基于离散元数值模拟的雪峰山前陆褶皱冲断带齐岳山分界断裂性质与形成过程

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

NE向分布的齐岳山断裂将雪峰山前陆褶皱冲断带划分为西北部的川东隔挡式褶皱冲断带和东南部的湘西隔槽式褶皱冲断带。然而,齐岳山断裂的性质和形成过程长期以来缺乏明确共识,导致对雪峰山前陆褶皱冲断带的形成机制和演化过程存在显著分歧。为揭示齐岳山断裂的形成机制及其对两侧构造变形差异的控制作用,本文基于地震反射剖面解释,采用离散元数值模拟方法设计5组模型进行实验研究。研究结果表明,若存在先存断裂,变形集中于其部位,影响断层生成顺序;若无先存断裂且多套滑脱层具有较低内聚力,变形主要沿下部滑脱层传递;当中间滑脱层厚度大于下部滑脱层时,变形主要受中间滑脱层控制。结合地震剖面的分析,本文认为雪峰山前陆褶皱冲断带表现为“双层台阶式断弯褶皱带”,齐岳山断裂形成于前陆褶皱冲断带的递进变形过程中,其两侧构造差异主要受基底滑脱层分布和寒武系滑脱层力学性质的主导作用。湘西隔槽式褶皱冲断带由深层断弯褶皱控制,而川东隔挡式褶皱冲断带由浅层断弯褶皱控制。

关键词: 雪峰山, 前陆褶皱冲断带, 齐岳山断裂, 离散元数值模拟, 多滑脱层

Abstract:

The NE-trending Qiyueshan Fault divides the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt into the northwestern Eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt and the southeastern Western Hunan fold-and-thrust belt. However, the nature and formation process of the Qiyueshan Fault remain debated, resulting in significant discrepancies in understanding the formation and evolution mechanisms of the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt. To investigate the formation of the Qiyueshan Fault and its control on differential deformation on both sides, seismic reflection profiles were interpreted, and five discrete element numerical simulation models were designed for experimental analysis. The results reveal that pre-existing faults localize deformation and influence the sequence of fault generation. In contrast, without pre-existing faults, deformation predominantly propagates along the lower detachment layer under weak cohesion. When the thickness of the middle detachment layer exceeds that of the lower detachment layer, deformation is governed by the middle detachment layer, leading to partial decoupling of the competent layers above and below it. Based on a comparison with seismic reflection profiles, the Xuefengshan foreland fold-and-thrust belt is characterized as a “double-step fault-bend fold system.” The Qiyueshan Fault formed during progressive deformation of the foreland belt, and the structural differences across the fault are primarily controlled by the distribution of the basal detachment layer and the mechanical properties of the Cambrian detachment layer. The Western Hunan fold-and-thrust belt is governed by deep-seated fault-bend folding, while the Eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt is controlled by shallow fault-bend folding.

Key words: Xuefengshan, foreland fold-and-thrust belt, Qiyueshan Fault, discrete element method, multiple-detachment

中图分类号:

P542.2
P631

王帅杰, 颜丹平, 周志成, 孔霏, 景含阳, 廖威. 基于离散元数值模拟的雪峰山前陆褶皱冲断带齐岳山分界断裂性质与形成过程[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(01): 18-30.

WANG Shuaijie, YAN Danping, ZHOU Zhicheng, KONG Fei, JING Hanyang, LIAO Wei. Tectonic Characteristics and Evolution of the Qiyueshan Fault in the Xuefengshan Foreland Fold-and-Thrust Belt: Insights from Discrete Element Numerical Simulations[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(01): 18-30.

图/表 10

图1 雪峰山前陆冲断带构造纲要图(a)(修改自Li等[12])和湘鄂西隔槽式褶皱冲断带-川东隔挡式褶皱冲断带深地反射解释剖面(b)(修改自Li等[28]) F1.安化—溆浦断裂;F2. 慈利—保靖断裂;F3. 龙山—鹤峰断裂;F4. 建始—彭水断裂;F5. 齐岳山—习水断裂;F6. 遵义—南川断裂;F7. 华蓥山断裂;F8. 城口断裂;J1-2.中—下侏罗统;T.三叠系;P.二叠系;S.志留系;O.奥陶系;Є.寒武系;Z.震旦系;Pt.元古宇

Fig.1 Outline diagram of the foreland thrust zone of Xuefeng Mountain (a)(modified from Li et al.[12]) and geological cross-section across the thick-skinned western Hunan-Hubei and thin-skinned eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belts constructed from the interpreted SINOPROBE deep seismic reflection profiles (b)(modified from Li et al.[28])

图2 川东地区综合柱状图(修改自吴航等[3]和Li等[38])

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the eastern Sichuan(modified from Wu et al.[3] and Li et al.[38])

图3 离散元数值模拟方法原理模型(修改自辛文等[48]和Dean等[51], 图中符号意义说明见正文)

Fig.3 Theoretical model of discrete element method(modified from Xin et al.[48] and Dean et al.[51])

图4 初始模型图((a)—(e))和颗粒初始厚度以及滑脱层单元(f)

Fig.4 Initial model diagram ((a) to (e)) and initial particles thickness and detachment unit (f)

表1 模拟实验颗粒参数

Table 1 Particle properties for simulations

地层单元	颗粒半径(m)	密度(kg/m³)	泊松比	剪切模量(10⁹Pa)	杨氏模量(10⁸Pa)	摩擦系数	地层颜色
能干层	(60,80)	2500	0.2	2.9	2	0.3	●●
弱非能干层	(60,80)	2200	0.2	2.9	2	0	●
中非能干层	(60,80)	2200	0.2	2.9	2	0.1	●
强非能干层	(60,80)	2200	0.2	2.9	2	0.2	●
断层	(60,80)	2500	0.2	2.9	-	0	●

图5 模型1(a)在缩短量分别为14 km(b)、28 km(c)、42 km(d)的递进演化和其对应的体积应变((e)—(g))

Fig.5 Progressive evolution of model 1(a) in shortening 14 km(b), 28 km(c), 42 km(d) and the corresponding volumetric strain ((e)-(g))

图6 模型2(a)在缩短量分别为14 km(b)、28 km(c)、42 km(d)的递进演化和其对应的体积应变((e)—(g))

Fig.6 Progressive evolution of model 2 (a) in shortening 14 km(b), 28 km(c), 42 km(d) and the corresponding volumetric strain ((e)-(g))

图7 模型3(a)在缩短量分别为14 km(b)、28 km(c)和42 km(d)的递进演化及其对应的体积应变((e)—(g))

Fig.7 Progressive evolution of model 3(a) in shortening 14 km (b), 28 km (c) and 42 km (d), and the corresponding volumetric strain ((e)-(g))

图8 模型4(a)在缩短量分别为14 km(b)、28 km(c)、42 km(d)的递进演化和其对应的体积应变((e)—(g))

Fig.8 Progressive evolution of model 4(a) in shortening 14 km(b), 28 km(c), 42 km(d) and the corresponding volumetric strain ((e)-(g))

图9 模型5(a)在缩短量分别为14 km(b)、28 km(c)、42 km(d)的递进演化和其对应的体积应变((e)—(g))

Fig.9 Progressive evolution of model 5(a) in shortening 14 km(b), 28 km(c), 42 km(d) and the corresponding volumetric strain ((e)-(g))

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