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    20 March 2005, Volume 19 Issue Suppl
    Engineering Geology and Environmental Geology
    A TRIAL STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS AND SOURCE ROCKS OF THE MARINE SEQUENCES IN SOUTH CHINA
    ZHOU Yan, WO Yu-jin, XIAO Kai-hua, YANG Zhi-qiang, ZHANG Yun-xia
    2005, 19(Suppl):  1-6. 
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    The styles of depositional system in marine sequence have been studied in South China. As a result, there are three styles of depositional systems: the depositional systems of continent, the depositional systems of transition between marine and continent, the depositional systems of marine. They can been further divided into fourteen systems and several sub-facies and delicate facies in South China. The relationship between the depositional systems and source rocks of the marine sequences in South China is very close. The favorable facies for source rock development is basin or open sea terrace. There are favorable conditions for hydrocarbon generation and higher content of TOC in the marsh facies which is between the marine facies and continental facies , and middle to better conditions for hydrocarbon generation in those facies such as open sea terrace, shallow sea terrace , terrace margin, slop, and shelf.

    SEDIMENTOLOGY COMPARISON BETWEEN FAN DELTA AND SUBAQUEOUS ALLUVIAL FAN IN THE LUOJIA AND
      KENXI AREAS,JIYANG DEPRESSION
    PENG Chuan-sheng,WANG Yong-shi,LIN Hui-xi,JI You-liang,SUN Ai-min
    2005, 19(Suppl):  7-13. 
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    The glutenites reserve abundant heavy oil in the Luojia and Kenxi areas,Jiyang depression. But their reservoir capabilities, oil saturation and fluid kinematical characters during exploitation have much discrepancy. By analyzing drilling, logging and kinds of analytical data in detail, their sedimentological characteristics are studied. Facies of Luojia glutenites has been disputed as nearshore subaqueous fan, subaqueous alluvial fan and fan delta facies by some scholars. But combined many factors, they should be of subaqueous alluvial fan which developed on steep flat slope.Facies of Kenxi glutenites always are classified as subaqueous alluvial fan due to no onshore sediment. According to their sedimentological characteristics, they are of special fan delta which comprises of rooting subaqueous alluvial bodies subfacies,fan delta leading edge subfacies and fore fan delta subfacies. By comparing, the two facies are different in many aspects such as sedimentary backgrounds, sedimentary dynamic settings and sedimentary characters including lithofacies, rock textures, sedimentary structures and facies sequences. They have different sedimentary models. This study provids important information for explorating advantageous microfaciesreservoirs and selecting waterflooding programs during glutenites heavy oil exploration and exploitation.

    THE RISE AND FALL OF LONGTERM BASE LEVEL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RIFTED BASIN,TAKE THE SHAHEJIE FORMATION IN  DONGYING DEPRESSION AS AN EXAMPLE
    ZHANG Hai-feng,ZHANG Lin-ye,LIU Qing
    2005, 19(Suppl):  14-19. 
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    The long-term base level of the rifted basin is controlled by tectonic movements and associated with the evolution of the basin. The rise and fall of the base level influence the depth,area and sedimentary rate of lacustrine. It is recorded in strata and identified by sequence architectures,lacustrine hydrogeologic features and source rocks. The fourth member to the lower second member of the Shahejie Formation comprises one second-order sequence which consists of lowstand system tract (lower-middle Es4),transgressive system tract(upper Es4),early highstand system tract(lower Es3),late highstand system tract(middle and upper Es3) and regressive system tract(lower Es2).Consequently,the lacustrine hydrogeologic features of Dongying palaeolake show five stages which include intermittent lake at the beginning of rift,permanent closed lake through the acceleration of subsidence,deep closed lake during the maximum subsidence,open lake after the slowdown of the subsidence and open lake through the acceleration of the fall of the base level.Additionally,the resource rocks formed in different stages have different characteristics that are shown by the richness and type of organic matter.

    STUDY OF CLAY MINERALS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RESERVOIRS IN THE ZHENGJIA-WANGZHUANG AREA
    WANG Feng-hua,ZHANG Guan-long, YUAN Wen-fang, CHEN Shi-yue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  20-26. 
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    Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolinite and randomly interstratified illite/montmorillonites(S/I) in the clastic reservoir in Shahejie Formation in the Zhengjia-Wangzhuang area in DongYing sag according to thin section, X-ray diffraction, infrared ray spectrum analyses. Still, illite and chlorite exist in a small amount. The results of the study show that S/I can the subdivided into three kinds: calcium type, natrium type and their mixture type, of which the natrium one has the worst influence on reservoirIn this area, the high crystallinity kaolinite is the most, and its most possible origin is authigenic. The low crystallinity kaolinite is allogenic or from feldspar's alteration. And authigenic kaolinite can improve the reservoir physics effectively.

    AN ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL-BEARING RESERVOIRS OF THE GLUTENITES IN THE WELL LI85 AREA OF LIJIN OILFIELD,SHANDONG PROVINCE
    Yang He-min
    2005, 19(Suppl):  27-31. 
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    In order to improve the economic profit of exploratory development of glutenite reservoir in Lijing oilfield, the characteristics of reservoir and the distributions of the oil-bearing formation  are studied using data of coring,logging,well test etc. It is concluded that the main reservoirs are glutenites of the third and fourth of members of Shahejie Formation, that oil-bearing formations focus on sets Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation. Interpretation charts for discriminating oil, water and dry formations are built in the well Li85 area and are applied to interpret and evaluate these kinds of oil-bearing glutenites, this study is useful for estimation of original oil in-place and can provide targets of further exploratory development.

    APPLICATION OF THE ESR AGE OF QUARTZ IN THE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS—AN EXAMPLE FROM WELL YI 3-7-7 IN JIYANG DEPRESSION
    ZHAO Yong, CAO Ying-chang, YANG Wei-li
    2005, 19(Suppl):  32-36. 
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    Es3-Es2 in the Shahejie Formation of well Yi3-7-7  in Jiyang depression can be divided into three 3rd order sequences. Sequence 1 corresponds to the lower stage of Es3, sequence 2 to the middle stage of Es3, sequence 3 to the period of the upper stage of Es3. Based on the dense sampling and the ESR age of quartz of 88 blocks, this paper has built the relationship between the sequence stratigraphic framework and the ESR age. The duration of a 3rd order sequence is from 1 Ma to 4 Ma, while a para-sequence is from 13,000 to 200,000 years. The duration and sedimentation rate differ during the each stage of a 3rd order sequence. In the early and late stage of the 3rd sequence, the duration of the para-sequence is short and the sedimentation rate is high. On the contrary, the duration is long and the sedimentation rate is low in the middle stage.

    STUDY ON POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY THRESHOLD FOR HYDROCARBON  ACCUMULATION OF CLASTIC ROCKS IN TERTIARY SYSTEM, JIYANG DEPRESSION,SHANDONG
    2005, 19(Suppl):  37-41. 
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    Phenomena of same oil and gas filling conditions and obviously different oil-bearing were very common in clastic rocks of Tertiary system in Jiyang depression, which constrained seriously further exploration and evaluation of reservoirs. A vast amount of data of drilling and testing shows that porosity and permeability of clastic rock reservoir has an important effect on hydrocarbon accumulation, and there exists different porosity and permeability thresholds in different strata and different regions.The reservoir in different strata has different porosity structures and hydrocarbon accumulation resisting forces, and the oil and gas in different regions has different oil accumulation dynamic forces. Study on porosity and permeability threshold, which controlled by oil accumulation forces and reservoir porosity and permeability character, was used to interpret geologic phenomena of same hydrocarbon conditions and obviously different oil-bearing of sandstone, and was of practical importance for analysis and evaluation of petroleum accumulation.

