Heat Flow Characteristics in Marginal Seas of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.008

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, we combined the latest collected heat flow data to illustrate the heat flow characteristics of the marginal seas and their corresponding subduction systems in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.We analyzed the relationship between the heat flow distribution and the geological background of the deep tectonic activities, mainly focusing on the thermal structural theory of Northwestern Pacific subduction zone, the theoretical model of the thermal evolution of the marginal oceanic lithosphere, and the controlling factors of the local high anomalous heat flow. We summarized the geological significance of the heat flow in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The results show that the heat flux is characterized by “low-high-relatively high” from “trench” to “arc” to “marginal sea” of the “Trench-Arc-Sea” system in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and overall the back-arc region is uniformly hot. Heat flux of the Kuril-Kamchatka, Japan and Ryukyu trenches is about 30.0 mW/m², and their corresponding island arc heat flux value is two to three times above this value. The back-arc heat flow is likely affected by the thermal structure of the subduction zone. The small-scale mantle convection, caused by the changes of upper mantle viscosity because of the subducting slab dehydration, the decrease of seismic velocity and the lithosphere elastic thickness, can explain the uniformly-hot thermal state in the back-arc environment. The spatial-temporal heat flux distribution is also related to the age of the lithosphere. As the age of the lithosphere increases, the surface heat flux decreases. Magnitude and dispersibility of the heat flux in the marginal seas are in general negatively correlated with their formation time. Formation of the Sea of Okhotsk is relatively early (30-65 Ma), and thus the heat flux (86.8 mW/m²) and standard deviation (3.727) are relatively low. In contrast,the Okinawa Trough is still expanding, thus its heat flux (139.0 mW/m²) and standard deviation (7.001) are relatively high.Shallow groundwater circulation, fault, partial melting and magma activity in the deep mantle, small-scale mantle convection and the corner flow likely control the local anomalous heat flow in the back-arc systems.

Key words: marginal sea, heat flux, “Trench-Arc-Sea” system, thermal structure, subduction

CLC Number:

P736

JIANG Dexin, JIANG Kunpeng, ZHANG He, JIANG Zhenglong. Heat Flow Characteristics in Marginal Seas of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(01): 117-129.

Figures/Tables 7

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边缘海	数据/个	均值/ (mW/m²)	最大值/ (mW/m²)	最小值/ (mW/m²)	标准差
鄂霍次克海	469	86.8	543.9	6.0	3.727
日本海	1 029	92.1	569.0	3.0	3.922
南海	409	72.6	411.0	2.5	2.831
东海	408	139.0	945.0	9.6	7.001
菲律宾海	1 800	97.3	800.0	1.7	5.532
总计	4 115	97.5	945.0	1.7	5.543

边缘海	数据/个	均值/ (mW/m²)	最大值/ (mW/m²)	最小值/ (mW/m²)	标准差
鄂霍次克海	469	86.8	543.9	6.0	3.727
日本海	1 029	92.1	569.0	3.0	3.922
南海	409	72.6	411.0	2.5	2.831
东海	408	139.0	945.0	9.6	7.001
菲律宾海	1 800	97.3	800.0	1.7	5.532
总计	4 115	97.5	945.0	1.7	5.543

边缘海	热流均值/ (mW/m²)	标准差	形成时间/Ma	地壳性质 (厚度)			热源机制	边缘海成因	水热活动	沉积物厚度/m
鄂霍次克海	86.8	3.727	30~65	大洋型及过渡型 (15~30km)	高热流不活动型弧后盆地	终止扩张阶段	地幔热源	弧后扩张		2 000
日本海	92.1	3.922	20~40	大洋型及过渡型 (11~24km)	高热流不活动型弧后盆地	终止扩张阶段		弧后扩张
东海 (冲绳海槽)	139.0	7.001	0~5.3	洋陆混合过渡壳 (15~24km)	活动型弧后盆地	持续拉张阶段	幔源岩浆活动、热液循环	弧后扩张 (幔流底辟)	强	0~4 000
南海	72.6	2.831	15~32	大洋型 (4.4~9km)	活动型-不活动型弧后盆地	弧后塌陷阶段	地幔热源	弧后陆壳扩张	强 (北康盆地)
菲律宾海	97.3	5.532	35~60 (西菲律宾海) 15~28 (帕里西维拉海盆)	大洋型	高热流不活动型-活动型弧后盆地	持续拉张- 终止扩张阶段		弧后扩张		<300

边缘海	热流均值/ (mW/m²)	标准差	形成时间/Ma	地壳性质 (厚度)			热源机制	边缘海成因	水热活动	沉积物厚度/m
鄂霍次克海	86.8	3.727	30~65	大洋型及过渡型 (15~30km)	高热流不活动型弧后盆地	终止扩张阶段	地幔热源	弧后扩张		2 000
日本海	92.1	3.922	20~40	大洋型及过渡型 (11~24km)	高热流不活动型弧后盆地	终止扩张阶段		弧后扩张
东海 (冲绳海槽)	139.0	7.001	0~5.3	洋陆混合过渡壳 (15~24km)	活动型弧后盆地	持续拉张阶段	幔源岩浆活动、热液循环	弧后扩张 (幔流底辟)	强	0~4 000
南海	72.6	2.831	15~32	大洋型 (4.4~9km)	活动型-不活动型弧后盆地	弧后塌陷阶段	地幔热源	弧后陆壳扩张	强 (北康盆地)
菲律宾海	97.3	5.532	35~60 (西菲律宾海) 15~28 (帕里西维拉海盆)	大洋型	高热流不活动型-活动型弧后盆地	持续拉张- 终止扩张阶段		弧后扩张		<300