Differences of Cadmium Mobility in Paddy Soils from Different Parent Materials in the Pearl River Delta and Its Influencing Factors

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.01.21

Abstract

Abstract:

With the rapid development of economy, heavy metals in soil exceed the environment standards more and more seriously, especially for Cd. The mobile fraction of Cd in soils is affected by various factors, but there are few reports about its influencing factors from the perspective of different parent materials. We collected and measured 235 paddy soil samples which were formed by Quaternary sediments, acid intrusive rocks and terrigenous clastic rocks in the Pearl River Delta. The physicochemical characteristics of paddy soils were summarized, and factors affecting total and the mobile fractions of Cd were discussed. The results showed that there were significant differences in physicochemical properties, total Cd concentrations of paddy soil formed by different parent materials. The average concentrations of CaO, K₂O, Na₂O, TFe₂O₃, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, organic matter and clay in paddy soil formed by Quaternary sediments are significantly higher than those of acid intrusive rocks and terrigenous clastic rocks. Cd in paddy soil developed from Quaternary sediments exceed the standard most seriously. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cd in mobile fractions extracted by different metho-ds in this type soil is also the highest. The correlation between the total Cd concentration and soil physicoche-mical parameters in paddy soil formed by terrigenous clastic rocks is stronger than that of the other two types of parent materials. The correlation between the total Cd concentration and soil physicochemical parameters in paddy soil formed by acid intrusive rock is weak. The total Cd concentration has an important impact on Cd in mobile fractions. In addition, the correlation between Cd in mobile fraction and pH, organic matter, TFe₂O₃ of paddy soils developed from Quaternary sediment is significantly higher than that of the other two types of parent materials. The correlation between Cd in mobile fraction and Tl, CEC, clay and Mn in paddy soil formed by terrigenous clastic rocks is significantly higher than that of the other two types of parent materials. Cd in mobile fraction is mainly affected by the total Cd,CEC, TFe₂O₃ and Mn in paddy soils formed by acid intrusive rocks.

Key words: the Pearl River Delta, paddy soil, cadmium, mobile fraction, parent material, influencingfactor

CLC Number:

P595
X142

WANG Jiaxin, HOU Qingye, YE Danjun, YANG Zhongfang, YU Tao. Differences of Cadmium Mobility in Paddy Soils from Different Parent Materials in the Pearl River Delta and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(01): 197-207.

Figures/Tables 12

References 43

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元素/指标	单位	分析方法	检出限
Al₂O₃	%	XRF	0.05
CaO	%	XRF	0.02
K₂O	%	XRF	0.02
MgO	%	XRF	0.02
Na₂O	%	XRF	0.02
SiO₂	%	XRF	0.05
TFe₂O₃	%	XRF	0.05
Mn	mg/kg	XRF	5
Cd	mg/kg	ICP-MS	0.02
Pb	mg/kg	ICP-MS	2
Tl	mg/kg	ICP-MS	0.1
CEC	cmol(+)/kg	乙酸铵交换法	1
有机质	%	VOL	0.05
pH	无量纲	ISE	0.1

元素/指标	单位	分析方法	检出限
Al₂O₃	%	XRF	0.05
CaO	%	XRF	0.02
K₂O	%	XRF	0.02
MgO	%	XRF	0.02
Na₂O	%	XRF	0.02
SiO₂	%	XRF	0.05
TFe₂O₃	%	XRF	0.05
Mn	mg/kg	XRF	5
Cd	mg/kg	ICP-MS	0.02
Pb	mg/kg	ICP-MS	2
Tl	mg/kg	ICP-MS	0.1
CEC	cmol(+)/kg	乙酸铵交换法	1
有机质	%	VOL	0.05
pH	无量纲	ISE	0.1

形态	提取剂	提取方法
水溶态(F1)	蒸馏水(pH=7.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡30 min
离子交换态(F2)	1 mol/L MgCl₂·6H₂O(pH=7.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡30 min
碳酸盐结合态(F3)	1 mol/L NaAc-HAc(pH=5.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡1 h
腐殖酸结合态(F4)	1 mol/L Na₄P₂O₇·10H₂O(pH=10.0)	50 mL,室温下振荡40 min
铁锰氧化物结合态(F5)	0.25 mol/L HONH₃Cl-HCl	25 mL,室温下振荡1 h
强有机结合态(F6)	30% H₂O₂-HNO₃(pH=2.0)	8 mL,83 ℃水浴3 h,室温振荡10 h
残渣态(F7)	HCl-HNO₃-HClO₄(1∶1∶1)	0.2 g剩余样品+5 mL HCl-HNO₃-HClO₄溶液

形态	提取剂	提取方法
水溶态(F1)	蒸馏水(pH=7.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡30 min
离子交换态(F2)	1 mol/L MgCl₂·6H₂O(pH=7.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡30 min
碳酸盐结合态(F3)	1 mol/L NaAc-HAc(pH=5.0)	25 mL,室温下振荡1 h
腐殖酸结合态(F4)	1 mol/L Na₄P₂O₇·10H₂O(pH=10.0)	50 mL,室温下振荡40 min
铁锰氧化物结合态(F5)	0.25 mol/L HONH₃Cl-HCl	25 mL,室温下振荡1 h
强有机结合态(F6)	30% H₂O₂-HNO₃(pH=2.0)	8 mL,83 ℃水浴3 h,室温振荡10 h
残渣态(F7)	HCl-HNO₃-HClO₄(1∶1∶1)	0.2 g剩余样品+5 mL HCl-HNO₃-HClO₄溶液

统计指标		全量/(mg/kg)	F1/(mg/kg)	F2/(mg/kg)	F3/(mg/kg)	F4/(mg/kg)	F5/(mg/kg)	F6/(mg/kg)	F7/(mg/kg)
第四纪沉积物 (n=82)	平均值	0.398	0.011	0.142	0.036	0.092	0.059	0.030	0.026
	最大值	1.231	0.078	0.494	0.158	0.292	0.202	0.178	0.089
	最小值	0.037	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.009	0.002	0.001	0.004
酸性侵入岩 (n=79)	平均值	0.216	0.005	0.068	0.020	0.053	0.032	0.016	0.019
	最大值	1.861	0.034	0.965	0.160	0.340	0.298	0.131	0.072
	最小值	0.047	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.012	0.002	0.001	0.001
陆源碎屑岩 (n=74)	平均值	0.162	0.004	0.046	0.017	0.037	0.024	0.012	0.019
	最大值	0.662	0.015	0.263	0.108	0.152	0.109	0.064	0.060
	最小值	0.039	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.006