Influencing Factors on Penetration Resistance of Deep Sea Sediments and Its Variation Patterns

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.190

Abstract

Abstract:

Geotechnical characteristics of deep-sea sediments are the important basis for the design of deep-sea resources development equipment. Based on the in-situ measurement data and sampling experiment of deep-sea geotechnical mechanics, the relations between physical and geotechnical parameters of sediment and penetration resistance were analyzed, and the relations between water content, wet density, void ratio and pressure settlement were established. The results show that (1) deep-sea sediments in the study area are mainly sandy silt and clayey silt, characterized by high water content, large pore ratio and low density; (2) physical parameters and penetration resistance are well correlated, and water content, pore ratio and porosity are inversely proportional to penetration resistance; (3) wet density is proportional to penetration resistance. Based on the Bekker subsidence model, the relation between specific ground pressure and penetration resistance was established, which can objectively reflect the deep-sea sediment subsidence and bearing features.

Key words: deep-sea sediments, physical parameters, penetration resistance

CLC Number:

P736.2

WEI Dingbang, YANG Qiang, XIA Jianxin. Influencing Factors on Penetration Resistance of Deep Sea Sediments and Its Variation Patterns[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(06): 1871-1879.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Location map of sediment testing and sampling area

Fig.2 Three-phase diagram of sediment classification by the Sheppard method

Fig.3 Distribution curve of grain-size frequency in the southern of Mariana Trench

Fig.4 Grain-size frequency distribution curve of ocean polymetallic nodule mineral district

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of deep-sea sediments

采样位置	沉积物类型	水深 /m	含水率/%		湿密度/(g/cm³)		孔隙比		孔隙度/%		抗剪强度/kPa		贯入阻力/kPa		塑性指数	液性指数
采样位置	沉积物类型	水深 /m	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	范围	平均值	塑性指数	液性指数
西太平洋马里亚纳海沟南部^[20]	砂质粉砂	6 471	182.7~ 329.9	225.20	1.19~ 1.29	1.26	4.7~ 7.6	5.45	82.5~ 88.4	85.5	2.0~ 8.0	5.52	4.19~ 41.57	30.82	—	—
大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	1 734	230.8~ 270.0	250.7	1.22~ 1.25	1.23	6.1~ 7.3	6.70	85.9~ 88.0	87.0	4.8~ 8.5	6.6	7.8~ 22.7	14.5	43.0~ 53.0	2.8~ 4.2
大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海岭裂谷^[17]	黏土质粉砂	1 737	208.0~ 272.0	241.1	1.21~ 1.27	1.24	5.5~ 7.4	6.50	84.6~ 88.1	86.7	5.3~ 8.3	6.3	7.4~ 26.1	16.17	32.0~ 59.0	2.8~ 3.3
大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海山丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	1 779	237.0~ 257.0	247.3	1.22~ 1.25	1.23	6.3~ 6.9	6.60	86.3~ 87.3	86.8	4.0~ 14.0	10.3	4.8~ 18.5	12.93	63.0~ 59.0	2.8~ 4.5
大洋多金属结核矿区东区南部丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	1 820	208.0~ 257.0	231.7	1.20~ 1.25	1.22	5.6~ 7.1	6.30	84.8~ 87.7	86.3	4.2~ 7.1	5.65	6.3~ 44.7	23.4	40.0~ 47.0	3.1~ 3.6
大洋多金属结核矿区西区北部丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	2 356	225.0~ 250.0	239.3	1.23~ 1.26	1.25	5.9~ 6.6	6.30	85.5~ 86.8	86.3	4.9~ 8.6	6.63	8.7~ 25.4	16.87	45.0~ 48.0	2.7~ 3.5
大洋多金属结核矿区西区中部丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	2 395	247.0~ 271.0	261	1.21~ 1.27	1.25	6.5~ 7.3	6.90	86.7~ 88.0	87.3	5.1~ 7.6	6.03	8.7~ 22.7	16.43	42.0~ 64.0	2.2~ 4.2
大洋多金属结核矿区西区南部丘陵^[17]	黏土质粉砂	2 464	217.7~ 250.0	236.5	1.22~ 1.25	1.23	5.8~ 7.0	6.40	85.3~ 87.5	87.3	5.1~ 7.7	6.1	9.1~ 31.7	20.67	37.0~ 40.0	4.1~ 4.4

Fig.5 Variation of water content with depth

Fig.6 Variation of wet density with depth

Fig.7 Variation of void ratio with depth

Fig.8 Variation of porosity with depth

Fig.9 Variation of shear strength with depth

Fig.10 Variation of penetration resistance with depth

Fig.11 Statistical correlation plot of the relations between penetration resistance and physical properties

Table 2 Prediction equation of penetration resistance variation with sampling depth, natural water content, density and void ratio

