新疆北部阿尔泰山东段泥盆纪岩浆活动及侵位方式的探讨

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆北部阿尔泰山东段发育大量的岩浆岩,对取自阿德尔石英闪长斑岩和乔拉克萨依花岗闪长岩的样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了(415.7±4.0) Ma和(413.5±3.0) Ma的年龄值。据此将其形成时代厘定为早泥盆世。两组样品主量元素差异明显,稀土、微量元素特征基本一致。石英闪长斑岩具有中钾-低钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩岩石特征,而花岗闪长岩具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质系列特征。两者轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损,中等-弱负Eu异常;微量元素Rb、Th、U等LILE富集,具有明显的“峰”,Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSE强烈亏损,呈明显“TNT”负异常,显示了与俯冲作用有关的岩浆岩特征。综合区域地质资料分析,阿尔泰造山带东段泥盆纪早期岩浆活动剧烈,成因复杂,侵位方式多样,形成了多种火成岩构造组合,可能是热幔-热壳结构下的产物,具有形成超大型矿床的潜力。

关键词: 早泥盆世, 洋壳俯冲, 热幔-热壳, 阿尔泰山东段, 新疆北部

Abstract:

A large number of magmatic rocks were developed in the eastern Altay, northern Xinjiang. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Adeer quartz diorite porphyry and Qiaolakesayi granodiorite were emplaced at (415.7±4.0) Ma and (413.5±3.0) Ma, respectively. These ages revealed that the rocks were emplaced in the Early Devonian. There are significant major-element geochemical differences between the two rock types, but their trace-element (including REE) features are largely similar.The quartz diorite porphyry is medium-low-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous, but the granodiorite is high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous. The REE distribution patterns reveal that the rocks are LREE-enriched, HREE-depleted, and with strong LREE/HREE fractionation and weakly-moderately negative Eu anomalies. The rocks are enriched in LILEs (Rb, Th, U) and LREEs, and clearly depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Zr, Ti),Sr, and P,demonstrating a subduction-related affinity. Considering also the regional geology, we concluded that magmatism was active in the Early Devonian eastern Altay, and with complex petrogenetic cause and emplacement mode, which formed the various igneous rock assemblages in the region. This plutonism may have been the product of hot mantle and hot crustal structure, and has the potential to generate super-large deposits.

Key words: Early Devonian, oceanic crust subduction, hot mantle and hot crustal structure, eastern Altay, northern Xinjiang

中图分类号:

P588.1

蔺新望, 王星, 陈光庭, 赵端昌, 赵江林. 新疆北部阿尔泰山东段泥盆纪岩浆活动及侵位方式的探讨[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(03): 514-531.

LIN Xinwang, WANG Xing, CHEN Guangting, ZHAO Duanchang, ZHAO Jianglin. Magmatic Activity and Emplacement of the Devonian Intrusive Rocks in Eastern Altay, Northern Xinjiang[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(03): 514-531.

图/表 13

图1 阿尔泰造山带构造位置图[7](a)和构造分区图[47](b)

Fig.1 Tectonic location [7] (a) and division [47] (b) map of the Altay Orogen belt

图2 阿拉尔地区地质简图①(① 陕西省矿产地质调查中心.新疆富蕴县阿拉一带1∶5万L4SE003023等五幅区域地质调查(A16-1-LQ01).西安:陕西省矿产地质调查中心,2019.) 1.红山嘴组;2.苏普特岩群;3.三叠纪斑状二云母正长花岗岩;4.三叠纪二云母花岗岩;5.三叠纪二云母花岗岩;6.三叠纪斑状黑云母二长花岗岩;7.石炭纪二云母花岗岩;8.石炭纪黑云母花岗岩;9.泥盆纪花岗斑岩;10.泥盆纪石英闪长斑岩;11.泥盆纪花岗闪长岩;12.泥盆纪英云闪长岩;13.泥盆纪辉长岩;14.奥陶纪花岗闪长岩;15.岩体界线及代号;16.脉动侵入界线/断层界线;17.年龄样采样位置;18.地球化学样采样位置

