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现代地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (02): 456-466.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.070

• 表生资源观测模拟与综合评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄河三角洲地区土壤盐碱特性的时空动态变化特征、盐碱地分区及高效利用

王兵1,2,3(), 窦文骏1,2,3, 陈杰1,3, 陈景文1, 来剑斌4()   

  1. 1.中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心,山东 烟台 264004
    2.自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京 100055
    3.黄河入海口陆海交互作用野外科学观测研究站,山东 东营 257500
    4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
  • 出版日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-05-08
  • 通信作者: 来剑斌,男,博士,助理研究员,1977年出生,土壤学专业,主要从事土壤水文学、水文水资源研究工作。Email: laijianbin@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:王 兵,男,工程师,1990年出生,地球化学专业,主要从事自然资源观测研究工作。Email: 740925742@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局烟台海岸带地质调查中心项目“黄河三角洲自然资源综合调查监测与评价”(ZD20220143);国家自然科学基金项目(42071038);中国科学院战略先导科技专项项目(XDA26040105)

Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Zoning, and Sustainable Utilization of Soil Salinization in the Yellow River Delta

WANG Bing1,2,3(), DOU Wenjun1,2,3, CHEN Jie1,3, CHEN Jingwen1, LAI Jianbin4()   

  1. 1. Yantai Geological Survey Center of Coastal Zone, China Geological Survey, Yantai, Shandong 264004, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100055, China
    3. Observation and Research Station of Land-Sea Interaction Field in the Yellow River Estuary, Dongying, Shandong 257500, China
    4. Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Published:2025-04-10 Online:2025-05-08

摘要: 黄河三角洲无论是生态保护还是农业开发,都有战略意义。基于土壤资源盐碱特性的农业产业结构布局是黄河三角洲地区农业高质量发展的前提。本文利用历史统计数据,并在黄河三角洲4个具有不同沉积历史的区域布设土壤调查采样点,来研究该地区土壤盐碱特性的空间分布特征和季节动态。土地类型涉及沿海滩涂、盐碱荒地、林草地以及农耕地等。结果表明:黄河三角洲地区的农田生产力显著低于山东省平均水平,而且存在南北不均的问题,黄河北岸粮食单产明显低于黄河南岸。土壤盐分含量空间差异明显,土壤电导率滩涂最高可达20 mS/cm,离海岸较远的农地约为0.5 mS/cm。盐分纵向分布大部分为表聚型和平均型盐分剖面,占78.6%。受降雨和蒸发影响,浅层土壤盐分和pH值季节变化明显,植被盖度增加可以减弱土壤盐分季节变化。土壤有机质含量(OM)总体较低,1 m深度土体中OM大部分在0.4%~0.8%之间,表层土壤有机质略高。离海岸较远的农田土壤,表层有机质含量显著增加,可以达到1.5%以上或2.0%。基于土壤盐碱特性的时空变化规律及新的国家战略需求,进一步提出了黄河三角洲分区开发利用建议,为该地区盐碱地绿色开发、农业水土资源高效利用,以及草牧业健康发展提供科学参考。

关键词: 黄河三角洲, 土壤资源, 盐碱特性时空动态, 盐碱地草牧业

Abstract:

It is of strategic significance in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), whether it is ecological protection or agricultural development.The layout of the agricultural structure based on the salinity of soil resources is the prerequisite for the high-quality development of agriculture in the YRD.Based on soil sampling in 4 areas with different sedimentary histories in the YRD and along with statistical data, the spatial distribution characteristics and seasonal dynamics of soil salinity characteristics in this area were investigated.Various land types were involved, such as coastal beaches, saline-alkali wastelands, forests and grasslands, and agricultural land.The results showed that the farmland productivity in the YRD was significantly lower than the average level of Shandong Province, and the grain yield on the north bank of the Yellow River was significantly lower than that on the south bank.The spatial difference of soil salt content is obvious.The soil conductivity can reach as high as 20 mS/cm in the tidal flat, and the farmland far away from the coast is about 0.5 mS/cm.The longitudinal distribution of salinity is mostly upper-accumulated or average distributed, accounting for 78.6%.Affected by rainfall and evaporation, the shallow soil salinity and pH value have seasonal changes, and the increase in vegetation coverage can weaken the seasonal changes in soil salinity.The soil organic matter content (OM) is generally low, most of the OM in the soil within 1m of depth is between 0.4% and 0.8%, and the organic matter of the surface soil is slightly higher.In farmland soils far away from the coast, the organic matter content in the surface layer has increased significantly, reaching more than 1.5% or 2.0%.Given the temporal and spatial changes of soil salinity characteristics and new national strategic needs, further suggestions for the development and utilization of the Yellow River Delta were proposed.The study provide a scientific reference for the green development of saline-alkali land, the efficient use of agricultural water and soil resources, and the healthy development of grass and animal husbandry in this area.

Key words: Yellow River Delta, soil resource, spatial and temporal dynamics of saline property, grass husbandry in saline area

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