危地马拉翡翠宝石矿物学特征及其与缅甸翡翠的对比研究

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.23

现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (06): 1769-1788.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.23

危地马拉翡翠宝石矿物学特征及其与缅甸翡翠的对比研究

邢碧倩¹(), 施光海¹(), 张锦洪², 龙楚³, 张昱¹, 何立言³, 胡汝杰⁴

1.中国地质大学(北京) 珠宝学院,北京 100083
2.汇玉堂玉文化博物馆,广东四会 526200
3.广东省珠宝玉石及贵金属检测中心,广东广州 510080
4.广东省珠宝玉石文化创意协会,广东佛山 528251

收稿日期:2021-03-10 修回日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-12-10 发布日期:2022-02-14
通讯作者: 施光海
作者简介:施光海,男,教授,博士生导师,1968年出生,矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业,主要从事宝玉石矿床学方面的研究及教学工作。Email: shigh@cugb.edu.cn。
邢碧倩,女,博士研究生,1994年出生,宝石学专业,主要从事宝石矿物、岩石、矿床学方面的研究。Email: xingbiqian@email.cugb.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金委基础科学中心项目“克拉通破坏与陆地生物演化”(41688103)

Characteristics of the Guatemalan Feicui and Its Comparison to the Myanmar Feicui

XING Biqian¹(), SHI Guanghai¹(), ZHANG Jinhong², LONG Chu³, ZHANG Yu¹, HE Liyan³, HU Rujie⁴

1. School of Gemmology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. The World of Jade Museum & Exhibition Center, Sihui, Guangdong 526200, China
3. Guangdong Gemstone & Precious Metals Testing Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
4. Guangdong Gems & Jewelry Culture Creative Association,Foshan, Guangdong 528251, China

Received:2021-03-10 Revised:2021-04-26 Online:2021-12-10 Published:2022-02-14
Contact: SHI Guanghai

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

危地马拉目前已成为仅次于缅甸的第二大翡翠原料供应地。这两个产地翡翠辨别的需求愈发迫切,且应用意义较大。采用显微镜观察、电子探针分析及背散射电子照相获得危地马拉蓝水料翡翠的矿物成分及结构构造特征,结合两产地翡翠产出的大地构造环境、自然地理环境、原石特征与矿物成分特征等进行对比分析。总体上,危地马拉翡翠次生原石有一定的磨圆,呈次棱角状,“皮”(风化皮)厚度较薄,较少出现翻砂现象,由“皮”向里,极少甚至几乎不存在“红雾”。相对地,缅甸翡翠次生原石发育显著的球状风化,原石通常有较好的磨圆度,棱角状不明显,“皮”厚度可达数厘米,用手压磨有显著的翻砂现象, “皮”“肉”之间偶可见“红雾”。硬玉与绿辉石成分判别图显示危地马拉翡翠中硬玉和绿辉石呈相对富Ca、贫Na的特征,而缅甸翡翠中硬玉和绿辉石整体呈相对贫Ca、富Na的特征。在Fe含量上,危地马拉翡翠中硬玉的Fe含量较缅甸翡翠中硬玉的Fe含量偏低,而危地马拉翡翠中绿辉石的Fe含量较缅甸翡翠中绿辉石的Fe含量偏高。对翡翠外观特征的充分对比和对判别图的综合分析可应用于实际中翡翠产地的区分。

关键词: 翡翠, 危地马拉, 硬玉, 绿辉石, 产地鉴别

Abstract:

Guatemala is the second largest producing area of feicui after Myanmar. The demand for the identification of feicui from the two origin areas is becoming more and more urgent, which is of great significance. The mineral composition, texture and structure characteristics of Guatemalan blue water jade were obtained by microscope observation, electron microprobe test and back-scattered electron images (BSE). Combined with the data of the tectonic environment, natural geographical environment, rough stone characteristics, and mineral composition characteristics of feicui from the two producing areas, a comparative analysis was made. The results show that compared with Myanmar jade, the weathered crust of the Guatemalan feicui is less rounded but thinner, with less granular tactile sensation, and little or almost no “red fog” from the skin inward. On the other hand, there are significant spherical weathering characters in the rough stones of Myanmar, the weathering crust is usually well rounded, thicker, and gritty to the touch. “Red fog” can be occasionally seen between the weathering crust and jade of the Myanmar feicui. The discriminant diagram of jadeite and omphacite composition shows the jadeite and omphacite from Guatemala appear relatively rich in Ca, and poor in Na, while the jadeite and omphacite from Myanmar are relatively poor in Ca, rich in Na. In terms of Fe content, the jadeite in the Guatemalan feicui is lower than that in the Myanmar feicui, while the omphacite in the Guatemalan feicui is higher than that in the Myanmar feicui. It can be used to distinguish the origin of feicui in actual production by comparing the appearance characteristics of feicui fully and analyzing the discriminant map comprehensively.

