Pyrite Trace Element, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of the Xiajiadian Gold Deposit in Zhashui-Shanyang Orefield, South Qinling Orogen, and Its Metallogenic Constraints

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.106

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the genesis of Xiajiadian gold deposit in the Zhashui-Shanyang orefield, in-situ trace element, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur isotope compositions of the ore pyrite and wallrock samples were analyzed by LA-(MC)-ICP-MS techniques. The results show that the pyrite Co/Ni ratio ranges from 0.11 to 0.76, indicating that it is sedimentary pyrite. The pyrite δ³⁴S value (-9.40‰ to 7.16‰) is close to that of the carbonaceous slate wallrock (-8.84‰ to 10.64 ‰), whilst the average pyrite δ³⁴S value (2.47‰) falls within the magmatic sulfur range, suggesting that the ore sulfur may have sourced from the mixing of sedimentary sulfur with magmatic sulfur. The hydrogen-oxygen isotope data show that the ore-forming fluid was principally originated from magmatic water, with meteoric water input in the late-stage mineralization. Evidence from geological characteristics, ore-forming temperature, gold occurrence and pyrite trace elements and sulfur isotopes suggest that the deposit belongs to Carlin-type. The ore-forming fluid may have come mainly from magmatic water with late-stage meteoric water input, featuring a crust-mantle mixed source.

Key words: ore genesis, sulfur isotope, trace element, Xiajiadian gold deposit, Zhashui-Shanyang orefield

CLC Number:

P611.01

DING Kun, WANG Ruiting, LIU Kai, WANG Zhihui, SHEN Ximao. Pyrite Trace Element, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of the Xiajiadian Gold Deposit in Zhashui-Shanyang Orefield, South Qinling Orogen, and Its Metallogenic Constraints[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(06): 1622-1632.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Geologic map of the Zhashui-Shanyang orefield[11]

Fig.2 Simplified geological map of the Xiajiadian gold deposit[11]

Fig.3 Cross-section of No.16 exploration line of the Xiajiadian gold deposit[11]

Fig.4 Photos and microphotographs showing characteristics of the Xiajiadian gold ores

Table 1 Pyrite trace element compositions of the Xiajiadian gold deposit (10-6)

	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Co	Ni	Co/Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As
ZD5-1	341	54.8	120	8.83	2.0	17	0.11	941	279	6.36	6.99	11 410
ZD5-2	18 421	116.0	119	3.62	316.7	1 492	0.21	842	189	5.94	5.73	8 765
ZD5-3	2 147	15.2	42	1.91	8.9	28	0.32	256	51	4.68	5.29	4 694
ZD5-4	2 582	30.0	18	2.43	87.3	176	0.50	182	42	1.01	6.95	2 705
ZD5-5	3 244	39.7	15	6.12	142.8	717	0.20	319	71	6.82	6.61	4 799
ZD5-6	3 097	68.9	37	4.17	403.3	531	0.76	418	185	6.53	6.52	5 919
ZD5-7	961	8.4	30	1.53	94.9	219	0.43	181	40	0.61	3.70	2 848
大陆上地壳平均值	-	60	35	-	10	20	-	25	71	17	1.6	1.5
	Se	Mo	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	Au	Tl	Pb	Bi
ZD5-1	98	9.5	8.0	21.8	0.100	7.8	375	424	323	114.26	38.38	0.42
ZD5-2	81	6.3	6.3	36.8	0.170	7.4	246	365	212	325.73	273.13	1.52
ZD5-3	28	3.3	1.6	16.7	0.080	1.7	123	137	82	25.17	39.43	0.26
ZD5-4	12	2.4	1.1	15.1	0.061	2.3	83	84	58	32.23	48.52	0.33
ZD5-5	45	4.8	2.1	27.4	0.190	5.0	179	155	103	21.98	84.02	0.28
ZD5-6	48	9.0	4.5	23.0	0.200	5.8	241	270	108	43.14	118.94	0.41
ZD5-7	31	3.0	1.6	14.1	0.060	2.1	86	104	61	28.14	19.77	0.19
大陆上地壳平均值	50	1.5	50	0.1	-	5.5	0.2	-	-	0.75	20	0.13

