Geochemical Characteristics and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the River Sediments of Daliangzi Pb-Zn Mining Area in Panxi

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.03.12

Abstract

Abstract:

The upper Yangtze River region is an important ecological security barrier for the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The river sediments collected from Daliangzi Pb-Zn mining area, Panxi in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were investigated in this study. The spatial distribution, source, pH-dependent leaching characteristics, and ecological risk levels of heavy metals were evaluated. The results indicated that the concentration of heavy metals in the river sediments of Daqiaohe River in Panxi, whose spatial distribution of heavy metals was inhomogeneous extremely was significantly higher than in the Yangtze River. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) of heavy metals is very strong. Hg and Cd with high enrichment were severely polluted, Pb and Zn with moderate enrichment were moderately contaminated. The leaching tests showed that the concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in the leachate decreased rapidly and then stabilized under acidic and neutral conditions, and As decreased rapidly and then increased slowly. The source of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in the sediments of Daqiaohe River was the mining of Daliangzi Pb-Zn mining area. The source of Hg was rock weathering and pedogenesis. The source of Cu and Cr were agricultural and industrial activities. The soils in the Pb-Zn mining area of Panxi metallogenic belt were Cd-rich and Cr-poor. Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg with high ecological risks were the main potential contaminants.

Key words: sediment, heavy metal, risk assessment, leaching test, source

CLC Number:

P595
X142

ZHU Yinghai, SHI Zeming, WANG Xinyu, ZHANG Kailiang, ZHU Bocheng. Geochemical Characteristics and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the River Sediments of Daliangzi Pb-Zn Mining Area in Panxi[J]. Geoscience, 2022, 36(03): 923-932.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Distribution chart of the sediment sampling points in Daqiaohe River

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of Heavy metals in sediments

元素	最大值/ (mg·kg^-1)	最小值/ (mg·kg^-1)	平均值/ (mg·kg^-1)	标准差	变异系数/ %	超标率/ %	四川省土壤背景值/ (mg·kg^-1)	长江水系沉积物背景值/(mg·kg^-1)
Fe	4.33	2.20	3.37	0.67	19.88	61.11	3.30	—
As	19.60	7.52	11.77	3.93	33.39	44.44	10.40	7.60
Cd	5.53	0.19	2.54	1.75	68.90	100.00	0.08	0.15
Cr	75.90	44.20	58.12	9.42	16.20	0	79.00	52.30
Cu	61.00	23.00	45.56	9.46	20.76	88.89	31.10	21.50
Hg	4.82	0.34	2.84	1.79	63.02	100.00	0.06	0.03
Pb	310.00	22.30	164.61	104.46	63.46	72.22	30.90	21.40
Zn	1 170.00	114.00	602.72	306.83	50.91	100.00	86.50	73.60

Fig.2 Spatial variation of heavy metals in the sediments of Daqiaohe River

Table 2 Assessment results of heavy metals in the sediments of Daqiaohe River

方法	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Pb	Zn	综合指数RI
地质累积指数(I_geo)	-0.41	4.40	-1.03	-0.03	4.98	1.83	2.22	—
富集因子(EF)	1.12	32.65	0.76	1.50	51.41	4.83	6.87	—
生态危害指数( $E r i$ )	11.31	952.08	1.47	7.32	1 897.04	26.64	6.97	2 902.83
贡献率/%	0.39	32.80	0.05	0.25	65.35	0.92	0.24	100.00

Table 2 Assessment results of heavy metals in the sediments of Daqiaohe River

方法	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Pb	Zn	综合指数RI
地质累积指数(I_geo)	-0.41	4.40	-1.03	-0.03	4.98	1.83	2.22	—
富集因子(EF)	1.12	32.65	0.76	1.50	51.41	4.83	6.87	—
生态危害指数( $E r i$ )	11.31	952.08	1.47	7.32	1 897.04	26.64	6.97	2 902.83
贡献率/%	0.39	32.80	0.05	0.25	65.35	0.92	0.24	100.00

Fig.3 Whisker-box plots for the EF of heavy metals in the sediments of Daqiaohe River

Fig.4 Average Igeo of heavy metals in the river sediments

Fig.5 Variation diagram of heavy metal concentration in the slag leaching solution at tail

Table 3 Pearson correlation coefficients between heavy metals in the sediments

元素	Fe	As	Cd	Cr	Cu	Hg	Pb	Zn
Fe	1
As	0.36	1
Cd	0.03	-0.42	1
Cr	-0.41	0.19	-0.28	1
Cu	0.07	-0.27	0.37	0.36	1
Hg	-0.42	0.36	-0.40	0.46	-0.52^*	1
Pb	0.83^**	0.68^**	-0.03	-0.32	-0.04	-0.25	1
Zn	0.40	0.54^*	-0.19	0.41	-0.01	0.38	0.42	1

Table 4 Principal component analysis of heavy metals in the sediments

项目	原始载荷值
项目	PC1	PC2	PC3
Fe	0.62	0.71	0.05
As	0.89	-0.13	0.01
Cd	-0.44	0.52	0.22
Cr	0.08	-0.69	0.69
Pb	0.78	0.57	0.00
Zn	0.74	-0.18	0.43
Hg	0.30	-0.86	-0.16
Cu	-0.31	0.31	0.86
特征值	2.73	2.45	1.48
贡献率	34.12	30.63	18.44
累计贡献率/%	34.12	64.76	83.20

Table 5 Ecological risk status of heavy metals in soil around some Pb-Zn deposits in Panxi metallogenic belt

研究区	元素平均含量/(mg·kg^-1)						重金属潜在生态风险	风险程度	pH
研究区	Hg	Cd	Pb	As	Zn	Cr	重金属潜在生态风险	风险程度	pH
四川省会东县大梁子铅锌矿(沉积物)	2.8	2.5	164.6	11.8	602.7	58.1	Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Zn>Cr	轻度至极强	8.2
四川省会东县大梁子铅锌矿 (周边土壤)^①	3.1	4.3	32.0	9.6	1 257.8	64.7	Hg>Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Cr	轻度至极强	8.2
四川省会理县小石房铅锌矿 (周边土壤)^[30]	0.1	1.2	139.9	0.2	—	18.1	Cd>Pb>Hg>As>Cr	轻度至中等	—
四川省汉源县乌斯河铅锌矿 (周边土壤)^[31]	0.1	0.7	90.0	14.3	226.0	62.2	Cd>As>Hg>Pb>Zn>Cr	轻度	8.5
四川省土壤背景值	0.06	0.08	30.90	10.40	86.50	79.00	—	—	—

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