    DIAGENESIS CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELS IN THE DEEP RESERVOIR OF PALEOGENE IN DONGYING DEPRESSION,SHANDONG
    WANG Guo-guang,CAO Ying-chang,CUI Da-yong,ZHANG Yan-feng
    2005, 19(Suppl):  42-48. 
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    Based on the synthetical analysis of observation of thin section, scan electrical scope, cathode analysis, X-diffraction, etc.,  there exist five kinds of diagenetic events and three kinds of diagenetic facies in the deep reservoir of Dongying depression. Combined with the analysis of Ro, palaeogeotherm and so on, the deep reservoir has been in the late diagenetic stage. According to the structural characteristic of Dongying depression, the diagenestic models of different structural belts have been built, there are still favourable secondary pore developed zones in the deep reservoir of different structural belts.

    ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER TERTIARY SEDIMENT CHARACTER ON THE SOUTH OF THE CHENGBEI SAG TO THE WEST OF THE ZHUANGDONG SAG,BOHAI BAY BASIN
    2005, 19(Suppl):  49-53. 
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    After analyzing the stratum and lithological character of the Lower Tertiary of the south of the Chengbei sag to the west of the Zhuangdong sag,Bohai Bay basin,using the knowledge of biologic stratigraphy,lithologic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy,we study the palaeoenvironmental setting of the study area on the base of changing of palaeoclimate and tectonic movement. This paper comprehensively summarizes the sedimentary system types and evolutive character of the Lower Tertiary faulted basin in Chengbei sag,then studies the main dominant factors of evolvement of the sedimentary system and sequence,and divides Lower Tertiary into three sequences, including Kongdian Formation to lower Shasi subformation,upper Shasi subformation to lower Shaer subformation,and upper Shaer subformation to Dongying Formation. The main dominative factors of the evolvement of the sedimentary system and sequence include the movement of structure,the change of climate and the filling of sediments.

    SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEP-SLOPE PROGRADING FAN DELTA IN THE LUANPING FAULTED BASIN
    ZHANG Xuan-jie,LUO Ping,ZHANG Xing-yang,GU Jia-yu,FANG Xiao-rong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  54-58. 
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    In Lower Cretaceous Luanping faulted basin is characterized as an alluvial fan—fan delta—lake depositional system. Different types of fan deltas develope under different tectonic settings during evey period of the basin evolution have been found in the outcrops.The fan delta is developed along the steep-slope belt of the faulted basin. The fan delta front is composed of front sheet sand,mouth bar,front channel and overbank sheet-flow deposits. The mouth bar and overbank sheet-flow microfacies are typical in the fan delta front, which are both controlled by periodically developed floods in the channels.Produced by the joint effects of sheet-flow (traction current or grain flow) out of channel mouth with high flow energy and lake waves or currents, the mouth bar is of relatively good reservoir quality.With poor reservoir quality, the overbank sheet-flow unit is deposited by the suspension-load flow over the distal-front channel's bank. Considering the regional distribution features of sedimentary sequence and deposition system, we propose that this type of fan delta progresses to the secondary fault zone along the steep-slope belt during the later period of fault basin uplifting. A depositional model of this kind fan delta has been established.

    THE BRAIDED FLUVIAL DELTA DEPOSITIONAL CHARACTERISTICSAND OIL-BEARING PROPERTIES OF THE UPPER SHASAN MEMBER IN THE LIUXI REGION, RAOYANG SAG
    LIANG Hong-bin,WANG Hai-chao,HAN Chun-yuan,CUI Zhou-qi,GUO Yong-jun,
    2005, 19(Suppl):  59-63. 
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    Based on the analysis of depositional settings, sandbody characteristics and core observations of wells drilled, the upper Shasan Member is a braided fluvial delta with a undeveloped delta plain. The braided fluvial delta front includes underwater distributary channel, mouth bar and sand sheet.The reservoir at the interval of 3200-4000m belongs to secondary pore type in the Liuxi region. The sandbodies of distributary channel and mouth bar buried less 4000m are all of exploratory targets with economic benefit. Structural landform low in the south and high in the north matchs with sandbodies  closed to westeast through going in the Liuxi region.So the conditions for pool-forming are created later. The structural reservoirs develop in the north and subtle reservoirs in the middle-south under the control of brush faulted system.

    SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM AND SOURCE PROVENANCE ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER MEMBER OF LOWER GANCHAIGOU FORMATION IN WESTERN QAIDAM BASIN
    CAO Guo-qiang,YUAN Wen-fang, PENG De-hua, XU Feng-yin, CHEN Shi-yue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  64-69. 
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    Based on studies of depositional environment, assemblage of heavy mineral and stability factor of heavy mineral of the lower member of lower Ganchaigou Formation in the western Qaidam Basin, there are 5 source directions:(1)Akatengneng Mountain direction in the north of the Altun slope;(2)southern Datongshan -Annanba-Altun Mountain direction in the north of Xiaoliangshan-Niubiziliang;(3)Yuejin direction in the west of Qimantage Moumtain;(4)Dongchaishan-Huangshi direction in the east of Qimantage Moumtain;(5)Alar direction between Altun Mountain and Qimantage Moumtain. Different source areas control the development of sedimentary systems.There are 4 sedimentary systems in western Qaidam Basin:(1)the alluvial fan-delta fan-sublacustrine fan-deep lake sedimentary system in the west of Altun Mountain;(2)the alluvial fan-braided river-delta-littoral lake sedimentary system in the middle of Altun Mountain;(3)the alluvial fan-river-delta-littoral lake sedimentary system in front of Qimantage Moumtain;(4)the ancient Alar river-delta-littoral lake sedimentary system. According to the theory of sedimentary system distribution and oil and gas accumulation, fan delta, delta,beach bar and sub-lacustrine fan have good oilgenerating strata and reservoirs,where are the most prospective areas for exploration.

    RESEARCH ON THE RESERVOIR FEATURES OF CANGFANGGOU GROUP IN THE BAIJIAHAI-WUCAIWAN AREA
    GUO Jian-ping,FENG Xing-qiang
    2005, 19(Suppl):  70-73. 
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    The rock types are various in Cangfanggou Group of the Baijiahai-Wucaiwan area. The reservoir is of crack-pore type. The diagenetic types are various and complex, such as mechanical packing, cementation and so on, and the diagenetic stage is in late diagenetic epoch. The lithology, sedimentary facies and diagenesis have different influences on the reservoir properties Six sandbody types are identified in Cangfanggou Group, which are alluvial-fan-braided-river-glutinite-body, underwateralluvial-fan-glutinite, fan-delta-glutinite-body, sublacustrine-fan-glutinite, near-shllow-lake-beach-dam-body and meanderingriver-fluvial-channel-sand-body.The evaluation criterion about the reservoir is established by detailed analysis on the sandbodies.Sandbodies of Fan delta and sub-lacustrine fan are the most beneficial reservoirs. Sandbodies of alluvial fan and subfluvial alluvial fan are more beneficial reservoirs.

