Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Geochemistry Characteristics of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit, Liaoning Province, China

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.04.01

Abstract

Abstract:

The Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit is located in the northern North China Craton, eastern Liaoning Province, NE China. The strata in the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit are composed of the marble and schist of the Dashiqiao and Gaixian formations of the Proterozoic Liaohe Group. The faults control the distribution of the ore bodies. The ores contain quartz vein and altered rock types. The wall-rock alterations in the deposit can be divided into silicification, sericitization and carbonatization. Three stages of mineralization were identified, with the early stage represented by quartz±pyrite vein, the middle stage by quartz-polymetallic sulfide vein, and the late stage by quartz-carbonate vein. Four types of fluid inclusions were distinguished: liquid-rich two-phase, gas-rich two-phase, CO₂-bearing and pure CO₂ fluid inclusions. The early stage quartz only contains liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions with salinities of 5.9 to 14.3 wt.% NaCl equiv. and homogenization temperature of 311 to 408 ℃. The middle stage quartz contains all four types of fluid inclusions, of which liquid-rich two-phase, gas-rich two-phase, CO₂-bearing fluid inclusions yield homogenization temperatures of 268 to 376 ℃, salinities of 4.1 to 13.0 wt.% NaCl equiv. In the late stage quartz only the liquid-rich two-phase fluid inclusions were observed, which have relatively low salinities of 1.6 to 7.6 wt.% NaCl equiv. and relatively low homogenization temperatures of 201 to 254 ℃. The ore-forming fluid is characterized by medium temperature, low salinity and CO₂-rich, roughly belonging to H₂O-NaCl±CO₂ system. The fluid phase separation or immiscibility in the middle stage caused rapid precipitation of ore-forming materials. The δ¹⁸O_Wvalues of the ore-forming fluid vary from 0.3‰ to 2.3‰, and δD_W values vary from -99.8‰ to -96.2‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluid derived mainly from magmatic fluid mixed with minor metamorphic water and meteoric water. δ³⁴S of metallic sulfides ranges from +4.6‰ to +12.9‰. Pb isotopic ratios of metallic sulfides show small variations: ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.671 to 18.361, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.569 to 15.659 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=37.695 to 37.937. Sulfur and lead isotopes suggest that the ore-forming materials were derived from the metamorphic rocks of the Liaohe Group and Late Triassic magmatic rocks. ³He/⁴He ratio of fluid inclusions in pyrite ranges from 0.27 to 0.53 Ra. The mantle helium involved in the ore-forming fluid is 2.9% to 5.8%, which implies mantle-and crust-derived fluids were involved in the gold mineralization together.

Key words: fluid inclusion, isotopic chemistry, Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit, Liaodong Peninsula

CLC Number:

P618.51
P597

LIU Jun, LIU Fuxing, LI Shenghui, DUAN Chao. Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Geochemistry Characteristics of the Xiaotongjiapuzi Gold Deposit, Liaoning Province, China[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(04): 631-645.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Sketch geological map of the Liaodong Peninsula, showing distribution of major gold deposits in the Liaodong Peninsula(modified after reference [19])

Fig.2 Geological map and distribution of mineral deposits of the Qingchengzi region①

Fig.3 Geological map of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit(modified after reference [9])

Fig.4 Geological cross section of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified after reference [27])

Fig.5 Photographs and photomicrographs of ores from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

Fig.6 Photomicrographs of representative fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

Table 1 Microthermometry data and relative parameters of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	测试数量	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	?(CO₂)/ %	$t m (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_m(ice)/ ℃	t_{m (cla)}/ ℃	$t h (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_h/ ℃	盐度/% NaCl eqv	密度/ (g/cm³)
早	I	84	4~7	10~30			-10.3~-3.6			311~408	5.9~14.3	0.67~0.79
中	Ⅰ	99	4~9	10~40			-9.1~-2.6			268~371	4.3~13.0	0.71~0.88
	Ⅱ	12	4~8	55~75			-5.8~-3.9			341~361	6.3~9.0	0.67~0.71
	Ⅲ	14	4~7		55~85	-57.1~-56.7		6.5~7.9	11.5~15.2	323~376	4.1~6.5	0.92~0.94
	Ⅳ	14	4~8			-57.0~-56.7			11.4~15.1
晚	Ⅰ	54	4~7	10~30			-4.8~-0.9			201~254	1.6~7.6	0.82~0.90

