塔里木盆地塔河油田T738井区一间房组高精度层序地层格架内沉积微相特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔河油田T738井区一间房组地质年代老、埋藏深度大,虽经历了复杂的构造与成岩改造,但仍具有良好的储集性能。目前该井区重点勘探开发主要集中在断裂带发育部位,以断溶体为主要钻探目标。然而,礁滩相勘探潜力巨大,但是对影响碳酸盐岩礁滩相储层发育沉积相认识的不足制约了勘探突破。本研究基于塔河油田T738井区重点井钻测井资料的分析和薄片鉴定工作,建立了T738井区一间房组高精度层序地层格架,总结了一间房组开阔台地内沉积微相常规测井相模式,对沉积微相类型和特征分别进行了划分和描述,分析了四级层序内部礁滩体厚度分布和沉积微相平面展布特征。结果显示,一间房组划分为1个三级层序(Sq1)和3个四级层序(Ssq1、Ssq2和Ssq3),在开阔台地相识别出高-中-低能滩、丘滩间、生物礁(丘)等几种沉积微相。其中,颗粒滩在常规测井判别值域分别对应AC为51~61 μs/m,DEN为2.5~2.6 g/cm³,CNL为1%~6 %,RD为80~3000 Ω·m。一间房组Ssq1层序礁滩体规模较小且孤立,仅分布在地势相对高部位,归因于其在三级层序内所处的海侵体系域低部位,水动力条件较弱。Ssq2、Ssq3层序礁滩体位于三级层序内高位体系域,其规模较大、连片性较好,厚度稳定,最大累计厚度达40 m。

关键词: 高精度层序地层划分, 层序地层格架, 碳酸盐岩沉积微相, 常规测井定量相模式, 礁滩体平面分布, T738井区

Abstract:

The Yijianfang Formation in the T738 well area of the Tahe Oilfield is of considerable age and has a significant burial depth. It has undergone complex structural and diagenetic reformation but still exhibits excellent reservoir performance. Currently, key exploration and development targets in the T738 well area is primarily concentrated in the fault zones. The “Fault-karst” trap (reservoir) is the primarily drilling target in this area. In sufficient understanding of the sedimentary facies affecting the development of carbonate shoal reservoirs could significantly restrict exploration and development progress. Based on the analysis of logging data and petrographic studies from key exploration wells in the T738 well area, a high-precision sequence stratigraphic framework for the Tabei area in the Tarim Basin has been established. Additionally, a conventional logging facies model for sedimentary microfacies in the open platform of the Yijianfang Formation has been summarized. We classified and described the types and characteristics of sedimentary microfacies. Additionally, we analyzed the thickness distribution of shoals and the distribution characteristics of sedimentary microfacies within the fourth-order sequence. The study suggests that the Yijianfang Formation can be subdivided into one third-order sequences (Sq1) and three fourth-order sequences (Ssq1, Ssq2, and Ssq3). The sedimentary microfacies of the Yijianfang Formation consist of high- to medium-energy shoals, low-energy shoals, intershoals (mounds), and biological reefs (mounds). The grain shoals correspond to an AC of 51-61 μs/m, a DEN of 2.5-2.6 g/cm³, a CNL of 1%-6%, and a RD of 80-3000 Ω·m within the conventional logging discrimination range. The Ssq1 sequence primarily develops smaller and isolated shoals in relatively higher terrain areas. It is situated in the lower part of the transgressive system tract of the third-order sequence, which experiences relatively weaker hydrodynamic conditions. The Ssq2 and Ssq3 sequences have developed shoals that belong to the highstand system tract, characterized by stable thickness, large scale, and good connectivity, with a maximum cumulative thickness of 40 meters.

Key words: high-precision sequence division, sequence stratigraphic framework, sedimentary microfacies of carbonate rock, quantitative phase pattern of conventional logging, distribution of shoal, T738 well area

中图分类号:

P618.1

丁梦, 樊太亮, 吴俊, 李煜, 李晨晨, 吕凯迪. 塔里木盆地塔河油田T738井区一间房组高精度层序地层格架内沉积微相特征[J]. 现代地质, 2024, 38(05): 1270-1290.

DING Meng, FAN Tailiang, WU Jun, LI Yu, LI Chenchen, LÜ Kaidi. Sedimentary Microfacies in a High-precision Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Yijianfang Formation in the T738 Well Area of the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(05): 1270-1290.

图/表 20

图1 塔河油田大地构造位置(a)和研究区平面图(b)

Fig.1 Tectonic setting and geological overview of the Tahe area

图2 塔河地区地层-构造运动综合柱状图 (改自严威等[21];Tian et al.[22]; 吴俊[23])

Fig.2 Synthetic stratigraphic column for formations and tectonic movements in the Tahe area

图3 地层角度不整合接触区 T 7 4界面处岩性、测井曲线特征

Fig.3 Characteristics of lithology and logging curves at the T 7 4 boundary in the angular unconformity contact area

图4 地层平行不整合接触区 T 7 4界面处岩性、测井曲线特征

Fig.4 Characteristics of lithology and logging curves at the T 7 4 boundary in the parallel unconformity contact area

图5 T 7 5界面处岩性、测井曲线特征(岩性图例同3和4所示)

Fig.5 Characteristics of lithology and logging curves at the T 7 5 boundary

图6 研究区T738井一间房组沉积层序综合柱状图

Fig.6 Comprehensive histogram of the sedimentary sequence of the Yijianfang Formation in Well T738 of the study area

