Important Geoheritages of Dali Nor Area in Hexigten UNESCO Global Geopark and Implications for the Dali Lake Evolution

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.076

Abstract

Abstract:

Lakeshore landforms are not only indicators of the lake evolution in conjunction with sedimentation, but also serve as beautiful landscapes with high scenic value, making them important geoheritages. The Dali Nor area of the Hexigten UNESCO Global Geopark in Inner Mongolia preserves many geoheritages formed under the lacustrine influence, which are indicative of lake evolution and climate change. This study focuses on various lake erosion landforms, including lake caves, lake notches, lake pillars, and lake cliffs, which represent paleo-lake surfaces, as well as beach ridges, lake terraces, river landforms, and periglacial landforms. By measuring profiles in the field and comparing them with lakeshore sediments and sediment core DL04, we determined the lake-level changes and summarized the evolution process of Dali Lake since the Holocene. The lake erosion landforms indicate that the Dali Lake had four distinct high lake levels: 1,303 m, 1,296 m, 1,288 m, and 1,277 m, while the lake deposit landforms imply that they were mainly developed at the height below 1,280 m. In addition, the continuous development of the Hao Lai River, known as the “world’s narrowest river”, represents the lake water decline. Diatomaceous sediments and ice-wedge pseudomorphs imply lake expansion and recession events. This research provides a valuable reference for reconstructing the lake evolution in monsoon marginal zones.

Key words: geoheritage, lakeshore landform, ice-wedge pseudomorph, lake evolution, Dali Lake, Hexigten UNESCO Global Geopark

CLC Number:

ZHANG Xiangge, ZHANG Xujiao, WANG Yifan, LIU Xiaohong, TIAN Nan, WANG Lingyue, HE Zexin, Aruhan , Tana . Important Geoheritages of Dali Nor Area in Hexigten UNESCO Global Geopark and Implications for the Dali Lake Evolution[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(03): 834-844.

Figures/Tables 10

References 40

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编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	TFe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	烧失量
GZT-①-1	82.98	7.89	0.891	1.30	0.625	0.870	1.68	2.35	0.028	0.251	0.048	1.91
GZT-②-1	76.21	9.79	0.94	1.11	0.518	3.22	2.43	2.84	0.022	0.276	0.046	3.44
GZT-②-2	80.22	8.07	0.412	0.936	0.420	2.65	2.03	2.48	0.020	0.232	0.034	2.83
GZT-③-1	60.18	7.38	0.757	1.34	0.751	12.13	1.55	1.96	0.023	0.236	0.054	14.28
GZT-③-2	63.98	7.30	0.891	1.29	0.695	10.53	1.62	1.95	0.021	0.246	0.044	12.21
GZT-③-3	66.29	8.62	1.13	1.39	0.675	8.54	1.93	2.15	0.022	0.282	0.048	9.95
GZT-④-1	52.17	7.11	1.51	1.69	0.858	17.49	1.47	1.71	0.024	0.283	0.062	17.01
GZT-④-2	36.13	4.97	0.843	1.17	0.995	27.73	0.85	1.11	0.021	0.182	0.061	26.65

编号	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	TFe₂O₃	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	烧失量
GZT-①-1	82.98	7.89	0.891	1.30	0.625	0.870	1.68	2.35	0.028	0.251	0.048	1.91
GZT-②-1	76.21	9.79	0.94	1.11	0.518	3.22	2.43	2.84	0.022	0.276	0.046	3.44
GZT-②-2	80.22	8.07	0.412	0.936	0.420	2.65	2.03	2.48	0.020	0.232	0.034	2.83
GZT-③-1	60.18	7.38	0.757	1.34	0.751	12.13	1.55	1.96	0.023	0.236	0.054	14.28
GZT-③-2	63.98	7.30	0.891	1.29	0.695	10.53	1.62	1.95	0.021	0.246	0.044	12.21
GZT-③-3	66.29	8.62	1.13	1.39	0.675	8.54	1.93	2.15	0.022	0.282	0.048	9.95
GZT-④-1	52.17	7.11	1.51	1.69	0.858	17.49	1.47	1.71	0.024	0.283	0.062	17.01
GZT-④-2	36.13	4.97	0.843	1.17	0.995	27.73	0.85	1.11	0.021	0.182	0.061	26.65

地质遗迹类型			指示意义	资料来源
湖岸地貌	湖蚀地貌	曼陀山湖蚀地貌	指示4期高湖面,分别为 1277 m、1288 m、1296 m、1303 m	本文
	湖蚀地貌	砧子山湖蚀地貌	指示湖水面高度曾在海拔(1283±6) m处	文献[28]
	湖积地貌	湖岸堤	指示达里湖在早中全新世处于高水位, 自晚全新世以来水位逐渐下降至现今水位	文献[14-15,32]
	湖积地貌	湖积阶地	与湖蚀地貌指示的1277 m和1296 m的高湖面对应	本文
湖泊沉积物		湖心沉积物	在早中全新世处于高水位,晚全新世水位先上升后逐渐下降至现今水位	文献[33]
湖泊沉积物		湖岸沉积物 (硅藻土)	指示湖进事件	本文
河流地貌		耗来河	指示达里湖在气候变化影响下的不断萎缩	本文
冰缘地貌		古冰楔	指示1262 m的高湖面以及一次湖退和一次湖进事件	本文

地质遗迹类型			指示意义	资料来源
湖岸地貌	湖蚀地貌	曼陀山湖蚀地貌	指示4期高湖面,分别为 1277 m、1288 m、1296 m、1303 m	本文
	湖蚀地貌	砧子山湖蚀地貌	指示湖水面高度曾在海拔(1283±6) m处	文献[28]
	湖积地貌	湖岸堤	指示达里湖在早中全新世处于高水位, 自晚全新世以来水位逐渐下降至现今水位	文献[14-15,32]
	湖积地貌	湖积阶地	与湖蚀地貌指示的1277 m和1296 m的高湖面对应	本文
湖泊沉积物		湖心沉积物	在早中全新世处于高水位,晚全新世水位先上升后逐渐下降至现今水位	文献[33]
湖泊沉积物		湖岸沉积物 (硅藻土)	指示湖进事件	本文
河流地貌		耗来河	指示达里湖在气候变化影响下的不断萎缩	本文
冰缘地貌		古冰楔	指示1262 m的高湖面以及一次湖退和一次湖进事件	本文