Table 1 Microthermometry data and relative parameters of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

成矿阶段	包裹体类型	测试数量	大小/ μm	气液比/ %	?(CO₂)/ %	$t m (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_m(ice)/ ℃	t_{m (cla)}/ ℃	$t h (C O 2)$ / ℃	t_h/ ℃	盐度/% NaCl eqv	密度/ (g/cm³)
早	I	84	4~7	10~30			-10.3~-3.6			311~408	5.9~14.3	0.67~0.79
中	Ⅰ	99	4~9	10~40			-9.1~-2.6			268~371	4.3~13.0	0.71~0.88
	Ⅱ	12	4~8	55~75			-5.8~-3.9			341~361	6.3~9.0	0.67~0.71
	Ⅲ	14	4~7		55~85	-57.1~-56.7		6.5~7.9	11.5~15.2	323~376	4.1~6.5	0.92~0.94
	Ⅳ	14	4~8			-57.0~-56.7			11.4~15.1
晚	Ⅰ	54	4~7	10~30			-4.8~-0.9			201~254	1.6~7.6	0.82~0.90

Fig.7 Histograms of salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

Fig.8 Laser Raman spectra of fluid inclusions from the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

Table 2 H and O isotope compositions of the Xiaotongjiapuzi deposit

样号	样品描述	成矿阶段	分析对象	δD_W/‰	δ¹⁸O_mineral/‰	δ¹⁸O_W/‰	计算温度/℃
LX-12	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-96.2	5.7	0.5	353
LX-14	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-98.1	6.3	1.1	355
LX-15	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-99.8	5.6	0.3	351
LX-16	石英-多金属硫化物脉	中	石英	-98.8	7.4	2.3	357

Table 3 S and Pb isotopic compositions of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

样号	样品描述	分析矿物	δ³⁴S/‰	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	2σ
LX-1.1	石英-多金属硫化物脉	闪锌矿	5.1	37.708	0.003	15.574	0.001	17.701	0.002
LX-1.2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	方铅矿	4.6	37.716	0.003	15.578	0.001	17.697	0.002
LX-2.1	石英-多金属硫化物脉	闪锌矿	6.1	37.804	0.004	15.605	0.002	17.729	0.001
LX-2.2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	方铅矿	5.4	37.695	0.004	15.569	0.002	17.690	0.002
LX-4	石英-多金属硫化物脉	黄铁矿	6.9	37.695	0.004	15.579	0.002	17.671	0.002
LX-9	石英-多金属硫化物脉	毒砂	8.7	37.937	0.004	15.648	0.001	17.688	0.002
LX-22	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	12.9	37.890	0.004	15.659	0.001	18.361	0.002
LX-21	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	10.5
LX-24	蚀变岩型金矿石	黄铁矿	8.5

Table 4 Helium and argon isotopic components of the inclusion-trapped fluid in pyrite from the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

样号	样品描述	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁶Ar/³⁸Ar	³He/⁴He/10^-6	R/Ra	⁴⁰Ar/10^-8	⁴He/10^-8	He_mantle/%
LX-2	石英-多金属硫化物脉	671.6±1.1	5.41±0.01	0.64±0.02	0.46	188.9	185.1	5.0
LX-5	石英-多金属硫化物脉	362.2±0.3	5.45±0.01	0.74±0.04	0.53	183.9	214.9	5.8
LX-6	石英-多金属硫化物脉	1113.1±2.6	5.40±0.02	0.67±0.06	0.48	239.8	226.9	5.2
LX-8	石英-多金属硫化物脉	612.6±0.7	5.35±0.01	0.38±0.02	0.27	273.8	536.3	2.9
LX-9	石英-多金属硫化物脉	681.9±1.4	5.41±0.02	0.73±0.02	0.52	155.5	167.8	5.7

Fig.9 Diagram of homogenization temperature vs salinity of fluid inclusions in the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit

Fig.10 δDW vs δ18OW diagram of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified after reference [36])

Fig.11 He isotope composition of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit (modified from reference [44])

Fig.12 Pb isotopic evolution diagrams of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit ((a),(b)) and Qingchengzi Pb-Zn-Au-Ag ore concentration area ((c), (d)) (modified after reference [48])

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