川北寒武系碳酸盐岩压溶作用的影响因素

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.099

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

前人对缝合线的研究多倾向于定性描述,缺乏缝合线特征(密度和幅度)与矿物成分含量、结构组分和岩相的定量分析。本文明确缝合线密度和幅度与岩石不同矿物含量、不同结构组分和不同岩相之间的定量关系,阐明研究区缝合线的形成的控制因素。综合四川盆地北部寒武系碳酸盐岩野外露头、岩心及薄片等资料,对川北寒武系碳酸盐岩缝合线特征、矿物成分含量、结构组分和岩相进行定量统计。结果表明:(1)碳酸盐岩中混入陆源碎屑,导致岩石非均质性增强,陆源碎屑含量为10%~15%,有助于缝合线的形成;(2)当岩石不含基质,颗粒含量在50%~70%、胶结物含量在25%~30%时,具有较强的抗压溶能力;(3)同一井不同岩相的抗压溶的能力存在差异,颗粒白云岩、混积岩、晶粒白云岩和泥晶白云岩缝合线密度和幅度逐渐增加,表明它们的抗压溶能力逐渐减弱。

关键词: 四川盆地, 寒武系, 碳酸盐岩, 压溶作用, 影响因素

Abstract:

Previous studies of the stylolites prefer qualitative analysis, lacking quantitative analysis of mineral composition, textures, lithofacies and their impacts on stylolites (density and amplitude).The paper clarifies the quantitative relationship between the density and amplitude of stylolites, mineral composition, rock textures and lithofacies, and expounds the controlling factors of stylolite formation in the study area.Based on the database of outcrops, cores and thin sections, the stylolite characteristics, mineral composition, textures and lithofacies of Cambrian carbonate in the northern Sichuan Basin are quantitatively evaluated.The results by the observations of cores and microscope show that: (1) The terrigenous clastics in carbonates leads to the enhancement of rock heterogeneity, which facilitates the formation of stylolite with a content of 10%-15%; (2) The carbonates are strongly resistant to pressure solution, with a content of 50%-70% grains, 25%-30% cements, and no matrix; (3) Different lithofacies of one well could have different resistance to pressure dissolution.The density and amplitude of stylolites increase successively from granular dolostone, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate rocks, and crystalline dolostone through micrite dolostone in the same well, indicating that their resistance to pressure dissolution decreases gradually.

Key words: Sichuan Basin, Cambrian, carbonate, pressure dissolution, controlling factor

中图分类号:

P534.41

胡力文, 邹华耀, 杨伟强, 黎霆, 邓成昆, 程忠贞, 诸丹诚, 陈星岳. 川北寒武系碳酸盐岩压溶作用的影响因素[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(05): 1221-1231.

HU Liwen, ZOU Huayao, YANG Weiqiang, LI Ting, DENG Chengkun, CHENG Zhongzhen, ZHU Dancheng, CHEN Xingyue. Controlling Factors of Pressure Dissolution of Cambrian Carbonate in the Northern Sichuan[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(05): 1221-1231.

图/表 10

图1 研究区位置及地层柱状图

Fig.1 Location and stratigraphic column of the study area

图2 川北仙女洞组、龙王庙组、洗象池组镜下岩石薄片照片 (a)鲕粒灰岩,压溶,仙女洞组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(b)残余含云鲕粒灰岩,仙女洞组,大两会剖面,单偏光,铸体薄片;(c)生物灰岩,古杯生物,仙女洞组,大两会剖面,单偏光,铸体薄片;(d)砂屑灰岩,可见砾屑,仙女洞组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(e)泥晶灰岩,孔隙不发育,仙女洞组,镇巴巴山,单偏光,普通薄片;(f)钙质砂岩,仙女洞组,大两会剖面,正交光,普通薄片;(g)砂屑白云岩,可见砾屑,龙王庙组,大两会剖面,单偏光,铸体薄片;(h)残余颗粒白云岩,龙王庙组,大两会剖面,垫纸增强光,单偏光,铸体薄片;(i)残余鲕粒白云岩,可见鲕粒轮廓,龙王庙组,大两会剖面,单偏光,铸体薄片;(j)泥晶白云岩,发育缝合线,龙王庙组,南江杨坝剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(k)云质砂岩,龙王庙组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(l)云质砂岩,龙王庙组,大两会剖面,正交光,普通薄片;(m)砂屑白云岩,洗象池组,马深1井,单偏光,普通薄片;(n)粉晶白云岩,洗象池组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(o)泥晶白云岩,发育缝合线,洗象池组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片;(p)砂质白云岩,洗象池组,大两会剖面,单偏光,普通薄片

Fig.2 Microscopic photos of Xiannüdong Fm, Longwangmiao Fm and Xixiangchi Fm in the northern Sichuan Basin

图3 川北寒武系岩心和镜下薄片缝合线类型 (a)简单波状型,马深1井,岩心;(b)缝合/尖峰型,马深1井,岩心;(c)地震锯齿型,马深1井,岩心;(d)简单波状型,马深1井,镜下薄片,单偏光,普通薄片;(e)缝合/尖峰型,马深1井,镜下薄片,单偏光,普通薄片;(f)地震锯齿型,大两会剖面,镜下薄片,单偏光,普通薄片

Fig.3 Cores and microscopic photos of stylolites of the Cambrian in the northern Sichuan Basin

图4 缝合线密度和幅度与陆源碎屑含量关系直方图

Fig.4 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus terrigenous clastic content

图5 缝合线密度和幅度与白云石含量关系直方图

Fig.5 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus dolomite content

图6 缝合线密度和幅度与方解石含量关系直方图

Fig.6 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus calcite content

图7 缝合线密度和幅度与颗粒含量关系直方图

Fig.7 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus grain content

图8 缝合线密度和幅度与胶结物含量关系直方图

Fig.8 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus cement content

图9 缝合线密度和幅度与基质含量关系直方图

Fig.9 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus matrix content

图10 缝合线密度和幅度与不同岩相关系直方图

Fig.10 Histograms of density and amplitude of stylolites versus lithofacies

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