Geochemical Characteristics of Natural Gas and Hydrocarbon Charging History of the Tugeerming Area in the Eastern Kuqa Depression

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.197

Abstract

Abstract:

The oil and gas geological conditions in eastern Kuqa Depression are complex. The origin of natural gas, the time and history of oil and gas charging are disputed, which hampers regional oil and gas exploration. Based on the analyses on carbon isotope composition of natural gas, fluid inclusion petrography and homogenization temperature, and integrating the sedimentary/ burial history and tectonic evolution, the geochemical characteristics of natural gas and hydrocarbon accumulation process at Tugeerming area (eastern Kuqa depression) are revealed. The results show that methane is the main natural gas component at Tugeerming, with its content ranging from 75.56% to 90.11% and the dryness coefficient from 0.79 to 0.93. The δ¹³C₁ (-35.73% to -33.80‰) and δ¹³C₂ (-26.41‰ to -25.30‰) values suggest that the genetic type of natural gas is mature coal-derived gas. There are two types of inclusions in the Jurassic sandstone reservoirs at Tugeerming, i.e., yellow liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and bluish-white fluorescent gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions and gray gas-liquid hydrocarbon inclusions. This indicates two oil and gas charging stages at Tugeerming: (1) 13 Ma to 7 Ma crude oil charging, and (2) 2.6 Ma natural gas charging. In the Lower and Middle Kangcun Formation, the crude oil formed by source rocks at Tugeerming was charged into the wide and gentle anticlinal trap for preservation. In the Upper Kuqa Formation, the Jurassic Kezilenuer and Yangxia Formations developed good source-reservoir assemblage, with natural gas being charged at close distance to form the reservoirs in the Upper Kuqa Formation.

Key words: eastern Kuqa Depression, Tugeerming region, natural gas, geochemical characteristics, fluidinclusion, hydrocarbon charging history

CLC Number:

TE122

LIU Yang, LI Xianqing, ZHAO Guangjie, LIU Mancang, DONG Caiyuan, LI Jin, XIAO Zhongyao. Geochemical Characteristics of Natural Gas and Hydrocarbon Charging History of the Tugeerming Area in the Eastern Kuqa Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(04): 988-997.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Distribution of oil and gas reservoirs in eastern Kuqa Depression, and the cross-section and stratigraphic column ofTugeerming reservoir (modified after ref. [9])

Table 1 Natural gas components at Tugeerming

井号	层位	深度/m	各组分含量/%					干燥系数 C₁/ $C 1 +$
井号	层位	深度/m	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	N₂	CO₂	干燥系数 C₁/ $C 1 +$
吐东2	J₂kz	/	83.49	6.11	2.33	2.51	0.91	0.91
吐东2	J₂kz	/	75.56	14.10	5.30	2.44	1.50	0.79
吐东2	J₁y	/	86.90	7.65	1.83	0.02	2.34	0.89
吐东2	J₁a	4 171~4 175	80.00	12.00	6.00	1.00	1.00	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	87.00	8.00	3.50	1.50	0.80	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	89.89	6.21	1.44	2.11	0.18	0.92
吐东201	J₂kz	3 475~3 486	80.00	12.10	4.50	0.00	1.20	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	90.11	4.59	1.67	1.89	0.52	0.93

Table 1 Natural gas components at Tugeerming

井号	层位	深度/m	各组分含量/%					干燥系数 C₁/ $C 1 +$
井号	层位	深度/m	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	N₂	CO₂	干燥系数 C₁/ $C 1 +$
吐东2	J₂kz	/	83.49	6.11	2.33	2.51	0.91	0.91
吐东2	J₂kz	/	75.56	14.10	5.30	2.44	1.50	0.79
吐东2	J₁y	/	86.90	7.65	1.83	0.02	2.34	0.89
吐东2	J₁a	4 171~4 175	80.00	12.00	6.00	1.00	1.00	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	87.00	8.00	3.50	1.50	0.80	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	89.89	6.21	1.44	2.11	0.18	0.92
吐东201	J₂kz	3 475~3 486	80.00	12.10	4.50	0.00	1.20	0.81
吐东201	J₁a	/	90.11	4.59	1.67	1.89	0.52	0.93

Table 2 Carbon isotope compositions of natural gas components at Tugeerming

井号	层位	深度/m	天然气组分碳同位素组成/‰				天然气成熟度 (R_o)/%
井号	层位	深度/m	δ¹³C₁	δ¹³C₂	δ¹³C₃	δ¹³C₄	天然气成熟度 (R_o)/%
吐东2	J₂kz	/	-35.50	-25.87	-24.31	-22.78	0.80
吐东2	J₂kz	/	-35.73	-26.41	-25.11	-22.35	0.79
吐东2	J₁a	4 211~4 220	-34.12	-25.79	-22.40	-21.30	1.05
吐东2	J₁a	4 171~4 175	-33.80	-26.30	-25.50	-24.20	1.10
吐东201	J₂kz	3 475~3 486	-35.10	-25.80	-24.50	-25.10	1.00
吐东201	J₁a	/	-35.00	-25.30	-22.70	-22.60	0.91

Fig.2 Characteristics of carbon isotope distribution at Tugeerming

Fig.3 Genetic discrimination plot of natural gas at Tugeerming (some data from ref.[5])

Fig.4 Microphotographs of fluid inclusions from Jurassic sandstone reservoir samples at Tugeerming

Fig.5 Histogram of homogenization temperature of saline inclusions in Jurassic reservoirs at Tugeerming

Fig.6 Relationship between the abundance of oil inclusions and depth of Jurassic reservoirs at Tugeerming

Fig.7 Burial history and hydrocarbon charging time of Tudong 2 well

Fig.8 Oil and gas charging and accumulation process at Tugeerming

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