    FRACTURE SYSTEM AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN ORDOVICIAN RESERVOIR OF THE TAHE OILFIEL
    XIAO Yu-ru,HE Feng-yu
    2005, 19(Suppl):  74-79. 
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    Tahe oilfield, discovered in the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang has 0.1 billion tons of OOIP. Fracture system is a main reservoir type in the Tahe oilfield. The original model of the fracture system was built by the fine carbonate reservoir description. The fractures were divided into structural fracture and diagenetic fracture. The microfractures were developed well and most of them were oil-bearing. There were two strike directions of fracture: one was NEE—SWW,another was nearly S—N. According to the relationship between the fractures and their distributions, the characteristics of rock chemistry and geochemistry of the fractures,the development of the fractures of carbonate reservoir in Ordovician were divided into four periods: the Caledonian period, the early Hercynian period,the late Hercynian-Indosinian period and Yashan-Himalayan period, The controlling factors of formation and development of the fractures were summarized,such as lithology,the thicknesses of the strata, the fault function,the characteristics of structure stress, the local structure,the changes of strata loading, karst and buried depths etc.

    ANALYSIS OF THE SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM OF SANGONGHE FORMATION OF JURASSIC IN THE MIDDLE OF JUNGGAR BASIN
    WANG Ju-feng,DENG Hong-wen,XIE Xiao-jun
    2005, 19(Suppl):  80-86. 
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    This paper summarized the microfacies-types and indicators of the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the middle of Junggar Basin based on core observation and combining the variation of sandstone percentage as well the drilling/logging characteristics and seismic reflection indicators, and pointed out that the growth and distribution of the sandbody's microfacies in Sangonghe stage are dominated by the depositional sources from both the northeast and the northwest directions. The changes of datum level and A/S ratio and the diversity of depositional sources and palaeogeomorphology in different sedimentary stages caused the variance of the sedimentary facies and their evolution characteristics. Vertically, the sedimentary facies experiences the course of braided river delta (fan delta)-meandering river delta-lacustrine, among which the mouth bar sandbodies at the delta front and those of underwater branched channels are important targets for exploration.

    STUDY ON SEDIMENTARY-TECTONIC EVOLUTION IN NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN, QINGHAI PROVINCE
    PENG De-hua,XU Feng-yin,YUAN Wen-fang,CHEN Shi-yue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  87-91. 
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    Jurassic deposition was extensively developed in the northern Qaidam Basin. According to sequence stratigraphical analysis of outcrops, the Jurassic profile in the Dameigou area can be divided into 6 sequences. Sequences 1 and 4 consist of lowstand, water transgression and highstand systems tracts, and sequences 2, 3 and 5 consist of lowstand and transgression systems tracts. However, sequence 6 only consists of a lowstand systems tract. The development of depositional sequences is controlled by lake level changes and basement faulting, which continued to be active in the Jurassic. The result of sedimentarytectonic evolution research indicates that Qaidam Basin is fault subsidence. This kind of basin framework determined that the coalforming environment would occur in the north side of northern boundary fault of the Qaidam Basin and the south side of Lingjian fault, and the source rock would develop in the central subsidence belt between the two faults.

    CONTROLLING ACTION OF FAULTS IN THE MIDDLE CALEDONIAN ON THE ORDOVICIAN RESERVOIR IN
    TAHE OILFIELD OF TARIM BASIN,XINJIANG
    WU Xing-wei ,ZHANG Tao,SHI Yu,ZHANG Da-jing
    2005, 19(Suppl):  92-95. 
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    According to evidence on truncation and hiatus in the fossil information, and the data of drilling hole from Ordovician Formation between Yijianfang and Qia'erbake in Tahe oilfield which is located in the north of Xinjiang, it is conformed that the forming of the fracture-cavity reservoir in Ordovician is affected by karsification, which is depended on the fractures. On the basis of the lately results of seismic interpretation, four faults are identified in the formation of Ordovician, which stretch to north northwest,north northeast, east-west and north-south. The growing of the faults is accompanied by fractures, and is also regarded as the path for karsification. This causes the fact that the stretch of reservoir is same to that of the fault, and thus proves that the forming of Ordovician reservoir has been controlled by the faults that developed in the middle of Caledonian.

    RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF LIANGLITAGE FORMATION OF UPPER ORDOVICIAN IN TAHE OILFIELD
    ZHANG Tao,WU Xing-wei,YANG Ling,CHEN Xia
    2005, 19(Suppl):  96-100. 
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    Lianglitage Formation of Upper Ordovician is made up of microcrystalline limestone and shale ribbon-bearing limestone which generated in the platform facies and the marginal facies of platform. The types of reservoir include fissure, fissure-hole and fissure-carven. The factors controlling the growth of reservoirs mainly include the content of CaCO3 of Lianglitage Formation, the rifting in early stage, the palaeokarst and sedimentary facies; there were two periods of palaeokarst in Lianglitage Formation between the wedgeout of Lianglitage Formation and the onlap border  of Sangtamu Formation, so the region can be regarded as the middling region for the growth of reservoir,blocking out the region of 912 km2 that is favorable to the growth of reservoir of Lianglitage Formation.The result provides a theoretical base for the oil breakout of Upper Ordovician and the extension of main force pay formation in the south of Tahe oilfield.

    GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPLORATORY SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS IN THE HALF-GARBEN BASIN:TAKING THE MIDDLE OF WULIYASITAI DEPRESSION AS AN EXAMPLE
    SHI Shu-ling,ZHANG Hai-feng,ZHANG Qing-de, WANG Yu-sheng
    2005, 19(Suppl):  101-104. 
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    The middle Wuliyasitai faulted depression is taken as an example of half-garben, the depositional systems of which include braided channel delta, lowstand wedge, basin-floor fan and nearshore fan. The spatial distribution of depositional systems is controlled by a slope break zone. It is found that a basin floor fan is deposited in the depression margin followed by a near shore fan in a steep slope. A braided fan delta and lowstand wedge and basin floor fan are  deposited in a gentle slope and a depression margin. The characteristics of depositional systems are generalized with well logging responses and sesimic reflections.The depostional systems are deposited in the gentle slope and depression margins collocated with the maximum flooding surfaces to form effective source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages.

    DIAGENESIS AND RESERVIOR CHARACTERISTICS FOR SANDSTONES OF THE THIRD MEMBER OF HETAOYUAN FORMATION IN THE SHUANGHE OILFIELD, HENAN PROVINCE
    NG Kuan-bing,FENG Cai-qing,WEI Ran,TANG Xiao-chuan,LI Xia
    2005, 19(Suppl):  105-109. 
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    Being made of quartz, feldspar and rock fragment,sandstone reservoirs of the third member of the Hetaoyuan Formation are major oil layers in the Shuanghe oilfield, whose diagenetic evolution can be divided into early and middle diagenesis period. Filtration, hydration and mechanical compaction were the main mechanisms in early diagenesis period and the immature stage of middle diagenesis period; on the other hand, cementation, dissolution, replacement, pressure solution and recrystallization were the main mechanisms in the low-mature stage, mature A stage, mature B stage of middle diagenesis period. Pore evolution is genetically related to diagenetic evolution, and diagenesis results in a pore-evolutionary process that includes the decreasing of primary pore, the increasing and the reducing of secondary pore. Being more stable and having more types than primary pore, though its reservoir capacity has big difference because of its complex structure, secondary pore is the main part of pore system that is made of both primary pore and secondary pore. With big pore space,intergrain pore is the principal pore of secondary pore. Sandstone reservoirs of the third member of the Hetaoyuan Formation have very good reservoir capacity.

