Geochemical Contrast in Sediments from Active and Inactive hydrothermal Fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2019.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The Longqi and Duanqiao areas are two typical active and inactive hydrothermal fields respectively on the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).For studying the geochemical features between these two regions, 59 seafloor sediments are compared with the material compositions, enrichment factors (EFs) and cluster analysis after major and trace elements test. The results reveal that the two regions show similarities in high contents of biogenic (e.g.Ca, Sr and Ba) and surrounding rock elements (e.g.Fe, Mg, Si and Al),and differences in structure, surrounding rock condition and hydrothermal activities, leading to differential geochemical behaviors of their sediments. We found extra ultramafic rock components in the sediments of Longqi area, where sediments are relatively enrich in hydrothermal elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe and Co. The higher contents of biogenic components in the Duanqiao area, where the hydrothermal related elements are characterized by the obvious enrichment of Pb and W, reflect the biological sedimentation playing dominant roles after hydrothermal activities stopped. Furthermore, the R type cluster analysis gives expression to the extra ultramafic components solely in Longqi area and close connections between hydrothermal activities and mafic base rock in Duanqiao area.

Key words: southwest Indian ridge, active and inactive hydrothermal field, sediment, elemental geochemistry

CLC Number:

P736

SONG Bei, SU Xin, LÜ Shihui, NI Jianyu, LIAO Shili, TAO Chunhui, HU Maokang, LI Shiyun, YU Chonghan. Geochemical Contrast in Sediments from Active and Inactive hydrothermal Fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(01): 130-140.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Maps showing tectonic settings of the study area and locations of samples(location of the hydrothermal fields from reference [6], base map of geotectonic setting from GeoMap App, topographic data from www.gebco.net)

Fig.2 Box plots of major and trace elements of sediments in the study area

Table 1 Statistics of the element compositions of the sediment samples from the study area

元素	龙旂热液区				断桥热液区
元素	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差
SiO₂	2.30	37.98	9.49	10.47	1.53	31.24	6.60	10.56
Al₂O₃	0.79	7.57	2.37	1.84	0.54	9.47	1.82	3.23
TFe₂O₃	0.61	9.03	2.05	2.57	0.29	7.84	1.21	2.78
MgO	0.40	36.30	1.62	8.24	0.40	4.87	0.77	1.60
CaO	2.01	50.03	43.24	13.26	25.42	53.05	47.61	9.49
Na₂O	0.41	2.10	1.46	0.29	0.92	2.59	1.40	0.48
K₂O	0.03	0.34	0.20	0.07	0.10	0.32	0.16	0.05
MnO	0.03	0.29	0.08	0.06	0.02	0.23	0.08	0.06
TiO₂	0.04	0.62	0.13	0.17	0.03	0.89	0.13	0.31
P₂O₅	0.01	0.16	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.03
Li	2.57	12.05	6.35	2.04	3.33	11.10	4.58	1.86
Be	0.03	0.44	0.20	0.07	0.09	0.51	0.15	0.12
V	11.45	145.14	37.70	38.96	9.84	223.00	30.50	76.65
Cr	0.11	1 814.70	37.70	477.80	6.02	153.00	17.50	47.33
Co	6.10	125.00	19.80	26.50	6.76	152.00	27.70	38.15
Ni	21.00	1 575.00	43.70	348.81	20.80	90.70	42.30	17.10
Cu	19.87	1 238.00	69.40	213.56	9.67	148.00	31.60	38.05
Zn	12.79	210.00	38.20	46.16	15.80	100.00	28.65	29.95
Sr	101.00	1 694.00	1 239.00	418.12	658.45	1 540.00	1 248.00	263.45
Y	1.52	25.80	13.40	4.37	5.53	30.10	12.25	7.04
Mo	0.16	4.83	0.35	0.84	0.17	0.85	0.32	0.22
Cd	0.03	0.70	0.26	0.12	0.13	0.72	0.30	0.15
Rb	0.32	10.70	7.05	2.62	2.36	7.05	4.27	1.18
Cs	0.02	0.84	0.39	0.19	0.12	0.49	0.25	0.09
Ba	6.41	735.00	409.00	170.60	46.70	381.00	206.50	92.87
W	0.19	289.00	10.40	46.82	0.26	323.00	29.80	85.20
Pb	0.72	7.04	3.89	1.35	3.64	44.80	9.23	8.95
Th	0.04	1.30	0.79	0.30	0.31	1.11	0.66	0.19
U	0.16	2.06	0.31	0.35	0.14	0.52	0.28	0.09
Zr	3.29	52.70	15.00	10.62	5.44	72.70	14.75	22.27
LREE	1.80	37.10	24.65	7.27	16.23	45.58	23.22	8.13
HREE	0.98	14.09	7.01	2.45	3.32	19.05	6.20	4.89
REE	2.78	48.60	31.15	8.90	20.20	55.39	30.63	11.22
LREE/HREE	1.35	4.63	3.46	0.91	1.59	5.26	3.94	1.13
(La/Yb $) N *$	0.72	6.59	3.95	1.63	1.06	7.54	4.25	1.84
δEu^*	0.74	1.25	1.03	0.15	0.01	4.85	0.22	1.31
δCe^*	0.51	1.23	0.58	0.12	0.07	0.29	0.12	0.05
C $e anom **$	-0.36	0.03	-0.27	0.06	-0.28	0.18	-0.18	0.11

