1-3	2-2	2-3	2-4	3-1	3-2	3-3
La	37.26	40.88	35.44	41.16	43.63	45.38	35.11	36.17
Ce	88.28	94.80	73.90	86.67	84.76	94.90	74.32	76.67
Pr	9.40	9.79	8.55	10.06	9.89	10.63	8.55	8.74
Nd	35.52	35.66	33.30	38.70	35.84	38.90	32.20	33.16
Sm	6.92	6.21	6.46	7.13	6.64	7.09	6.39	6.30
Eu	1.26	1.08	1.55	1.32	1.94	1.06	1.39	1.44
Gd	6.14	5.03	6.06	5.98	4.96	5.17	5.23	5.39
Tb	0.91	0.73	0.97	1.02	0.80	0.83	0.95	0.92
Dy	5.80	4.80	5.32	5.87	4.60	4.71	5.31	5.26
Ho	1.20	1.02	1.08	1.18	1.02	1.03	1.09	1.07
Er	3.55	3.12	3.33	3.68	3.35	3.12	3.35	3.29
Tm	0.53	0.46	0.48	0.53	0.51	0.46	0.50	0.47
Yb	3.54	5.37	3.00	3.44	3.44	3.16	3.07	2.95
Lu	0.52	0.48	0.50	0.51	0.52	0.46	0.47	0.46
(La/Yb)_N	7.13	5.16	8.01	8.11	8.58	9.74	7.75	8.30
ΣREE	200.83	210.00	179.92	207.26	201.91	216.89	177.93	182.29
LREE	178.64	188.42	159.20	185.04	182.70	197.96	157.96	162.48
HREE	22.19	21.58	20.72	22.22	19.21	18.93	19.97	19.81
LREE/HREE	8.05	8.73	7.68	8.33	9.51	10.46	7.91	8.20