    FLUME-EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION ON THE FORMATION OF FAN DELTA ON THE STEEP SLOPE
    MA Hui,YAN Ji-hua,ZHANG Guan-long,CHEN Shi-yue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  110-114. 
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    The formation and characteristics of fan delta on the steep slope are simulated by flume experiments. It is found that during the formation the fan delta prograde forward and accrete upward constantly. The frequent diverting and crevasse of channels on the fan surface are the dynamical mechanism in the development of fan delta. Because of the stop from waterbody in flume, the growth rate in lateral sides is quicker than that in the front of fan, the ratio of length and breadth of fan is less than 1. The change of water level in flume controls the characteristics of fan delta plain, and the descending of water level makes for the incision of channels and the progradation of the fan. The fan delta face is divided into three subfacies as plain, front slope and prodelta. These subfacies have different gradients on the fan surface and sedimentary dynamical mechanism, which result in the evident fan-surface gradient and granularity distributing.

    THE ORIGIN AND ERUPTIVE MODELS OF VOLCANIC CONES OF EARLY TERTIARY IN HUIMIN SAG,SHANDONG
    LIU Sheng-zhi,ZHANG Shi-qi,JIANG Zai-xing,WANG Jin-you,WEI Chui-gao,LIU Jin-hua
    2005, 19(Suppl):  115-120. 
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    The volcanic cones of Early Tertiary are widely distributed in Huimin sag,Shandong.According to core descriptions, thin-section identifications, petrochemical analysis and comprehensive researchs of logging data and features of sesmic profiles, the development characteristics and formation mechanism of the volcanic cones have been studied profoundly. It is revealed that in the studied area, the lithology of the main volcanic cone is basaltic pyroclastic rock, and the volcanic activities have the characteristics of long term and multistage. The magma was mainly origined from the magma chamber in the middle and shallow crust, and the near east-west fault systems were the major passages through which magma was erupted to the earth surface and formed volcanic cone.The activity intensity and combinational models of the faults controlled the developments and distributions of volcanic cones. On the basis of the above, the eruptive models of volcanic rocks are summerized,which are  fracture, transitional and central eruptive models. There are different volcanic activities, petrofacies distribution and hydrocarbon-bearing in different kinds of eruptive models.

    THE FORMING PERIODS OF STRUCTURAL FRACTURES OF METAMORPHIC BURIED HILL RESERVOIRS IN
    DAMINTUN DEPRESSION, LIAOHE BASIN
    CHEN Shao-sheng, ZHANG Ji-chang,BAO Zhi-dong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  121-123. 
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    Structural fractures are not only seepage paths but also space for oil in metamorphic buried hill reservoirs. The theory of extending structure,isotopic dating, analysis of inclusion is applied to predict the forming period of fractures, then a better illustration for distributing characters of structural fractures in the margin of Liaohe basin is given, so good base for predicting the distribution of structural fractures in reservoir formation is made.

    STRUCTURAL STYLE OF BONAN DEPRESSION AND BASIN EVOLUTION
    CAI Zhong-dong,KANG Ren-hua,ZHANG Jian-zhen,LIANG Hui-she,ZHU Jing-quan
    2005, 19(Suppl):  124-131. 
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    Bonan depression is a complex basin formed during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. It is steep in north slope and gentle in south slope, which is controlled by listric faults. The balanced section technique is used to study its sedimentation and subsiding. It is indicated that the depression is not a sample extension structure, and the reverse structures were existed in different evolution stages. The intensive extension and weak compression were alternatively occurred during its evolution. The heaved blocks around the basin and the boundary faults controlled the deformation and sedimentation of the depression.

    STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES OF THRUST BELTS AND ITS APPLICATION
    LOU Zhan-wei, PAN Liang-yun,DUAN Shu-fu, XIE Jie-lai, ZHANG Hong-wei
    2005, 19(Suppl):  132-138. 
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    Thrust belts of foreland basin are  very important exploration fields for oil and gas in the middle-west of China. But, the geological condition of the surface and underground is complex. It is difficult for seismic acquisition and processing. There exist a series of technique problems in structural interpretation. It is difficult to identify structure style and geological pattern exactly. Because seismic velocity changes vertically and horizontally, it is difficult to exactly identify structural trap shape. To be aimed at the difficulties of structural interpretation in the south of Jiuquan basin, we apply the structural interpretation techniques of thrust belts and deepen the recognition of structural characteristics. The results direct the oil and gas exploration in the basin and get preferably exploration effect. 

    INTENSITY OF FAULT ACTIVITY OF PALEOGENE IN DONGYING SAG
    SUN Xi-xin, DAI Jun-sheng, WANG Yun-he,SONG Yong-dong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  139-142. 
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    The Paleogene Dongying sag is an extensional half-graben that is cut in north and is overlapped in south, and develop many growth faults. Intensity of growth fault directly reflects structured intensity of sag, and controls creation, migration and congregation of combination gas. This article expresses intensity of growth fault by fault falls and calculates obviously active fault falls from the third subage of the Shahejie stage to Dongying Formation.During the early time of the third subage of the Shahejie stage, it has 45 obviously active faults and the maximum fall is 450 m; there has 47 ones during the middle time of the third subage and the maximum fall is 500 m; it has 49 ones from the late time of the third subage to the early time of the second subage and the maximum fall is 500 m; it has 49 ones from the late time of the second subage to the first subage and the maximum fall is 300 m; the early stage of the Dongying Formation has 45 ones and the maximum fall is 150 m, and the late stage has 38 ones,its maximum fall is 230 m.

    A QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR COMPRESSIONAL PALAEOSTRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTION
    ZHANG Yan, XU Da-feng, ZHAO Wen-zhi
    2005, 19(Suppl):  143-150. 
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    Compressional basins widely develop in the mid-western area of China are dramatically different from their originals. In order to understand oil and gas resource potential of these compressional basins, analyse petroleum geological characteristics of different plays and different structural traps in the same play, their original structures need reconstruct. Then the hydrocarbon kitchen, source-reservoir-cap rock association of the play, traps forming and evolution are studied from geologic historical point of view. Guided by seismic interpretation with the standpoint of balance and based on erosional thickness, reconstruct compressional palaeostructures are conducted horizon by horizon and line by line by using reconstruction point moving extrapolation method. Finally reconstruction of original structure of the studied geological unit is realized in the 3D domain. The results will help geologists to build up a concept of structure evolution, and provide a foundation for in-depth integrated evaluation of petroleum geologic characteristics and for choosing favorable exploration targets.

    THE METHOD OF TRANSFER OF THE GRID UNIT IN STRESS FIELD AND RESERVOIR NUMERICAL SIMULATION
    SUN Ye-heng, ZHOU Yong-yi, DAI Jun-sheng, WANG Bi-feng
    2005, 19(Suppl):  151-154. 
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    It is a key point of high-precision numerical simulation in fractured reservoir to transfer grid unit with both stress field simulation and reservoir numerical simulation.This article holds up two methods of transfer of grid unit, which are vertex corresponding way and section center corresponding way,and analyses their advantages and disadvantages.Vertex corresponding way that have high calculated precision and the simple calculated method,it has aneffect on some functions of stress field simulation and is fit for more calculations to grid unit.Section center corresponding way is in favor of  some especial function of stress field simulation,its calculated method is complex, but its calculated precision infer to vertex corresponding way,so it is fit for less calculation to grid unit.Sha-3 member in the Shi-100 area is a pool with fractured sandstone reservoir.Based on identifying fissures,quantitative relation between stress and fissure parameter was established.Using the vertex corresponding way,80,000 grid units with numerical simulation result were converted to finite element grid units,and then paleostructure stress field which was formed at fissure developing phase was simulated and its result was shown.At last, reservoir parameters of low permeability sandstone,such as porosity and permeability, were got by using the present ground stress simulation, this method will make base for this type of reservoir numerical simulation.