Fig.2 Simplified geologic map of the Altai region①

图3 野外宏观照片和显微岩相照片 (a)石英闪长斑岩及包体宏观特征;(b)花岗闪长岩宏观特征及包体特征;(c)二云堇青石英岩捕虏体特征;(d)花岗闪长岩镜下特征;(e)石英闪长斑岩糜棱岩化镜下特征;(f)二云堇青石英岩镜下特征。Pl.斜长石;K.钾长石;Q.石英;Bi.黑云母;Mu.白云母;Hb.角闪石;Cord.堇青石;Tou.电气石

Fig.3 Outcrop photographs and thin section microphotographs

图4 石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及U-Pb同位素年龄

Fig.4 Representative zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images and U-Pb ages of the quartz diorite porphyry and the granodiorite

表1 石英闪长斑岩中LA-ICP-MS锆石U- Th- Pb同位素分析结果

Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results of the quartz diorite porphyry

图5 石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图((a)、(c))和206Pb/238U年龄加权图((b)、(d))

Fig.5 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams ((a) and (c)) and weighted average diagrams ((b) and (d)) of the quartz diorite porphyry and the granodiorite

表2 泥盆纪侵入岩主量元素含量及特征值

Table 2 Major element composition of the Devonian intrusive rocks

样品岩性	样品编号	主量元素含量/%
样品岩性	样品编号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	67.14	0.59	15.10	0.83	4.08	0.09	1.79	3.40	3.23
	D1402/2	68.98	0.55	15.89	1.35	3.21	0.06	1.25	4.35	2.74
	D1402/3	66.68	0.53	16.95	0.75	4.02	0.09	1.58	2.91	3.07
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	74.35	0.45	11.81	1.07	2.71	0.03	0.88	1.61	2.53
	D2404/3	75.38	0.47	11.17	0.48	2.77	0.04	0.59	1.69	2.57
	D2404/4	74.48	0.51	11.53	0.65	2.99	0.06	0.66	1.59	2.62
样品岩性	样品编号	主量元素含量/%				特征值
样品岩性	样品编号	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量	A/CNK	σ	Mg^#	SI
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	2.82	0.15	0.32	99.54	1.04	1.52	42.90	14.04
	D1402/2	1.07	0.12	0.76	100.33	1.17	0.56	36.37	12.99
	D1402/3	2.20	0.10	0.68	99.56	1.33	1.17	40.51	13.59
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	3.97	0.10	0.16	99.67	1.04	1.35	32.67	7.89
	D2404/3	4.29	0.10	0.23	99.78	0.93	1.45	27.16	5.51
	D2404/4	4.23	0.11	0.26	99.69	0.98	1.49	27.22	5.92

表3 泥盆纪侵入岩稀土元素含量及特征值

Table 3 REE composition of the Devonian intrusive rocks

样品岩性	样品编号	稀土元素含量/10^-6
样品岩性	样品编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu		Gd		Tb		Dy		Ho
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	32.4	62.9	7.24	27.8	5.64	1.42		4.83		0.75		3.35		0.76
	D1402/2	35.8	68.2	8.14	32.3	6.61	1.96		6.12		0.92		5.00		1.12
	D1402/3	43.5	85.8	10.60	42.4	8.88	1.70		8.01		1.43		8.16		1.97
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	39.3	82.2	10.80	38.5	9.58	1.41		7.96		1.52		8.50		1.85
	D2404/3	47.9	97.5	13.30	45.6	10.60	1.48		9.16		1.68		8.70		2.04
	D2404/4	49.1	99.3	13.30	45.7	10.20	1.50		9.65		1.69		8.61		1.89
样品岩性	样品编号	稀土元素含量/10^-6				特征值
样品岩性	样品编号	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	δEu		∑REE		(La/Yb)_N		(La/Sm)_N		(Gd/Yb)_N
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	1.80	0.27	1.68	0.27	0.81		151.11		13.03		3.62		2.33
	D1402/2	2.52	0.42	2.68	0.39	0.93		172.18		9.03		3.41		1.85
	D1402/3	5.35	0.98	5.77	0.98	0.60		225.53		5.09		3.08		1.13
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	4.84	0.82	4.94	0.75	0.48		212.97		5.38		2.58		1.31
	D2404/3	5.49	0.88	5.60	0.82	0.45		250.75		5.78		2.84		1.33
	D2404/4	5.11	0.89	5.05	0.77	0.46		252.76		6.57		3.03		1.55

