Abstract:

Quantitative research on characteristics of spatial distribution of landslide is important for analysis of inoculation and development of landslide. Because the fractal can reveal the fine structure hidden in the complex and chaotic phenomena, and it is gradually applied to the study of landslide. Taking the landslide of Ningqiang, Shaanxi as an example, this research discussed the fractal structure characteristics of single-landslide and large-area landslide systems, and the calculation of fractal dimension and variable fractal dimension. The results show that the relationship between the landslide and the influence factor, i.e. elevation, landform amplitude, slope, distances from river and fault, and lithology fits the first-order accumulated variable dimension fractal distribution, and the fractal dimension is 0.511,1, 1.135,7, 1.290,6, 0.903,8, 1.189,5 and 0.979,9, respectively. Thus the sensitivity of these influence factors to landslide is in the descending order as slope>distance from fault>landform amplitude>lithology>distance from river>elevation. This research indicates that the variable dimension fractal theory is completely feasible to study the spatial distribution characteristics of landslide, and it can quantitatively reflect the spatial distribution of landslide and the sensitivity of the influence factor to landslide; it is especially important for the GIS spatial overlay analysis to determine the weight.

Key words: landslide, variable fractal, spatial distribution, Ningqiang,Shaanx