    TECTONIC EVOLUTION AND RESERVOIR FISSURE PREDICTION OF LOWER SHUGUANG BURIED HILL IN LIAOHE RIFT
    WEI Xi,ZHU Yong-jun,DENG Jin-fu,LI Yu-xi,ZHAO Guo-chun,SONG Bai-rong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  155-160. 
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    Fissures are primary types of reservoir space in Shuguang buried hills. The formation, reconstruction and distribution law of reservoir fissures are related to area stress field. Fissure characteristic and its origin analysis indicate that Early-Middle Jurassic and Early Paleogene are the main period for the formation and reconstruction of reservoir fissures in Shuguang buried hills, and the former shows a  counter clockwise compression area stress field in 125°-305°; the latter shows a clockwise extension area stress field in 80°-260°. The results of core fissures statistics and area-stress-field simulation indicate a nice linearity relation between fissure density and strain energy, by which reservoir fissures of different bed set in Shuguang buried hills were predicted. The fissure density chorograms reveal that the fissure density in Archaeozoic migmatitic granite and Proterozoic quartzose sandstone near the area along the wells of S103, S107, S109 and Sg92, slate and dolostone is correspondingly big (more than 196 items per meter and become much more and more towards northeast); so is it in Paleozoic limestone near the area between well S109 and Sg92, and the southwest area of well S103 (the fissure density is more than 200 items per meter). Fissure types include shearing macrofissures and extension microfissures. The macrofissures distribute obviously in the directions of 10°-30°, 50°-85° and 320°-345°among which the 50°-85° is the most upgrowth ones.

    FAULT SEAL ANALYSIS OF DU 212 BLOCK IN SHUGUANG OILFIELD,LIAOHE
    YE Xian-deng
    2005, 19(Suppl):  161-164. 
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    This paper analyzes the control factors of fault seal of Du 212 block in Shuguang Oilfield,Liaohe. The way of blur integrated judge is adopted to analyse the seal of four faults of Dalinghe Formation. It indicates that Du 408,Du 411 faults have good seal, Du 239 has good seal in Ⅰ1,Ⅰ2,Ⅱ1 zones, but bad seal in Ⅱ2 zone and Shu31.359 has bad seal.This result corresponds with production, and has important roles in production and residual oil development.

    TECTONIC FRAMEWORK AND GEODYNAMIC MECHANISMS OF DAHONGSHAN  ARC STRUCTURE DURING THE LATE INDOSINIAN PERIOD TO EARLY YANSHANIAN PERIOD IN JIANGHAN PLAIN
    LIU Yun-sheng,GUO Zhan-feng,YANG Zhen-wu,LIU Xin-ming
    2005, 19(Suppl):  165-170. 
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    Owing to the continent-continent collision between North China and Yangtze continental blocks during the late Indosinian period to early Yanshanian period, Jianghan plain is at the regional compress geodynamic field. Its boundary is east Qingfeng-Xiangfan-Guangji faulted zone and Jiangnan thrusted nappe structure belt and Huangling uplift. Dahongshan arc structure which cusp points to southwest is formed under the condition of the regional geodynamic field and the boundary environments. The formation and evolution of the arc structure are mostly controlled by major orogenic processes in the east Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt. Arc structure is a complex thrusted nappe system with multiple superimposed structures. Generally, the nappe structure moved from the northeast to the southwest. The structural deformation trend of the arc structure changes from strong to weak and deep to shallow from the northeast to the southwest.With the formation of longitudinal shear fracture belts Dahongshan arc structure is divided into three tectonic units, which are Dangyang-Jingshan structural area and Jingzhou-Xiantao structural area and Echeng-Daye structural area. Jianghan plain looks like structural framework with blocks in north-south direction and belts in west-east direction. The top of the arc structure is buried under Cretaceous-Paleogene stratum of Jianghan basin during the late Yanshanian period to the Himalayan period for the reason of tectonic inversion and rift faulting of the longitudinal shear fracture.

    EFFECT OF LATE TECTONIC MOVEMENTS ON THE PETROLEUM ACCUMULATION CONDITIONS OF PALEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC MARINE FORMATIONS IN LOWER YANGTZI REGION
    WO Yu-jin,XIAO Kai-hua,ZHOU Yan,ZHANG Yun-xia,YANG Zhi-qiang
    2005, 19(Suppl):  171-175. 
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    There have been three tectonic evolution stages of the tectonic movements since Late Sinian in the lower Yangtze region, with the generation of thrust structural framework within the Paleozoic and Mesozoic marine formations, and thus the generation of the differentiated geological structure and thrust nappes. Moreover, the complex of former compressional basins and later faulted basins significantly controlled the hydrocarbon origin, reservoir characteristics and sealing conditions, to a great degree, bring about the reconstruction of source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages.During the processes of compressional uplift and thrust nappe forming and fracturing in the geological history, the original petroleum reservoirs had been destroyed, as well as the sealing conditions of the late accumulation reconstruction,but the hydrocarbon generation of the marine source rocks had been canceled, in favor of valid reservoir space.Extensive subsidence and superposed sedimentation increased the source rock maturity, hence the secondary hydrocarbon generation.Meanwhile, the seal ability in the region was decreased through the highly developed diagenesis and brittleness of the seal.

    GEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC OF COALBED METHANE IN THE EASTERN EDGE OF THE ORDOS BASIN
    WANG Ming-shou,TANG Da-zhen,XU Hao,LENG Xue,HUANG Zhi-wei,HUANG Guang-lin
    2005, 19(Suppl):  176-180. 
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    The eastern edge of the Ordos Basin is one of the most active areas in coalbed methane exploration and exploitation. Integrated with previous exploration data, the authors simulated sedimentary and thermal history of this area, and divided its thermal evolvement into 3 stages.Based on it, through analyses of gas-bearing property, penetrability and pressure gradient,it is drawn that the gas-bearing property is high in the south and west and is low in the north and east horizontally, and coal with good penetrability is mainly mid-metamorphic grade in this area. Finally, the target areas are indicated, and some rational suggestions are proposed.

    FORMATION CONDITIONS AND EXPLORATION DIRECTIONS OF THE COAL-FORMED GAS POOL IN THE EASTERN LINQING DEPRESSION
    DU Yu-min
    2005, 19(Suppl):  181-186. 
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    It is discussed in this article that what conditions are required for the formation of coal-formed gas pool in the eastern Linqing depression.The known gas shows in wells are summarized and discussed. We also study the distribution ranges of gas supplying zones and their gas supplying density. The research result shows that the east slope of Tangyi anticline belt is one of the favorable areas for coal-formed gas exploration.The favorable targets are traps of Carboniferous-Permian System and of the top of Ordovician System which are formed by seals of antithetic faults.

    STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROCARBON SOURCE ROCK OF Es4 IN LINNAN SAG
    HE Rui-wu,JIANG Zai-xing,GUO Zeng-qiang,QIU Long-wei
    2005, 19(Suppl):  187-192. 
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    Ⅱb is the dominant type of organic in mudstone in Es4 of Linnan sag, organic carbon of about 68% samples are more than 0.05%, and value of S1+S2 are more than 0.5 mg/g in mudstone with higher organic content. The organic doesn't reach a much higher degree of organic evolvement, however, organic in some samples do reach the state of hydrocarbon generating. In order to make clear if mudstone in the study area had ever generated hydrocarbon, two samples of mudstone and oil-containing sandstone were chosen from a near depth, the biomarkers in the samples all show better comparability, which means that the mudstone in Linnan sag has some hydrocarbon generating potential, and do have generated hydrocarbon.