表4 泥盆纪侵入岩微量元素含量(10-6)

Table 4 Trace element composition of the Devonian intrusive rocks(10-6)

样品岩性	样品编号	Y	P	Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Zn	Ga	As	Sr	Zr
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	20.9	662	12.1	3 053	65.9	40	63.4	15.9	0.5	144	173
	D1402/2	29.3	633	12.3	2 822	46.6	18.6	37.0	15.8	1.1	376	267
	D1402/3	58.1	486	10.4	2 815	60.5	38.1	65.7	15.8	0.5	153	162
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	47.9	527	8.8	2 140	28.8	11.2	25.5	14.0	1.7	105	222
	D2404/3	52.9	512	4.7	2 139	28.7	10.6	24.4	13.5	1.1	100	221
	D2404/4	49.7	507	7.8	2 180	27.4	11.6	28.7	13.0	0.9	89	241
样品岩性	样品编号	Ba	Pb	Rb	Th	U	Co	Ni	Nb	Ta	K
石英闪长斑岩	D1402/1	502	17.6	140	11.6	1.39	12.7	29.4	15.4	1.12	23 400
	D1402/2	247	10.5	106	8.85	1.62	8.72	11.7	22.4	2.34	8 879
	D1402/3	468	19.5	117	18.2	2.40	12.6	32.4	26.2	1.41	18 255
花岗闪长岩	D2404/2	353	17.2	179	22.0	3.32	4.98	7.18	17.8	1.09	32 943
	D2404/3	347	17.2	178	23.2	3.41	5.46	9.00	21.6	0.92	35 598
	D2404/4	371	14.5	172	20.1	3.36	5.76	9.15	17.2	1.33	35 100

图6 泥盆纪侵入岩SiO2-K2O图((a),底图据Peccerillo和Taylor[54])和A/CNK-A/NK图((b),底图据Rickwood[55])

Fig.6 SiO2 vs. K2O diagram ((a),after Peccerillo and Taylor [54]) and A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram ((b),after Rickwood[55])of the Devonian intrusive rocks

图7 泥盆纪侵入岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图((a),底图据Taylor和Mclenann [57])和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图((b),底图据Sun和McDonough [58])

Fig.7 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns((a), after Taylor and McLenann [57]) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram ((b), after Sun and McDonough [58]) of the Devonian intrusive rocks

图8 泥盆纪侵入岩SiO2-TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)(a)和MgO -TFeO图解(b)(底图据Maniar和Piccoli [67])、R1-R2图解(c)(底图据Batchelor和Bowden [68])和(Y+Nb)-Rb图解(d)(底图据Pearce [69])

Fig.8 Diagrams of SiO2-TFeO/(TFeO+MgO) (a) and MgO-TFeO (b) (after Maniar and Piccoli [67]), R1-R2 ((c), after Batchelor and Bowden [68]) and (Y+Nb)-Rb ((d),after Pearce [69]) of the Devonian intrusive rocks

图9 泥盆纪侵入岩Ce-Ce/Pb(a)、Nb-Nb/Th(b)、Th/Sm-Th/Ce(c)和Ta/Yb-Th/Yb(d)图解 (a)和(b)中原始地幔数据据Hofmann[78],大陆地壳、MORB+OIB和岛弧型火山岩区域数据据Schmidberger和Hegner[79],底图据Boztug等[75];(c)中印度洋MORB数据据Hofmann[80],GLOSS据Plank和Langmuir[81],底图据杜德道等[76];(d)中原始地幔数据据Hofmann[78],大陆地壳数据据Schmidberger和Hegner[79],底图据Pearce等[77],图中FC和SZ分别指结晶分离作用和俯冲区域

Fig.9 Diagrams of Ce-Ce/Pb (a),Nb-Nb/Th (b), Th/Sm-Th/Ce (c) and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb (d) of the Devonian intrusive rocks

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