高温与冻融循环对水热炭和生物炭吸附污染物的影响

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.04.04

现代地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (04): 931-939.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.04.04

高温与冻融循环对水热炭和生物炭吸附污染物的影响

关俊杰¹^,²(), 刘雨嫣¹^,², 刘思源¹^,², 陈家玮¹^,²()

1.中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京 100083
2.中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-12-17 修回日期:2021-04-19 出版日期:2021-08-10 发布日期:2021-09-08
通讯作者: 陈家玮
作者简介:陈家玮,男,教授,博士生导师,1974年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email : chenjiawei@cugb.edu.cn。
关俊杰,男,硕士研究生,1996年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究。Email : 826241718@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41731282);国家自然科学基金项目(41472232)

Effects of High Temperature and Freeze-thaw Cycle Ageing on Adsorption Performance of Hydrochar and Biochar on Pollutants

GUAN Junjie¹^,²(), LIU Yuyan¹^,², LIU Siyuan¹^,², CHEN Jiawei¹^,²()

1. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-12-17 Revised:2021-04-19 Online:2021-08-10 Published:2021-09-08
Contact: CHEN Jiawei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将农林废弃物通过不同碳化方式制备成水热炭或生物炭,用于土壤改良和环境污染修复,是当前研究和应用的热点领域。由于受到不同自然条件的长期影响,如环境温度变化,水热炭和生物炭会发生老化作用,从而影响其对污染物的吸附能力,因此,评估老化作用对碳化材料吸附能力的影响是一个重要的科学问题。采用高温和冻融循环2种加速老化方式模拟自然界中的温度变化,对稻壳和玉米秸秆水热炭、生物炭进行老化培养,通过元素分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段对老化前后水热炭、生物炭样品的物化性质进行分析,通过批实验对比研究2种新鲜炭材料对Cd(II)及莠去津的吸附能力及吸附稳定性,并研究了30、60、90次老化循环后生物炭和水热炭吸附能力的变化。结果表明,生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津有良好的吸附稳定性,而水热炭对莠去津的吸附稳定性较差。2种老化作用均使水热炭、生物炭表面含氧官能团增加,从而增强了水热炭、生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津的吸附能力。在高温和冻融环境中,随着老化时间的持续,生物炭比水热炭更容易受到环境的影响。研究相关成果对于水热炭和生物炭合理应用于不同环境的污染修复具有试验参考价值。

关键词: 水热炭, 生物炭, 老化, 污染物, 吸附能力

Abstract:

The application of hydrochar or biochar derived from agricultural wastes into soil amendments and remediation is one of hot topics nowadays. Due to long-term varied natural condition, such as changed ambient temperature, the properties of hydrochar or biochar would change and have some effect on the adsorption capacities. Hence, it is an important issue to assess the adsorption performance of hydrochar and biochar under the effect of ageing. In the study, high temperature ageing and freeze-thaw cycle ageing were used to simulate the changed ambient temperature. The physicochemical properties of fresh and aged rice husk and corn straw derived biochars and hydrochars were compared by multi-techniques of elemental analysis, Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The adsorption capacity and stability of hydrochar and biochar, as well as the effects of different ageing time (e.g., 30, 60, 90 cycles) on their adsorption capacity, were compared by batch experiments. The results showed that biochar had good adsorption stability for Cd (II) and atrazine, while hydrochar had poor adsorption stability for atrazine. The two ageing processes increased the oxygen containing functional groups of hydrochar and biochar, thus enhancing the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) and atrazine. In high temperature and freeze-thaw environment, biochar was more susceptible to environmental effects than hydrochar as the ageing time increased. The obtained results from this study suggest us to consider the rational use of hydrochar and biochar in the environmental remediation.

Key words: biochar, hydrochar, ageing, pollutant, adsorption ability

中图分类号:

X142

关俊杰, 刘雨嫣, 刘思源, 陈家玮. 高温与冻融循环对水热炭和生物炭吸附污染物的影响[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(04): 931-939.

GUAN Junjie, LIU Yuyan, LIU Siyuan, CHEN Jiawei. Effects of High Temperature and Freeze-thaw Cycle Ageing on Adsorption Performance of Hydrochar and Biochar on Pollutants[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(04): 931-939.