    APPLICATION OF LIGNIN IN RECONSTRUCTING THE HISTORY OF PALEO-VEGETATION
    ZHENG Yan-hong, YU Xue-feng
    2005, 19(Suppl):  193-197. 
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    In comparison to other biomarkers, lignin has more advantages such as stableness, specification, diversity and ubiquity, and so on.Lignin plays an important role in reconstructing the history of paleo-vegetation, and is widely applied to many disciplinarities in recent years and shows great potential and application prospect.Based on recent progresses, the chemical structures of lignin and its derivatives are reviewed.Focused on current situations and developing trends of the application of lignin parameters and stable carbon isotope of individual compounds, the analysis methods and the advantages of the application are discussed.Furthermore,a new study method for lignin research is suggested to solve the problems in reconstruction of the history of paleo-vegetation.

    A STUDY ON THE MARINE PETROLEUM-EXPLORATION FIELD IN THE JIANGHAN PLAIN
    GAO Lin,ZHOU Yan
    2005, 19(Suppl):  198-202. 
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    The analysis on the exploration and research achievements shows that there are mainly two aspects of problems for the effectiveness of marine petroleum exploration in the Jianghan plain. Firstly, the understanding on the key role about reservoir hold condition as well as the relationship between petroleum-system elements and the styles of exploratory wells are inadequate.As a result, the exploratory effect is unsatisfied. Secondly, lots of exploration and research date indicate that the basic petroleum condition is excellent and it is favorable to form an oil and gas pool of the large to middle type. This basic petroleum condition includes several aspects as follow: (1) six sets of source rocks;(2) six sets of reservoirs;(3) two sets of regional covers;(4) two petroleum systems that one is excellent and another is good. Combining the research achievements on the basin evolution with the ponder on the above two-aspects problems, two exploration fields have been put forward, i.e. the intra-marine deposit body traps and the bottom wall traps in thrust belt. These two exploration fields are actually valuable for the future oil-gas exploration.Therefore, the Lower Paleozoic is the key and the Upper Paleozoic could be dual purpose for the future oil-gas exploration in the Jianghan plain. In order to form a solid exploration state, evaluation work about the orogenic front edge and the Cretaceous deposit should been expedited.On the basis of all above study, the breakthrough for the oil-gas exploration will be acquired in the future.

    APPLICATION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TO SUBTLE RESERVOIR EXPLORATION IN THE TALAHA
    AREA,SONGLIAO BASIN
    LI Qiang,JIANG Zai-xing
    2005, 19(Suppl):  203-206. 
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    Sequence stratigraphy frame of the first member of Yaojia Formation in the Talaha area of the Songliao Basin, has been established based on the data of drilling well, logging well and seismic.Sequence units are further classified into LST,TST and HST with help of the previous research work.Types of reservoir sandstone and the mechanism of oil and gas accumulation in each sequence,which guide oil and gas exploration, have been established.

    THE PETROLEUM SYSTEM IN CHEZHEN SAG, JIYANG DEPRESSION
    ZHANG Jia-zhen
    2005, 19(Suppl):  207-211. 
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    Chezhen sag is a continental faulted basin developed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic which is located in the northwest of Jiyang depression. 3 series of source rocks such as Es4, Es3 and Es1 of Lower Tertiary were well developed in this area. Featured by multiple hydrocarbon generations and composite oil-gas accumulations, multi-petroleum systems of one source corresponding to multiple reservoirs or one reservoir corresponding to multiple sources is formed in Chezhen sag. According to the results of oil and source rock correlation, multi-petroleum systems in Chezhen sag can be classified into Es4 petroleum system, Es3 petroleum system, and Es1 petroleum system. Reservoir types of Es4 and Es1 petroleum systems are self-generation and selfstorage reservoirs, while that of Es3 petroleum systems is self-generation and self-storage reservoir, new-generation and oldstorage reservoir, old-generation and new-storage reservoir. Three petroleum systems are characterized by the domination of different strata and superposition of petroleum system formed in different periods. Chexi subsag and Dawangbei subsag are superposition areas, where hydrocarbon is very abundant. Es3 petroleum system is the most important petroleum system, and it is also an exploration orientation in Chezhen sag.

    FORMING STAGE AND PERIOD OF CO2 RESERVOIR BY DIAGENETIC MINERAL FLUID-INCLUSION ANALYSIS OF JIYANG DEPRESSION
    GUO Dong,XIA Bin,CHEN Hong-han,WANG Xing-mou
    2005, 19(Suppl):  212-216. 
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    Diagenetic mineral fluid inclusion contains abundant information about forming of reservoir and mineralization. Reservoiring period and stages, age and history can be determined through analyzing of fluid inclusions. Diagenetic mineral fluid inclusions from CO2 reservoirs in Jiyang depression were studied through analyzing of high temperature brine inclusion, homogenization temperature ,salinity of triphase of CO2-brine-water, laser Raman probe characteristics, etc. The temperature and pressure conditions, carrying and gathering mechanism, as well as forming period and order of CO2 reservoirs were determined.Finally, a conclusion was made that Late Tertiary, especially the Quaternary Period was the dominantly reservoiring stage of CO2 in Jiyang depression.

    THE GENESIS AND FORMING RESERVOIRS OF JISHAN SAND BODY IN HUIMIN DEPRESSION
    CHEN Yong-hong,ZHAO Jun-qing,JIANG Zai-xing,XIA Bin,YANG Wei-li
    2005, 19(Suppl):  217-222. 
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    The Jishan sand body is a set of petroclastic sedimentary system in north-west of Huimin depression during upper or middle sedimentary period of 3rd Shahejian Formation.Through analysis of the characteristics of petrology,sedimentology,seismism and well log, the authors think it is a set of delta-channel-slumping turbidity fan sedimentary as a result of composite genesis. It can be divided into four parasequence sets.Restricted by faults and paleotopography, four sets of sand bodies are different in distribution range and area.They show characteristics of regressive deposition.Because of large sedimentary area, high-grade reservoir ,the Jishan sand body took extreme condition of pool forming.Fitting with faults and paleotopography,it can form tectonic reservoirs,lithology reservoirs and tectonic-lithology reservoirs.

    THE RESEARCH ON THE OIL-POOL FORMING OF THE KONGDIAN FORMATION IN THE BAMIANHE AREA
    XU Yi-wei,YANG Wei-li,JIANG Zai-xing,XIA Bin,LI Xue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  223-227. 
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    During the depositional stage of the Kongdian Formation of Eogene (Ek), Dongying depression was on the early rifting stage The change of the accommodation differed with areas. The accommodation in the Niuzhuang-Liuhu area became larger, and at the same time, the accommodation in Bamianhe area became less. The decreasing of the accommodation controlled that the sandbodies were well-developed, the oil-generated source rock was lack and the traps were  structural trap, litho-structural trap and strata trap in the Bamianhe area. The deposition system of alluvial fan-fluvial-flooding plain taked up the filling of the first member of Kongdian Formation (Ek1) in the Bamianhe area, and the sandbodies mainly consisted of siltsand. It was conformed by the dark mudstone in well Wang46 that the second member of Kongdian Formation (Ek2) had the ability of oil generating, so besides of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation oil-generated source rock, Ek2 was another source rock. The welldeveloped faults and the unconformities could be the accesses of oil migrating. Under the acting of all kinds of factors, the oil traps were formed and the the oil traps consisted of structural oil traps, structural-lithological oil traps and sub-crop oil traps.