站位	取样区域	单因子线性拟合关系式
1	西太平洋马里亚纳海沟南部	$P s = 15.376 + 0.3665 h$	$P s = 69.506 - 0.1785 w$	$P s = - 329.36 + 286.03 ρ$	$P s = 73.83 - 7.8917 e$
2	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部丘陵	$P s = 2.95 + 0.1986 h$	$P s = 110.16 - 0.3816 w$	$P s = - 556.36 + 461.61 ρ$	$P s = 97.692 - 12.417 e$
3	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海岭裂谷	$P s = 1.85 + 0.2454 h$	$P s = 86.816 - 0.293 w$	$P s = - 384.2 + 322.01 ρ$	$P s = 80.238 - 9.8571 e$
4	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海山丘陵	$P s = 3.3 + 0.165 h$	$P s = 178.63 - 0.6699 w$	$P s = - 534.31 + 442.64 ρ$	$P s = 163.63 - 22.833 e$
5	大洋多金属结核矿区东区南部丘陵	$P s = - 6.45 + 0.5124 h$	$P s = 202.3 - 0.7722 w$	$P s = - 689.37 + 575.98 ρ$	$P s = 172.46 - 23.786 e$
6	大洋多金属结核矿区西区北部丘陵	$P s = 4.25 + 0.2163 h$	$P s = 168.5 - 0.6336 w$	$P s = - 395.85 + 332.39 ρ$	$P s = 159.88 - 22.692 e$
7	大洋多金属结核矿区西区中部丘陵	$P s = 6.3 + 0.1737 h$	$P s = 149.61 - 0.5103 w$	$P s = - 541.63 + 449.93 ρ$	$P s = 137.18 - 17.5 e$
8	大洋多金属结核矿区西区南部丘陵	$P s = 3.85 + 0.2883 h$	$P s = 134.81 - 0.4896 w$	$P s = - 682.61 + 567.77 ρ$	$P s = 139.94 - 18.734 e$

Table 2 Prediction equation of penetration resistance variation with sampling depth, natural water content, density and void ratio

站位	取样区域	单因子线性拟合关系式
1	西太平洋马里亚纳海沟南部	$P s = 15.376 + 0.3665 h$	$P s = 69.506 - 0.1785 w$	$P s = - 329.36 + 286.03 ρ$	$P s = 73.83 - 7.8917 e$
2	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部丘陵	$P s = 2.95 + 0.1986 h$	$P s = 110.16 - 0.3816 w$	$P s = - 556.36 + 461.61 ρ$	$P s = 97.692 - 12.417 e$
3	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海岭裂谷	$P s = 1.85 + 0.2454 h$	$P s = 86.816 - 0.293 w$	$P s = - 384.2 + 322.01 ρ$	$P s = 80.238 - 9.8571 e$
4	大洋多金属结核矿区东区东部海山丘陵	$P s = 3.3 + 0.165 h$	$P s = 178.63 - 0.6699 w$	$P s = - 534.31 + 442.64 ρ$	$P s = 163.63 - 22.833 e$
5	大洋多金属结核矿区东区南部丘陵	$P s = - 6.45 + 0.5124 h$	$P s = 202.3 - 0.7722 w$	$P s = - 689.37 + 575.98 ρ$	$P s = 172.46 - 23.786 e$
6	大洋多金属结核矿区西区北部丘陵	$P s = 4.25 + 0.2163 h$	$P s = 168.5 - 0.6336 w$	$P s = - 395.85 + 332.39 ρ$	$P s = 159.88 - 22.692 e$
7	大洋多金属结核矿区西区中部丘陵	$P s = 6.3 + 0.1737 h$	$P s = 149.61 - 0.5103 w$	$P s = - 541.63 + 449.93 ρ$	$P s = 137.18 - 17.5 e$
8	大洋多金属结核矿区西区南部丘陵	$P s = 3.85 + 0.2883 h$	$P s = 134.81 - 0.4896 w$	$P s = - 682.61 + 567.77 ρ$	$P s = 139.94 - 18.734 e$

Table 3 Soil type coefficient of deep-sea sediments

土质类别	α	β	θ	K
砂质粉砂	-0.134 31	353.603 88	8.634 05	-431.585 74
黏土质粉砂	-0.212 38	122.431 12	-4.615 67	-52.654 58

Fig.12 Comparison of measured and calculated values

Table 4 Physical property indices of 15~20 cm sediments on the seabed surface

	内摩擦角/(°)	内聚力/kPa	湿密度/(g·cm^-3)	N_c	N_q	N_r
砂质粉砂	5.9~7.2	4.6~6.3	1.19~1.29	6.8~7.65	0.52~1.58	0.012~0.049
黏土质粉砂	5.9~12.0	4.0~12.0	1.2~1.27	6.8~9.27	0.52~2.63	0.012~0.064

Fig.13 Relationship between different track widths and the maximum bearing capacity

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