图7 一间房组内部四级层序界面附近岩石学特征 (a)T738井,5963.80 m,亮晶砂屑灰岩,砂屑泥晶灰岩,弱冲刷侵蚀不整合面;(b)T738井,5963.85 m,亮晶砂屑灰岩,砂屑泥晶灰岩,弱冲刷侵蚀不整合面;(c)T738井,5964.00 m,亮晶砂屑灰岩,溶蚀晶洞充填Cal,可见示底构造;(d)AD6井,6088.00 m,泥晶灰岩,岩溶角砾岩;(e)T738井,5965.60 m,亮晶砂屑灰岩,世代胶结,第一期为纤柱状等厚环边,第二期为粒状方解石,可见油迹;(f)T738井,5966.70 m,亮晶砂屑灰岩,铸模孔被后期方解石充填。注:T738井薄片深度位置见图6

Fig.7 Petrological characteristics near the fourth-order sequence boundary in the Yijianfang Formation

表1 中下奥陶统一间房组层序地层划分方案

Table 1 Division scheme of sequence stratigraphy for the Yijianfang Formation of the Lower to Middle Ordovician

系	统	组	层序底界面	四级层序	三级层序
奥陶系	上统	恰尔巴克组	$T 74$
	中统	一间房组	SByj2	Ssq3	Sq1
			SByj1	Ssq2
			$T 75$	Ssq1

表1 中下奥陶统一间房组层序地层划分方案

Table 1 Division scheme of sequence stratigraphy for the Yijianfang Formation of the Lower to Middle Ordovician

系	统	组	层序底界面	四级层序	三级层序
奥陶系	上统	恰尔巴克组	$T 74$
	中统	一间房组	SByj2	Ssq3	Sq1
			SByj1	Ssq2
			$T 75$	Ssq1

图8 AD6-TH10347-TH10334-TH10335-TH10209-T738-TH10210-TH10233-TH10245井层序对比剖面(剖面位置见图1(B)AA’)

Fig.8 Sequence correlation section of the wellAD6-TH10347-TH10334-TH10335-TH10209-T738-TH10210-TH10233-TH10245

图9 T738井区一间房组灰岩岩石学特征 (a)亮晶砂屑灰岩,T738井,5959.41 m;(b)亮晶鲕粒灰岩,T738井,5965.62 m;(c)亮晶生屑灰岩,T738井,5968.81 m;(d)泥晶砂屑灰岩,T728井,6119.14 m;(e)泥晶生屑灰岩,T728井,6000.5 m;(f)砂屑泥晶灰岩,AD6井,6103.81 m;(g)生屑泥晶灰岩,T728井,6001.30 m;(h)泥晶灰岩,T738井,6065.8 m

Fig.9 Petrological characteristics in the Yijianfang Formation of the T738 well area

图10 生物礁丘灰岩岩石学特征 (a)海绵灰岩,T750井,6090 m;(b)海绵灰岩,T709井,5948 m;(c)海绵灰岩,T738井,5972.12 m;(d)藻黏结灰岩,S91,5857.62 m

Fig.10 Petrological characteristics of reef-building organisms and organic boundstone

表2 塔河地区一间房组沉积相类型划分简表

Table 2 Classification scheme of sedimentary facies of the Yijianfang Formation in the Tahe area

沉积相	亚相	岩心、薄片识别微相	测井识别的微相组合
开阔台地相	颗粒滩	砂屑滩、生屑滩、鲕粒滩	高能滩、中能滩、低能滩
	丘滩间	丘滩间	丘滩间
	台内礁(丘)	生物礁(丘)	/

图11 一间房组沉积微相类型及特征

Fig.11 Types and characteristics of sedimentary microfacies in the Yijianfang Formation

图12 T704井优势沉积相典型薄片对应敏感测井曲线特征

Fig.12 Characteristics of sensitive logging curves corresponding to typical thin sections of dominant sedimentary facies in well T704

图13 关键井常规测井曲线交会图(AD6井、S91井、T704井、T737井和T738井) CNL.补偿中子;DEN.补偿密度;AC.声波时差;RD.深电阻率

Fig.13 Cross plot of conventional logging curves for key wells (AD6, S91, T704, T737, and T738)

表3 常规测井曲线颗粒滩判别值域范围

Table 3 Range of discriminant values for particle shoals in conventional logging curves

测井曲线名称	值域范围
AC(μs/m)	51~61
DEN(g/cm³)	2.5~2.6
CNL(%)	1~6
RD(Ω·m)	80~3000

图14 S86-T705-T754-TH10244-TH10214-T738-TH12176-TH12179井沉积微相对比剖面(剖面位置见图1(B)BB’)

Fig.14 Microfacies correlation section of wells S86, T705, T754, TH10244, TH10214, T738, TH12176, and TH12179

图15 一间房组Ssq1层序滩体等厚图(a)和层序沉积微相平面分布图(b)

Fig.15 Isopleth of shoals (a) and distribution of sedimentary microfacies (b) in the Ssql sequence of the Yijianfang Formation

图16 一间房组Ssq2层序滩体等厚图(a)和层序沉积微相平面分布图(b)

Fig.16 Isopleth of shoals (a) and distribution of sedimentary microfacies (b) in the Ssq2 sequence of the Yijianfang Formation

图17 一间房组Ssq3层序滩体等厚图(a)和层序沉积微相平面分布图(b)

Fig.17 Isopleth of shoals (a) and distribution of sedimentary microfacies (b) in the Ssq3 sequence of the Yijianfang Formation

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