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Geoscience ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (03): 667-680.DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.109

• Machine Learning and Its Applications in Mineralogy • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic Mineralogy and Geological Significance of Pyrites from the Muping-Rushan gold belt, Jiaodong Peninsula

HE Jiangtao1(), LI Junjian2, SHI Guangyao1, WANG Chenguang1, MAN Ronghao1   

  1. 1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050031, China
    2. Tianjin Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China
  • Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-07-03

Abstract:

Pyrite is the most prevalent metal sulfide in the Earth’s crust, widely distributed in various types of metal deposits and serving as a crucial gold-bearing mineral in gold deposits. This study focuses on pyrite from typical gold deposits in the Muping-Rushan metallogenic belt. Through integrated polarized microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, we systematically investigated the typomorphic composition of pyrite in different stages of four metallogenic stages of gold deposits in the study area. Polarizing microscope analysis and electron microprobe elemental mapping showed that there are obvious differences in crystal form and grain size of pyrite in different mineralization stages. Stage Ⅰ pyrite (Py1) is coarse-grained panidiomorphic-hypidiomorphic cubic pyrite. Stage Ⅱ pyrite (Py2) is fine-grained hypidiomorphic-allomorphic pentagonal-dodecahedral crystal. Stage Ⅳ pyrite (Py3) is fine-grained panidiomorphic-hypidiomorphic cubic pyrite. The arsenic contents are higher at the rims and in cracks of stage I cube pyrite (Py1) and around stage Ⅱ fine-grained pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite (Py2). Native gold and silver occur mainly as thin veins in cracks in stage Ⅰ pyrite (Py1) or around stage Ⅱ pyrite (Py2). Electron microprobe analysis of major and trace elements also shows significant differences. The content of Fe and S in stage Ⅰ pyrite is the closest to the theoretical value, while stage Ⅱ pyrite has an obvious sulfur deficit, and stage Ⅳ pyrite has a ferrum deficit. In addition, the study of gold occurrence state indicates that the invisible gold in the gold deposits from the Muping-Rushan gold belt is Au0 nanoparticle gold. From the early to late mineralization stages, pyrite exhibits a crystal morphology transition from cubic → fine-grained pentagonal dodecahedral → fine-grained cubic forms, indicating a progressive cooling trend of ore-forming fluids. The main mineralization stage is characterized by moderate-low temperatures with elevated sulfur fugacity.

Key words: Jiaodong Peninsula, Muping-Rushan gold belt, electron probe microanalysis, Pyrite, occurrencestate

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