图/表 8

表1 老化前后水热炭元素分析

Table 1 Elements analysis of fresh and aged hydrochars

水热炭	灰分^*/ %	元素组分^**/%				原子比^**
水热炭	灰分^*/ %	C	H	O	N	H/C	O/C	(O+N) /C
RH	16.23	51.37	6.72	41.06	0.60	1.570	0.600	0.610
HRH30	15.38	49.02	6.37	44.01	0.44	1.560	0.673	0.681
HRH60	16.46	49.31	6.25	43.96	0.40	1.522	0.669	0.676
HRH90	15.43	49.90	6.38	43.20	0.46	1.534	0.649	0.657
FRH30	15.68	50.70	6.50	42.18	0.51	1.539	0.624	0.633
FRH60	16.06	50.13	6.48	42.90	0.42	1.551	0.642	0.649
FRH90	15.64	49.03	6.42	44.11	0.38	1.571	0.675	0.682
CS	7.66	52.38	6.68	39.27	1.59	1.530	0.562	0.588
HCS30	7.05	52.38	6.73	39.07	1.75	1.541	0.559	0.588
HCS60	6.88	51.45	6.76	40.25	1.49	1.578	0.587	0.611
HCS90	6.67	51.17	6.63	40.74	1.40	1.554	0.597	0.621
FCS30	5.96	51.01	6.70	40.77	1.46	1.575	0.599	0.624
FCS60	7.15	51.71	6.51	40.05	1.69	1.510	0.581	0.609
FCS90	6.38	51.44	6.66	40.29	1.54	1.554	0.587	0.613

图1 水热炭老化前后扫描电镜图

Fig.1 SEM images of fresh/aged hydrochars

图2 水热炭和生物炭样品红外光谱特征 (a)老化前后水热炭;(b)老化前后生物炭;(c)新鲜水热炭与生物炭对比;(d)水热炭吸附莠去津、Cd前后对比

Fig.2 FTIR spectra of the samples (a)fresh and aged hydrochars; (b) fresh and aged biochars;(c) biochars and hydrochars;(d)RH and CS before and after adsorption of atrazine and Cd

图3 水热炭和生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津的吸附动力学

Fig.3 Adsorption kinetics of Cd (II) and atrazine by hydrochar and biochar

表2 水热炭和生物炭吸附Cd(II)准一级和准二级动力学模型拟合参数

Table 2 Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic parameters for the sorption of Cd(II) on hydrochars and biochars

水热炭	准一级动力学方程				准二级动力学方程
水热炭	q_e	k₁	R²		q_e		k₁		R²
BC	29.553	0.304	0.946	31.345		0.011		0.999
BR	1.126	0.412	0.678	1.597		0.176		0.997
CS	2.570	0.077	0.914	2.686		0.041		0.980
RH	2.072	0.054	—	2.128		0.069		0.992

图4 水热炭和生物炭对Cd(II)和莠去津的解吸动力学及解吸百分比

Fig.4 Desorption kinetics and desorption percentage of Cd (II) and atrazine by hydrochars and biochars

表3 水热炭和生物炭吸附莠去津准一级和准二级动力学模型拟合参数

Table 3 Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic parameters for the sorption of atrazine on hydrochars and biochars

水热炭	准一级动力学方程			准二级动力学方程
水热炭	q_e	k₁	R²	q_e	k₁	R²
BC	8.453	0.0339	0.970	8.977	0.010	0.990
BR	0.755	0.0269	0.160	0.771	0.140	0.977
CS	1.063	0.335	0.991	1.268	0.198	0.997
RH	1.333	1.387	0.899	1.449	0.260	0.998

图5 老化循环次数对水热炭和生物炭吸附Cd(II)和莠去津的影响

Fig.5 Effects of ageing cycles on the sorption capacities of Cd (II)/atrazine on the fresh and aged hydrochars and biochars

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高温与冻融循环对水热炭和生物炭吸附污染物的影响

Effects of High Temperature and Freeze-thaw Cycle Ageing on Adsorption Performance of Hydrochar and Biochar on Pollutants

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