北非地区中生代盆地区域沉积中心发育机制新认识及油气差异富集效应

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

北非地区为世界上油气富集地区之一,区内油气分布表现出极大的不均匀性,以往研究对这一油气差异性富集控制因素的探讨较为薄弱。本研究重点从中生代期间发育的多个区域沉积中心的演化和形成机制的角度,探讨这一科学问题。对已有的基础地质和油气勘探资料的综合再分析表明,北非地区冈瓦纳大陆北缘发育维德迈尔—佩拉杰、苏尔特、东地中海三个彼此孤立存在的中生代沉积中心,这些沉积中心在空间上处于阿拉拉隆起、苏尔特隆起、黎凡特隆起三个海西运动中形成的NE向古隆起之上,具有“古隆起塌陷反转”的形成机理;沉积中心均靠近新特提斯洋边缘,总体呈现受海西运动形成的古隆起和新特提斯洋开启背景下的伸展作用联合控制。三个中生代沉积中心为中生代优质烃源岩发育区和油气富集区;受海西期塑造的古构造、海西构造剥蚀对砂岩储层的控制以及中生代烃源岩发育等有利因素所控,这些塌陷形成的中生代沉积中心及围区成为最为重要的油气富集区带。中生代盆地的这一形成过程为该区油气差异富集的重要控制因素。

关键词: 特提斯构造域, 北非, 海西运动, 构造反转, 油气差异富集

Abstract:

The North Africa area is extremely rich in hydrocarbon resources. However, the hydrocarbon is also distributed with inhomogeneity within this area. The previous investigations payed less attention to this characteristic of differential enrichment in hydrocarbon. This study mainly focuses on this issue in aspects of the evolution and formation mechanism of Mesozoic basin depocenter. Comprehensive re-analysis on basic geology and hydrocarbon exploration data is implemented. The results indicate that, on the northern margin of Gondwana continent in North Africa, there are three Mesozoic depocenters that exist in isolation from each other, such as Oued Mya-Pelagain, Sirt, Eastern Mediterranean. These three Mesozoic depocenters are located on the three preexisting NE-trending palaeohighs formed during the Hercynian orogeny, Allala, Sirt and Lewant palaeohighs respectively; they have a formation mechanism characterized by “negative inversion and collapse of palaeohigh”. Mesozoic depocenters are also close to the edge of the Neotethys Ocean, indicating that their formations are controlled by preexisting NE-trending Hercynian palaeohighs together with the opening of the Neotethys Ocean. Due to the following favorable factors the areas in or adjacent these Mesozoic depocenters became the most important hydrocarbon enrichment zone: structures related to Hercynian orogeny, sandstone reservoir with good quality produced by erosion on Hercynian palaeohighs, and excellent Mesozoic source rock. Thus the formation process of the Mesozoic basin is one of the most significant factors controlling the differential enrichment in hydrocarbon in the North Africa.

Key words: Tethyan tectonic domain, North Africa, Hercynian orogeny, structural inversion, differential enrichment in hydrocarbon

中图分类号:

黄雷, 张忠民, 赵晓辰, 吕雪雁, 王爱国, 刘池洋, 宋世骏, 殷珂, 李鑫, 刘静静. 北非地区中生代盆地区域沉积中心发育机制新认识及油气差异富集效应[J]. 现代地质, 2022, 36(05): 1218-1229.

HUANG Lei, ZHANG Zhongmin, ZHAO Xiaochen, LÜ Xueyan, WANG Aiguo, LIU Chiyang, SONG Shijun, YIN Ke, LI Xin, LIU Jingjing. New Insights into the Formation of Mesozoic Depocenters in North Africa and Its Influence on Differential Enrichment in Hydrocarbon[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(05): 1218-1229.

图/表 12

图1 北非地区盆地分布与油气发现(油气田数据据文献[1])

Fig.1 Distribution of basins and discovered hydrocarbon in North Africa(data of oil and gas fields after ref. [1])

图2 北非地区各盆地显生宙地层对比图(据文献[11]修改)

Fig.2 Chronostratigraphy of the Phanerozoic of the main North African basins (modified from ref.[11])

图3 冈瓦纳大陆北缘志留纪和晚三叠世古地理图(据文献[12]修改)

Fig.3 Paleogeological maps of Northern Gondwana during Silurian and Late Triassic(modified from ref.[12])

图4 北非—中东地区海西期构造界面之下地质结构((a), 据文献[10,19]修改)和北非东西向地质剖面((b),位置见图1)

Fig.4 Characteristics of geological structure under the Hercynian tectonic interface in the North Africa and Middle East((a), modified from refs.[10,19]) and generalized structural cross-section across the North Africa ((b), seeing Fig.1 for the location)

图5 海西不整合面埋深及区域沉积中心分布图(据文献[10]修改)

Fig.5 Depth of Hercynian unconformity and distribution of regional depocenters (modified from ref. [10])

图6 过维德迈尔盆地地质剖面及拉平海西构造界面和三叠顶部的剖面(剖面位置见图4(b),原始剖面据Tellus数据库)

Fig.6 Geological cross-section across the Oued Mya Basin, and sections flattened on the top of the Hercynian unconformity and the top of the Triassic (seeing Fig.4(b) for the location, the present-day section after Tellus database)

图7 佩拉杰盆地南部演化剖面(现今剖面据Tellus数据库)

Fig.7 Tectonic evolution section across the south portion of the Pelagain Basin

图8 苏尔特盆地现今地质剖面(a)和拉平古生代顶部剖面(b)(据文献[26])

Fig.8 Geological cross-section across the Sirt Basin ((a) present section;(b)section flattened on the top of the Paleozoic;after ref. [26])

图9 东地中海海西期不整合面之下古生界露头分布范围(a)、过帕米赖德盆地边部的连井地质剖面(b)和拉平海西期不整合面后的过帕米赖德地区连井剖面(c)(据文献[36]修改)

Fig.9 Herynian unconformity subcrop in the Eastern Mediterranean (a), well correlation across the south margin of the Palmyride basin (b) and well correlation cross-section across the Palmyride basin, flattened on the Hercynian unconformity (c) (modified from ref.[36])

图10 海西期古隆起中生代反转成盆模式

Fig.10 Conceptual models for formations of Mesozoic rift basin in North Africa and Middle East

图11 北非地区主要古生界—中生界烃源岩分布(据文献[2,40⇓⇓⇓-44] 修改)

Fig.11 Distribution of main Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rock in North Africa (modified from refs. [2,40⇓⇓⇓-44])

图12 苏尔特盆地东部古生界油气藏剖面(据文献[33])

Fig.12 Paleozoic reservoir profile across the East Sirt Basin (after ref. [33])

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