基于分形理论的遥感蚀变信息和构造分析研究:以黑龙江多宝山地区为例

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

矿化蚀变信息提取和构造解译对于成矿预测具有重要意义,分形理论在遥感地质领域可用于揭示隐藏于复杂地形地物信息的精细结构,为遥感矿化蚀变信息提取和解译地质构造的定量分析提供理论基础和新方法。利用Landsat-8 OLI影像与相关的地质资料,基于分形理论研究黑龙江多宝山地区的蚀变信息与构造分形特征。采用“去干扰+波段比值+主成分分析+分形阈值分割”方法对蚀变异常信息进行提取,利用分形理论的盒维数法分别得到线性构造与蚀变信息分维等值线图,分析其空间展布及分形特征;并将构造和蚀变信息叠加与构造、蚀变分维高值区进行对比,同时与成矿地质背景进行比较。结果表明,遥感蚀变分维高值区与蚀变信息密集区一致,构造分形结果与成矿构造空间展布情况一致,叠加信息兼并了两者的优势信息,排除干扰缩小勘查范围,更为有效地突出了成矿有利部位。本文研究尝试了遥感蚀变异常与构造信息叠加的分形特征分析方法,不但可增加遥感信息利用度与精准性,同时分析结果反映其与实际成矿地质背景和勘查成果更加符合,可作为遥感信息综合找矿预测的一种新理论和新方法,也为研究区下一步勘查工作提供理论依据和找矿方向。

关键词: 分形理论, 遥感蚀变, 构造分析, 信息提取

Abstract:

Mineralization-alteration information extraction and structural interpretation are of great significance for metallogenic prediction. Fractal theory can be used to reveal the fine structure of hidden information in complex terrain features, in the field of remote sensing geology, and the theories and new methods for remote sensing mineralization/alteration information extraction and quantitative analysis of geological/structural interpretations. This study mainly used Landsat-8 OLI images and related geological data to study the alteration and structural fractal characteristics of the Duobaoshan area in Heilongjiang Province, based on analysis theory. The interference removal+band ratio+principal component analysis+fractal threshold segmentation method was used to extract the alteration anomaly information. Dimension contour map of linear structure and alteration was obtained by box dimension method of fractal theory, and its spatial distribution and fractal characteristics were analyzed. The structural and alteration information were superimposed to compare with the high value area of structural and alteration fractal dimension, and with the metallogenic geological background. The results show that the high-value area of remote sensing alteration fractal dimension coincides with the alteration data-intensive area, and the structural fractal results are consistent with the spatial distribution of ore-forming structures. The superimposed information combines the advantages of the two, i.e., eliminates interference, narrows the exploration scope, and more effectively highlights the favorable ore-forming sites. Here, the fractal feature analysis method of remote sensing alteration anomaly and structural information superposition is first applied. This method can increase the utilization and accuracy of remote sensing information, and is also more consistent with the actual metallogenic geological background and exploration results. It can be used as a new theory and method for comprehensive prospecting prediction of remote sensing data, and provides theoretical basis and prospecting direction for future exploration work in the area.

Key words: fractal theory, remote sensing alteration, structural analysis, information extraction

中图分类号:

P627
P612

赵忠海, 陈俊, 乔锴, 崔晓梦, 梁杉杉, 李成禄. 基于分形理论的遥感蚀变信息和构造分析研究:以黑龙江多宝山地区为例[J]. 现代地质, 2023, 37(01): 153-163.

ZHAO Zhonghai, CHEN Jun, QIAO Kai, CUI Xiaomeng, LIANG Shanshan, LI Chenglu. Remote Sensing Alteration and Structure Analysis Based on Fractal Theory: A Case Study of Duobaoshan Area of Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(01): 153-163.

图/表 12

图 1 研究区大地构造位置图(a)和地质简图(b)

Fig.1 Tectonic map (a) and geological sketch map (b) of the study area

图2 数据处理流程图

Fig.2 Data processing flow chart

表1 主成分分析统计结果

Table 1 Statistics of principal component analysis

特征向量	Band6/ Band7	Band6/ Band2	Band5/ Band4	Band4/ Band2
PC1	0.1866	0.8967	0.2707	0.2965
PC2	0.5703	-0.4283	0.3823	0.5875
PC3	-0.3402	0.0107	-0.5971	0.7265
PC4	-0.7241	-0.1113	0.6513	0.1978

图3 lgN(r)-lgr图(灰度频数)

Fig.3 lgN(r)-lgr for grey frequency

图 4 基于分型的研究区铁染蚀变异常图(a)、镜铁矿化(b)和褐铁矿化(c)

Fig.4 Iron staining alteration anomaly map in the study area based on fractal statistics (a), mirror Fe mineralization (b), and ferritization (c)

图5 研究区铁染蚀变异常分维等值线图

Fig.5 Contour map for fractal dimension values of FCA in the study area

图6 研究区遥感解译构造解译图(a)、构造方位统计玫瑰图(b)和构造解译标志(c)

Fig.6 Remote sensing fault interpretation map (a), structural azimuth statistical rose chart (b) and structural interpretive markers (c) of the study area

图7 全区线性构造分形统计结果lgN(r)-lgr图

Fig.7 lgN(r)-lgr for fractal statistical results

表2 研究区与其他地区线性构造分形特征比较

Table 2 Comparison of fractal characteristics of the study area with other areas

区域	分维值	资料来源
黑龙江多宝山地区构造	1.7538	本次计算
广西大瑶山西北地区构造	1.6897	蒋超等^[17]
中国四川盆地中部断裂带	1.5300	Fan^[51]
中国上杭—云霄断裂带	1.3600	Lyu^[52]
西藏阿里住浪矿区线性构造	1.8412	张渊等^[53]
湘南九嶷山地区断裂	1.1155	雷天赐等^[18]
中国青藏高原地区断裂	1.2373	朱晓华^[54]
中国大陆断裂	1.2366	朱晓华^[54]
华南地区线性构造	1.3500	孔凡臣等^[55]
日本岛弧线性构造	<1.6000	Hirata^[56]

图8 研究区构造分维等值线图

Fig.8 Contour map of the fault fractal dimension values in the study area

图9 分形维数尺度划分步骤示意图(r=4410 m)

Fig.9 Schematic diagrams of fractal dimension scale division steps

图10 蚀变信息与构造信息叠加分维等值线图

Fig.10 Contour map for fractal dimension values of integrating alteration and structural information

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