井筒电加热改善水平井蒸汽吞吐效果机理实验

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对稠油水平井蒸汽吞吐面临入井渗流阻力大、产量水平低、吞吐递减率高、采收率偏低等问题,提出了电加热辅助水平井蒸汽吞吐方法。首先根据水平井蒸汽吞吐过程中的电加热与蒸汽复合传热特征,建立了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐三个阶段的(注汽阶段、焖井阶段、生产阶段)储层升温解析模型,在此基础上,设计并开展了电加热辅助蒸汽吞吐和常规水平井吞吐的宏观比例物理模拟对比实验,通过实验验证了解析公式,揭示电加热改善水平井吞吐效果关键机理,并利用实际典型井模型进行了潜力预测。结果表明:电加热协同蒸汽吞吐,具有注蒸汽阶段实现水平段均匀加热升温、焖井阶段持续热补偿加热近井地带、生产阶段降低原油入井渗流阻力并提高吞吐产量的关键机理。典型井组预测电加热辅助水平井吞吐可提高吞吐采收率9.4%,油汽比从0.14提高到0.23,在水平井蒸汽吞吐油藏具有重要应用潜力。

关键词: 水平井, 蒸汽吞吐, 电加热, 渗流阻力, 采收率

Abstract:

To resolve the issues of high porous medium flow resistance, low oil production rate, high oil decline rate, and low oil recovery factor for horizontal cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) wells in heavy oil reservoirs, the horizontal CSS method assisted by electric heating was proposed in this study. Combining the heat from electric heating and steam during H-CSS, the analytical model of formation temperature rise was established for the three phases of electric-assisted CSS (i.e. injection, soaking, production), and physical experiments were carried out to compare the performance of conventional CSS and E-CSS. The experimental results were used to validate the analytical model and reveal the key electric heating mechanism on the horizontal CSS performance. Meanwhile, the typical well model was used to forecast the E-CSS potential. The results indicate that the electric heating can achieve uniform heating in the steam injection phase, maintain heating around the wellbore in the soak phase, and reduce flow resistance and enhance oil output in the production phase. Forecast by the typical well model indicates that electric heating can enhance oil recovery factor by 9.4% and OSR from 0.14 to 0.23, implying significant application potential in heavy oil reservoirs developed by horizontal CSS.

Key words: horizontal well, cyclic steam stimulation (CSS), electric heating, flow resistance, oil recoveryfactor

中图分类号:

TE357.4

吴永彬, 吕柏林, 杜宣, 卢迎波, 蒋有伟, 邢向荣. 井筒电加热改善水平井蒸汽吞吐效果机理实验[J]. 现代地质, 2021, 35(04): 1136-1146.

WU Yongbin, LÜ Bolin, DU Xuan, LU Yingbo, JIANG Youwei, XING Xiangrong. Experimental Study on Horizontal CSS Performance Improvement Mechanism by Wellbore Electric Heating[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(04): 1136-1146.

图/表 10

图1 注蒸汽水平段井筒切片二维截面示意图

Fig.1 2D cross-section schematic map of horizontal wellbore during steam injection

图2 电加热辅助水平井蒸汽吞吐实验流程图

Fig.2 Flow chart of the horizontal CSS experiment assisted by electric heating

图3 第二轮吞吐注蒸汽结束时刻温度场

Fig.3 Temperature profile at the end of the steam injection(2nd cycle)

图4 电加热辅助吞吐实验测温与理论计算对比

Fig.4 Comparison of the experimental and calculated temperatures from the E-CSS experiment

图5 第二轮吞吐焖井结束时刻温度场

Fig.5 Temperature profile at the end of the soak phase (2nd cycle)

图6 第二轮吞吐生产中期温度场

Fig.6 Temperature profile at the middle of the production phase (2nd cycle)

图7 第二轮吞吐生产结束温度场

Fig.7 Temperature profile at the end of the production phase (2nd cycle)

图8 产油速度对比

Fig.8 Oil production rate comparison between CSS and E-CSS

图9 不同电加热升温幅度下的入井渗流阻力下降率

Fig.9 Wellbore porous flow resistance reduction ratio under different electrically enhanced temperatures

图10 常规吞吐与电加热辅助吞吐的日产油与采出程度对比

Fig.10 Comparison of oil rate and oil recovery factor for CSS and E-CSS

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