Table 1 Statistics of the element compositions of the sediment samples from the study area

元素	龙旂热液区				断桥热液区
元素	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差	最小值	最大值	中位数	标准差
SiO₂	2.30	37.98	9.49	10.47	1.53	31.24	6.60	10.56
Al₂O₃	0.79	7.57	2.37	1.84	0.54	9.47	1.82	3.23
TFe₂O₃	0.61	9.03	2.05	2.57	0.29	7.84	1.21	2.78
MgO	0.40	36.30	1.62	8.24	0.40	4.87	0.77	1.60
CaO	2.01	50.03	43.24	13.26	25.42	53.05	47.61	9.49
Na₂O	0.41	2.10	1.46	0.29	0.92	2.59	1.40	0.48
K₂O	0.03	0.34	0.20	0.07	0.10	0.32	0.16	0.05
MnO	0.03	0.29	0.08	0.06	0.02	0.23	0.08	0.06
TiO₂	0.04	0.62	0.13	0.17	0.03	0.89	0.13	0.31
P₂O₅	0.01	0.16	0.07	0.03	0.04	0.14	0.06	0.03
Li	2.57	12.05	6.35	2.04	3.33	11.10	4.58	1.86
Be	0.03	0.44	0.20	0.07	0.09	0.51	0.15	0.12
V	11.45	145.14	37.70	38.96	9.84	223.00	30.50	76.65
Cr	0.11	1 814.70	37.70	477.80	6.02	153.00	17.50	47.33
Co	6.10	125.00	19.80	26.50	6.76	152.00	27.70	38.15
Ni	21.00	1 575.00	43.70	348.81	20.80	90.70	42.30	17.10
Cu	19.87	1 238.00	69.40	213.56	9.67	148.00	31.60	38.05
Zn	12.79	210.00	38.20	46.16	15.80	100.00	28.65	29.95
Sr	101.00	1 694.00	1 239.00	418.12	658.45	1 540.00	1 248.00	263.45
Y	1.52	25.80	13.40	4.37	5.53	30.10	12.25	7.04
Mo	0.16	4.83	0.35	0.84	0.17	0.85	0.32	0.22
Cd	0.03	0.70	0.26	0.12	0.13	0.72	0.30	0.15
Rb	0.32	10.70	7.05	2.62	2.36	7.05	4.27	1.18
Cs	0.02	0.84	0.39	0.19	0.12	0.49	0.25	0.09
Ba	6.41	735.00	409.00	170.60	46.70	381.00	206.50	92.87
W	0.19	289.00	10.40	46.82	0.26	323.00	29.80	85.20
Pb	0.72	7.04	3.89	1.35	3.64	44.80	9.23	8.95
Th	0.04	1.30	0.79	0.30	0.31	1.11	0.66	0.19
U	0.16	2.06	0.31	0.35	0.14	0.52	0.28	0.09
Zr	3.29	52.70	15.00	10.62	5.44	72.70	14.75	22.27
LREE	1.80	37.10	24.65	7.27	16.23	45.58	23.22	8.13
HREE	0.98	14.09	7.01	2.45	3.32	19.05	6.20	4.89
REE	2.78	48.60	31.15	8.90	20.20	55.39	30.63	11.22
LREE/HREE	1.35	4.63	3.46	0.91	1.59	5.26	3.94	1.13
(La/Yb $) N *$	0.72	6.59	3.95	1.63	1.06	7.54	4.25	1.84
δEu^*	0.74	1.25	1.03	0.15	0.01	4.85	0.22	1.31
δCe^*	0.51	1.23	0.58	0.12	0.07	0.29	0.12	0.05
C $e anom **$	-0.36	0.03	-0.27	0.06	-0.28	0.18	-0.18	0.11

Fig.3 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of sediments samples from the study area (data of chondrite-normalization from reference [48], basalt and peridotite from reference [52], and sulfide from reference [53])

Fig.4 Discriminant results of compositions of sediment samples from the study area (data of basalt from references[52] and [58], peridotite from references [52] and [59])

Fig.5 Plots of enrichment factor of geochemical elements for samples vs.distance from the proximal hydrothermal site

Fig.6 Cluster analysis of geochemical elements of sediment samples from the study area

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