Key words: feicui, Guatemala, jadeite, omphacite, identification of origin

中图分类号:

P578.954

邢碧倩, 施光海, 张锦洪, 龙楚, 张昱, 何立言, 胡汝杰. 危地马拉翡翠宝石矿物学特征及其与缅甸翡翠的对比研究[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(06): 1769-1788.

XING Biqian, SHI Guanghai, ZHANG Jinhong, LONG Chu, ZHANG Yu, HE Liyan, HU Rujie. Characteristics of the Guatemalan Feicui and Its Comparison to the Myanmar Feicui[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(06): 1769-1788.

图/表 10

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编号	颜色	光泽	透明度	手标本描述	折射率	相对密度
GJ-3	绿蓝色	玻璃光泽	亚透明	基质部分质地细腻且具半定向构造,为隐晶质结构,解理与翠性不显著,透明度好,肉眼可见1条极细的后期结晶脉(图3a)	1.663	3.33
GJ-1	蓝绿色	玻璃光泽	亚透明	GJ-1较GJ-3更偏绿色调,结构细腻,为隐晶质结构,解理与翠性不显著,透明度较好(图3b)	1.662	3.33
G19-8	浅蓝绿色	玻璃光泽	半透明	细粒变晶结构,肉眼可见1条后期结晶脉(图3c),基质部分质地较细腻,透明度较好	1.657	3.22
Mp1-1	淡绿色	玻璃光泽	半透明	“玉肉”呈淡绿色,具有明显的细粒状变晶结构(图3d),反射光下可见粒间充填低反射率的后期矿物	1.659	3.23

编号	颜色	光泽	透明度	手标本描述	折射率	相对密度
GJ-3	绿蓝色	玻璃光泽	亚透明	基质部分质地细腻且具半定向构造,为隐晶质结构,解理与翠性不显著,透明度好,肉眼可见1条极细的后期结晶脉(图3a)	1.663	3.33
GJ-1	蓝绿色	玻璃光泽	亚透明	GJ-1较GJ-3更偏绿色调,结构细腻,为隐晶质结构,解理与翠性不显著,透明度较好(图3b)	1.662	3.33
G19-8	浅蓝绿色	玻璃光泽	半透明	细粒变晶结构,肉眼可见1条后期结晶脉(图3c),基质部分质地较细腻,透明度较好	1.657	3.22
Mp1-1	淡绿色	玻璃光泽	半透明	“玉肉”呈淡绿色,具有明显的细粒状变晶结构(图3d),反射光下可见粒间充填低反射率的后期矿物	1.659	3.23

成分	样品号
	GJ-3				GJ-1				G19-8				Mp1-1
	250-3	250-4	600-3		1	3	5	8	3	4	1	7	2
SiO₂	59.62	58.02	56.42		56.71	57.34	55.34	54.33	59.23	59.11	57.63	56.89	59.18
TiO₂	00.14	00.63	00.12	00.21		0	00.16	00.17	00.06	00.13	00.03	00.05	00.04
Al₂O₃	24.28	22.33	12.83		20.56	26.87	10.63	13.43	23.28	25.20	11.32	12.15	26.27
Cr₂O₃	00.05	0	00.09		0	0	0	00.01	00.01	0	0	00.04	0
Fe₂O₃	0	0.28	00.21	02.44		00.14	02.75	02.51	0	0	0	0	0
FeO	00.37	0.77	02.85	00.12		00.01	00.13	00.12	00.88	00.19	02.93	01.90	00.05
MnO	0	0	00.02	00.01		00.02	00.12	0	00.03	00.05	00.09	00.17	0
MgO	0	01.08	07.06	02.17		00.04	10.12	08.62	01.24	00.08	07.55	07.83	00.01
CaO	00.15	01.61	11.58	04.83		00.71	14.32	11.87	01.82	00.21	12.24	12.58	00.08
Na₂O	14.46	14.05	08.04	13.54		15.33	07.01	08.66	13.45	14.59	07.12	07.25	15.03
K₂O	00.03	00.01	0	00.01		00.02	00.01	0	00.01	00.01	00.01	0	00.01
总量	99.10	98.78	99.22	100.60		100.48	100.59	99.72	100.01	99.57	98.92	98.86	100.67
Si	2.022	1.996	2.002	1.950		1.932	1.962	1.933	2.004	1.996	2.045	2.016	1.977
Al^Ⅳ	0	0.004	0	0.050		0.068	0.038	0.067	0	0.004	0	0	0.023
Al^Ⅵ	0.970	0.902	0.537	0.783		0.999	0.406	0.496	0.928	0.999	0.473	0.508	1.012
Ti	0.004	0.016	0.003	0.005		0	0.004	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.001
Cr	0.001	0	0.003	0		0	0	0	0	0	0	0.001	0
Fe³⁺	0	0.007	0.006	0.063		0.004	0.156	0.233	0	0	0	0	0
Fe²⁺	0.011	0.022	0.085	0.003		0	0	0	0.025	0.005	0.088	0.057	0.001
Mn	0	0	0.001	0		0.001	0.004	0	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.005	0
Mg	0	0.055	0.373	0.111		0.002	0.535	0.457	0.063	0.004	0.399	0.414	0.001
Ca	0.005	0.059	0.440	0.178		0.026	0.544	0.453	0.066	0.008	0.465	0.478	0.003
Na	0.951	0.937	0.553	0.903		1.002	0.482	0.597	0.882	0.955	0.490	0.498	0.974
K	0.001	0	0	0		0.001	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
总量	3.965	3.998	4.003	4.046		4.035	4.131	4.241	3.971	3.975	3.964	3.978	3.992
Jd	99	92	55	77		98	39	49	92	99	50	51	100
Aeg	0	01	0	09		0	07	07	0	0	0	0	0
Quad	01	07	45	14		01	53	44	08	01	50	49	0
Wo	34	41	49	50		80	47	46	43	41	49	50	060
En	0	38	41	31		6	46	47	40	22	42	43	010
Fs	66	20	10	19		14	07	07	17	37	09	06	029
矿物	Jd	Jd	Omp	Jd		Jd	Omp	Omp	Jd	Jd	Omp	Omp	Jd