    OIL MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION MODELS OF THE SOUTH SLOPE OF NIUZHUANG SAG,DONGYING,XHANDONG
    GAO Yong-jin,LI Xue,QIU Gui-qiang,LI Su-mei
    2005, 19(Suppl):  228-234. 
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    Different oil resources and hydrocarbons accumulation model were identified in the lower Kongdian Formation and upper Shahejie Formation in the south slope of Niuzhuang sag, Bohai Bay.Oil and source rocks correlation showed that oils of Kongdian Formation were derived from deep Ek2 and Es4 members, which have much higher maturity than that of the oils from upper Shahejie Formation. While the oils of the Shahejie Formation and the overlapped formation were sourced from the middle and upper Es4 member within normal oil window. Several faults with hundreds fault throw developed in the southern Niuzhaung sag make it possible that the Es4 source rocks met the Ek1 reservoir resulting in hydrocarbons from the Es4 accumulated in Ek1 strata, which caused the formation of the mixed oils of the Kongdian Formation. It was observed that the oils of the Kongdian, Shahejie formations etc were controlled by main faulted tectonic belts. The oils were distributed in the three tectonic belts including Wangjiagang-Dingjiawozi, Bamianhe and Shicun. The oils migrate through faults, uncomformbilities and sand reservoir etc along upper tilted south slope of the Niuzhuang sag. There are at least two primary hydrocarbons migration pathways having a controlling on oil migration of the area.It was proved that the geological background of Dingjiawozi tectonic belt is suitable to form oil pools of lower Kongdian, while Bamianhe faulted belt is much more suitable to form upper oil pools of Shahejie Formation.The Tertiary hydrocarbon accumulation models of the south slope of the Niuzhuang sag are actually controlled by several factors including oil resource, migration system, traps and the distribution of sand reservoir etc. It is significant for extensive oil exploration to recognize the hydrocarbons accumulation models and their primary controlling factors of different formations of the area.

    ENTRAPMENT TYPES AND THEIR SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF THE OIL-GAS POOLS IN THE WESTERN PART OF HUBEI AND THE EASTERN PART OF CHONGQING
    ZHENG Tian-fa, MEI Lian-fu, GAO Lin
    2005, 19(Suppl):  235-239. 
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    From the Sinian to the Mesozoic the tectonic evolution in the western part of Hubei and the eastern part of Chongqing experienced three periods, i.e. the platform, the basin and the fold with fault. In this evolutionary process, several types of the tectonic format, i.e. the basal thrusting, the squeezing block, the sheeting block and the detachment-type thrusting fold etc, had been formed. Ultimately, several types of the oil-gas pools including the tectonic type, the stratigraphic type and the composite type had been formed in these various tectonic formats. The spatial distribution of these oil-gas pools was characterized by the zoning in west-east direction as well as the partitioning in the south-north direction. The study on the spatial law of  oil-gas pools was importantly meaningful for the future oil-gas exploration.

    SIMULATION ON STRATUM DEFORMATION UNDER HIGH-PRESSURE INJECTION IN SOUTHERN SAERTU AREA OF DAQING OILFIELD
    LI Zi-an,ZHAN Hua-ming,YIN Zhong-min,WU Shi-yong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  240-244. 
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    According to the coupling effect between tectonic stress and fluid pressure under high-pressure injection , mathematical model simulating strata deformation was put forward. The numerical simulation of southern Saertu area in Daqing Oilfield indicated that the bigger the injection pressure varied in some areas, the larger the strain magnitude of the standardized bed would be. Likewise, the strain magnitude was smaller in areas with smaller injection pressure variations. The simulation results also indicated that the injected water under injection of water at high pressure could disturb the in-situ stress field fiercely, drive the formation slide from north to south, cause regional concentration of abnormal in-situ stress. The shear stress strength could increase one or two orders of magnitude. and will undoubtedly cause regional or large area casing damages.

    STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY FOR TAPPING POTENTIAL WITH HORIZONTAL WELL THERMO-RECOVERY OF HEAVY OIL
     LOOP IN THE GUDAO OILFIELD,SHANDONG PROVINCE
    SHU Qing-lin, MAO Wei-rong, WANG Hong, GAO Jian-guo,YANG Hai-zhong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  245-249. 
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    In order to improve reservoir exploitation degree and recovery of heavy oil loop in the Gudao oilfield, the exploitation project was adjusted according to optimizing well planning with data of horizontal well and vertical well, and the place in oil layer, length, stretch orientation and injection-production parameters were studied systematically by numerical simulation.With the implementation of this program, good results were gained, for example, the product of single well was about 57.4t/d, which was 4 times as much that of around vertical wells; and water cut  stays about 20% , which was 15%-30% less than that of vertical well. Therefore, this technology was important for tapping potential and improving recovery with horizontal well.

    STUDY ON DISPLACEMENT TESTING WITH INJECTION WATER OF DIFFERENT SALINITIES IN CONGLOMERATE RESERVOIR
    ZHAO Fa-zhan, WANG Yun,WANG Jie-yi,WEI Zhong-liang, YU Hong-guo
    2005, 19(Suppl):  250-253. 
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    The reservoir is a conglomerate reservoir in the second area in Karamay oilfield, Xinjiang. After water injection, the resistivities of formations change severely. Through study on water displacement oil and oil displacement water, it is revealed that there are polykeys of the relation between water-hold saturation and rock resistivity in low salinity water injection formation, and electric parameters of rocks change with salinities. The results provide experimental data for analysis of drowned well and well logging.

    APPROACHES OF DETERMINATION OF CERTAINTY OIL-GAS INTERFACEAND THE APPLICATION:AN EXAMPLE OF OIL RESERVOIR IN SALING FORMATION IN DAQING OILFIELD
    WANG Xiang-rong,WU Shi-qi, YU Qin-fan
    2005, 19(Suppl):  254-256. 
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    In order to evaluate the production potential of Daqing oilfield, the oil-gas interface of the oil reservoir in Saling Formation in middle Sa'ertu development area was first studied by the use of combination of the testing data and the neutron-neutron logging data. The result provides an effective approach to design the development program of Saling Formation.

    SUBTLE HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE QINAN AREA,HUANGHUA DEPRESSION
    WU Zhan-guo,HOU Bo-gang,WU Bo-fu,LI Hong-wei,LU Feng-ting,LIN Dai-wei
    2005, 19(Suppl):  257-260. 
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    Based on the high resolution seismic data,many reservoir-forming models were established by utilizing geology, well log and well-drilling data and by analyzing reservoir-forming mechanism and model of lithological reservoir.While identifying the exploration difficult points of lithological reservoir, the solutions were presented too. Many advanced technologies up-to-date were used to conduct reservoir prediction and bar sandbody spatial distribution of the third member of Shahejie Formation on the basis of high resolution seismic data interpretation. Significant effect was obtained in the actual application of the Kouxi area,and the application of matching geophysical technologies would provide referential experience for the subtle reservoir exploration in the future.

    APPLICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE INTERPRETATION TECHNOLOGY TO SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE VOLUMES IN RESERVOIR PREDICTION OF DONGYING SAG,SHANDONG
    JIANG Xiu-qing,GAO Ping
    2005, 19(Suppl):  261-266. 
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    A lot of information of geology and reservoir features are contained in seismic signals. Decades to more than hundred of seismic attributes can be extracted from amplitude, frequency, phase adn waveform of seismic signals. At present, seismic attributes are interpreted by unique technology with comprehensive interpretation technology series adapted to different geologic conditions, reservoirs and data.The resolution of seismic data was enhanced with Q reverse-filter, spectra whiten and wavelet deconvolution from pre-stack and post-stack in this paper.The seismic data in  Guan 1 area are interpreted finely with many attributes such as seismic facies, seismic attribute coherence analysis and frequency spectrum division processing. Reservoir distribution and seismic facies in lower Ek1 are predicted,which are accordance with distribution map of reservoir sediment from drilling data. 208 faults in Ek and 19 faults in Pz have been found using coherent data volume and fine interpreted result of this area. The new regular of structure shape was understand in Ek and in Pz. Geologic understand was deepened and the base of reservoir analysis was established.More than decade of river channels with area of 25 km2 in Es1 were found using coherent analysis and frequency division scan.The exploration in south slope of Dongying sag got new breakthrough.

    THE DEEP AND WIDE COMPREHENSIVE SEISMIC EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY
    QIAO Yong-fu,TANG Da-zhen,XU Hao,LENG Xue
    2005, 19(Suppl):  267-272. 
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    In the past few years, seismic exploration of hydrocarbon is becoming more and more difficult. The main reason is complexities of the underground objects, such as structure of abrupt dip angle, overthrust, structures under volcanic rock and low-amplitude structure and so on. Volcanic rock had a serious shielding action to underlayers so that the underlying beds which had a very low signal-to-noise ratio and even had no reflection on seismic section. It badly hindered the discovery of reservoir in the underlying beds of volcanic rock. Based on the fact and refered to the research result all over the world, the authors worked out a deep and wide comprehensive seismic exploration technique to solve the problem of volcanic rock shielding. This technique makes use of the comprehensive effect of reflection wave, refraction wave and conversion wave in normal deep seismic exploration to obtain the tomography of formation under the volcanic rock. And it is applied in the Shubei area which is covered by volcanic rocks. Compared with other techniques, the results of this technique show that the overlay has a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio, and the underlayers have a clear structure images and could meet the need of geological interpretation. It could be an instrument for further exploration of hydrocarbon of these areas.

    FEATURES OF FRACTURED RESERVOIRS AND DEVELOPMENT LAW IN THE BASEMENT ROCK POOL IN DAMINTUN
     DEPRESSION, LIAOHE BASIN
    CHEN Shao-sheng,XU Kun, BAO Zhi-dong
    2005, 19(Suppl):  273-277. 
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    Basement rock pool in Damintun depression is mainly fractured reservoir,so the accumulation of oil and gas immediately is related to the development of fracture.Thus fractural development is controlled by the structure and lithology. By using the technology of  palaeotectonic stress field and quantitative analysis of fissure fractal, imaging logging, the interpretation of dip well logging and fracture identification of seismic properties, we open out the development law of basement rock fractures Places closing to fracture belt, intercross positions of fracture, turning point of nappe structure and anticlinal structure are zones of fracture development. Fracture reservoirs mainly develop in zones of carbonate and quartzitic sandstone in Great Wall System of Mesoproterozoic and  zones of  leptynite and mixed rock in Archaean era, but not in argillaceous rock, gneiss and intrusive rock.Surfaces of unconform usually are  weathering crust  exposed for a long time, fossil weathered residuum that leached badly, system of fractures and caves develop.So,they are good places of  reservoir development and accumulation of oil and gas.According to  the research conclusions of the fracture development law and the inverse of  seismic properties, we can identify and predict the zones of fracture development in basement rock.

    PREDICTION OF VOLCANIC RESERVOIR FOR THE FIRST MEMBER OF YINGCHENG FORMATIONIN IN THE XINGCHENG AREA,THE NORTHERN SONGLIAO BASIN
    ZHANG Wen-bin,JIANG Chuan-jin
    2005, 19(Suppl):  278-281. 
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    Aiming at the difficulty of forecasting volcanic reservoirs, this paper depicts volcanic body on base of the rock-physical analysis and whole 3D high-resolution seismic data, making use of several technics, such as spectrum imaging basing on the wavelet changes, inversion simulation of anneal, well-constrained inversion, etc. The forecast of volcanic lithofacies, thickness of reservoir and reservoir parameters was realized. It suggests that there are 8 craters within the first member of Yingcheng Formation in  the Xincheng area, which control the distribution of volcanic rocks in this area. Developing conditions of volcanic reservoirs are mainly effected by the lithofacies, buried depth and  fracture. Erupted lithofacies are predominated, with more volcanic reservoirs in the shallow area or near the fracture area   with   thicker and better physical properties. Several deepwells, such as Xushen2,are drilled by those technics mentioned above, of which drilling results are consistent with the forecast very well. Drilling veracity is improved and multi-interpretation of reservoir forecast using seismic data is reduced. It is significant for guiding exploring-well deployment.

    FEATURES OF THE SEISMIC-EXPLORATION METHODS IN PLAIN-WATER-SYSTEM REGIONS AND THE ANALYSIS
     OF DATA ACQUISITION EFFECTS
    2005, 19(Suppl):  282-285. 
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    There is great difference of seismic exploration between in mountain regions and in plain-water-system regions, which is mainly caused by different surface lithologies. For the seismic exploration in the plain-water-system region, besides both the test of each data acquisition and the investigation of surface lithological changes, it is the key to make out the design of observation system of seismic exploration in residential area. In order to get good effects of seismic exploration, several important aspects for this design include as follows: firstly, the seismic exploration do not damage surface buildings; secondly, it is possible to get good effects for each single-shot seismic record; thirdly, it is the best to reduce spent shot. The main methods include many following measures: strengthening the energy of seismic reflection waves by improving quality of both initiation and accepting;improving the quality of seismic profile through controlling noise and the adaptation of method of the little dose in deep well.

    RADIOMETRIC DATA TO THE STUDY ON METALLOGENETIC CONDITIONS OF URANIUM DEPOSIT OF THE IN-SITU-LEACHABLE SANDSTONE TYPE IN THE HAILAER BASIN
    WANG Lian-dai, ZHONG Yan-qiu,WANG Zai-jun,YU Shi-quan
    2005, 19(Suppl):  286-290. 
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    The insitu leachable sandstone-type uranium deposit is the main direction in the uranium exploration for the nuclear-powered nations in the world at the present time.Several features mark this type of uranium deposit,i.e.the low cost,the high economic returns and the low comtamination.The processing and analysis of the airborne radiometric data demonstrate that there is the relatively rich uranium resource and the good metallogenic condition for the sandstone-type uranium deposit in the Hailaer Basin.Many features are in favor of the forming of the uranium deposit,which include the thick main sedimentary-layers of the deposit,the much more organic matter,the development of the favorable sedimentary-facies zones of this deposit and so on.The Hailaer Basin is marked by an infiltrative free-flowing water basin with the perfect mechanism of supply-flow-drainage and hydro-dynamic conditions,which is also in favor of the forming of the uranium deposit.All above features of the Hailaer Basin express a good foreground for the exploration and exploitation of the uranium deposit.And this study shows that the airborne radiometric technique is an effectve exploration mean.