Fig.5 Binary plots of pyrite Au and other trace elements in the Xiajiadian gold deposit

Table 2 Pyrite S-isotopic data of the ores and wallrocks from the Xiajiadian gold deposit

样品号	样品描述	测定矿物	δ³⁴S/‰	数据来源
XJ-11-1	围岩	黄铁矿	-0.24	本文数据
XJ-11-2	围岩	黄铁矿	-2.04
XJ-11-3	围岩	黄铁矿	4.66
XJ-11-4	围岩	黄铁矿	0.24
XJ-11-5	围岩	黄铁矿	10.64
XJ-11-6	围岩	黄铁矿	-8.84
Zd8.1	矿体	黄铁矿	7.16	本文数据
Zd5.1	矿体	黄铁矿	5.66
Zd5.2-1	矿体	黄铁矿	6.43
Zd5.2-2	矿体	黄铁矿	5.09
Zd5.3-01	矿体	黄铁矿	5.39
Zd5.3-02	矿体	黄铁矿	4.59
Zd5.4	矿体	黄铁矿	4.70
S5	矿体	黄铁矿	0.5	本项目组内部资料
S10	矿体	黄铁矿	-9.4
F1	矿体	黄铁矿	5.8
F3	矿体	黄铁矿	2.9
F4	矿体	黄铁矿	1.4
F11	矿体	黄铁矿	2.3

Fig.6 Sulfur isotope histogram of Xiajiadian gold deposit

Table 3 Hydrogen-oxygen isotope data of the Xiajiadian gold ore

样号	成矿阶段	矿物	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ /‰	数据来源
X-53	成矿早阶段	石英	-88	22.8	12.42	本项目组内部资料
X-121-1	成矿早阶段	石英	-99	21.0	8.23
X-105-1	成矿早阶段	石英	-98	23.3	5.37
X-23-2	成矿早阶段	石英	-91	24.4	14.02
X-126	成矿早阶段	石英	-95	22.7	9.86
KT2-27	成矿中阶段	石英	-75.0	25.77	-5.97	文献[6]
KT3-51	成矿中阶段	石英	-69.2	27.97	0.37
KT3-48	成矿中阶段	石英	-74.2	23.85	-1.98
KT2-30	成矿中阶段	石英	-67.6	30.39	-7.86
KT3-64	成矿中阶段	石英	-80.7	21.90	-4.11
H1	成矿晚阶段	石英	-82.9	21.0	-9.60	本项目组内部资料
H2	成矿晚阶段	石英	-77.9	21.5	-9.10
H4	成矿晚阶段	石英	-88.0	21.8	-8.80
H6	成矿晚阶段	石英	-88.8	21.2	-9.40

Table 3 Hydrogen-oxygen isotope data of the Xiajiadian gold ore

样号	成矿阶段	矿物	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ /‰	数据来源
X-53	成矿早阶段	石英	-88	22.8	12.42	本项目组内部资料
X-121-1	成矿早阶段	石英	-99	21.0	8.23
X-105-1	成矿早阶段	石英	-98	23.3	5.37
X-23-2	成矿早阶段	石英	-91	24.4	14.02
X-126	成矿早阶段	石英	-95	22.7	9.86
KT2-27	成矿中阶段	石英	-75.0	25.77	-5.97	文献[6]
KT3-51	成矿中阶段	石英	-69.2	27.97	0.37
KT3-48	成矿中阶段	石英	-74.2	23.85	-1.98
KT2-30	成矿中阶段	石英	-67.6	30.39	-7.86
KT3-64	成矿中阶段	石英	-80.7	21.90	-4.11
H1	成矿晚阶段	石英	-82.9	21.0	-9.60	本项目组内部资料
H2	成矿晚阶段	石英	-77.9	21.5	-9.10
H4	成矿晚阶段	石英	-88.0	21.8	-8.80
H6	成矿晚阶段	石英	-88.8	21.2	-9.40

Fig.7 Hydrogen-oxygen isotope plot for the Xiajiadian gold mine (base map modified after reference [18])

Fig.8 Discrimination diagram of pyrite Co-Ni genesis for the Xiajiadian gold deposit (base map revised after reference [21])

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