成分	样品号
	GJ-3				GJ-1				G19-8				Mp1-1
	250-3	250-4	600-3		1	3	5	8	3	4	1	7	2
SiO₂	59.62	58.02	56.42		56.71	57.34	55.34	54.33	59.23	59.11	57.63	56.89	59.18
TiO₂	00.14	00.63	00.12	00.21		0	00.16	00.17	00.06	00.13	00.03	00.05	00.04
Al₂O₃	24.28	22.33	12.83		20.56	26.87	10.63	13.43	23.28	25.20	11.32	12.15	26.27
Cr₂O₃	00.05	0	00.09		0	0	0	00.01	00.01	0	0	00.04	0
Fe₂O₃	0	0.28	00.21	02.44		00.14	02.75	02.51	0	0	0	0	0
FeO	00.37	0.77	02.85	00.12		00.01	00.13	00.12	00.88	00.19	02.93	01.90	00.05
MnO	0	0	00.02	00.01		00.02	00.12	0	00.03	00.05	00.09	00.17	0
MgO	0	01.08	07.06	02.17		00.04	10.12	08.62	01.24	00.08	07.55	07.83	00.01
CaO	00.15	01.61	11.58	04.83		00.71	14.32	11.87	01.82	00.21	12.24	12.58	00.08
Na₂O	14.46	14.05	08.04	13.54		15.33	07.01	08.66	13.45	14.59	07.12	07.25	15.03
K₂O	00.03	00.01	0	00.01		00.02	00.01	0	00.01	00.01	00.01	0	00.01
总量	99.10	98.78	99.22	100.60		100.48	100.59	99.72	100.01	99.57	98.92	98.86	100.67
Si	2.022	1.996	2.002	1.950		1.932	1.962	1.933	2.004	1.996	2.045	2.016	1.977
Al^Ⅳ	0	0.004	0	0.050		0.068	0.038	0.067	0	0.004	0	0	0.023
Al^Ⅵ	0.970	0.902	0.537	0.783		0.999	0.406	0.496	0.928	0.999	0.473	0.508	1.012
Ti	0.004	0.016	0.003	0.005		0	0.004	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.001
Cr	0.001	0	0.003	0		0	0	0	0	0	0	0.001	0
Fe³⁺	0	0.007	0.006	0.063		0.004	0.156	0.233	0	0	0	0	0
Fe²⁺	0.011	0.022	0.085	0.003		0	0	0	0.025	0.005	0.088	0.057	0.001
Mn	0	0	0.001	0		0.001	0.004	0	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.005	0
Mg	0	0.055	0.373	0.111		0.002	0.535	0.457	0.063	0.004	0.399	0.414	0.001
Ca	0.005	0.059	0.440	0.178		0.026	0.544	0.453	0.066	0.008	0.465	0.478	0.003
Na	0.951	0.937	0.553	0.903		1.002	0.482	0.597	0.882	0.955	0.490	0.498	0.974
K	0.001	0	0	0		0.001	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
总量	3.965	3.998	4.003	4.046		4.035	4.131	4.241	3.971	3.975	3.964	3.978	3.992
Jd	99	92	55	77		98	39	49	92	99	50	51	100
Aeg	0	01	0	09		0	07	07	0	0	0	0	0
Quad	01	07	45	14		01	53	44	08	01	50	49	0
Wo	34	41	49	50		80	47	46	43	41	49	50	060
En	0	38	41	31		6	46	47	40	22	42	43	010
Fs	66	20	10	19		14	07	07	17	37	09	06	029
矿物	Jd	Jd	Omp	Jd		Jd	Omp	Omp	Jd	Jd	Omp	Omp	Jd

危地马拉翡翠宝石矿物学特征及其与缅甸翡翠的对比研究

Characteristics of the Guatemalan Feicui and Its Comparison to the Myanmar Feicui

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