Sedimentary-geochemical Characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Significance of the Hejiazhai Formation in Western Henan

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.024

Abstract

Abstract:

The paleo-marine environment and paleo-sedimentary environment information preserved by the Neoproterozoic clastic and carbonate mixed sedimentary rocks can respond to the Neoproterozoic oxidation events. In this paper, via a combination of sedimentological and geochemical methods, the Hejiazhai Formation in western Henan Province was taken as a case study to discuss the sedimentary characteristics and its depositional environment, to reconstruct the pale-oceanic conditions and finally to provide some basis for the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Neoproterozoic southern margin of the North China Craton. The Hejiazhai Formation is composed of marlstone, limestone and quartz-bearing clastic limestone, and some molar-tooth structures and stromatolites can be seen, which are the characteristics of marine carbonate tidal flat deposits. The ratios of V/Cr、 Ni/Co and Sr/Ba indicate that there is a good correlation between the paleo-water depth and the redox condition of the paleo-ocean in the Hejiazhai Formation. It has experienced three cycles of water deepening and shallowing, and the oxygen content of the paleo-ocean decreases and then increases. By comparing with the paleoenvironment of the strata in the same period, the marine environment around the early Neoproterozoic plate has shown an oxidation state. We can use the conclusion of sedimentary environment analysis of Hejiazhai Formation to analyze the sedimentary environment and paleogeographic conditions of carbonate rocks in the southern margin of North China. The results of the analysis can provide evidence support for the Neoproterozoic oxidation events.Keywords: Neoproterozoic; Hejiazhai Formation; diamictite; stromatolite; Western Henan

Key words: Neoproterozoic, Hejiazhai Formation, diamictite, stromatolite, Western Henan

CLC Number:

P534.3

WANG Xin, ZHENG Deshun, SUN Fengbo, XU Boyang, LI Qianqian, LI Ting, SHI Zeyuan. Sedimentary-geochemical Characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Significance of the Hejiazhai Formation in Western Henan[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(03): 825-838.

Figures/Tables 10

References 83

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岩石分类	体积分数%	类型	名称示例
以碳酸盐为主	0<LS<25%	含陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩	如:含泥灰岩
以碳酸盐为主	25<LS<50%	陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩	如:粉砂质灰岩
以陆源碎屑为主	TS<25%	含碳酸盐-陆源碎屑岩	如:含灰泥岩
以陆源碎屑为主	25<TS<50%	碳酸盐-陆源碎屑岩	如:云质粉砂岩

岩石分类	体积分数%	类型	名称示例
以碳酸盐为主	0<LS<25%	含陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩	如:含泥灰岩
以碳酸盐为主	25<LS<50%	陆源碎屑-碳酸盐岩	如:粉砂质灰岩
以陆源碎屑为主	TS<25%	含碳酸盐-陆源碎屑岩	如:含灰泥岩
以陆源碎屑为主	25<TS<50%	碳酸盐-陆源碎屑岩	如:云质粉砂岩

元素	XWG 2-1	XWG 2-3	XWG 2-5	XWG 2-z	XWG 2-8	XWG 2-9	XWG 2-11	XWG 2-13	XWG 2-15	XWG 2-17	XWG 2-18	XWG 2-20	XWG 2-21	XWG 2-22
Sc	4.35	2.80	2.32	3.11	2.05	2.76	8.44	6.78	4.67	2.85	1.34	2.48	1.84	4.74
V	25.51	14.35	13.07	18.48	12.58	15.61	53.71	38.74	27.43	16.91	6.23	13.66	10.84	22.53
Cr	20.15	9.35	7.77	14.16	8.47	9.14	37.23	26.07	17.54	11.85	4.14	10.40	7.85	16.83
Co	4.25	1.95	2.50	2.26	2.44	2.89	6.53	8.00	4.73	1.37	1.14	3.00	2.62	2.68
Ni	6.33	6.67	6.64	7.04	6.32	6.29	14.25	15.04	9.90	7.12	4.69	6.61	5.66	14.63
Cu	8.59	4.50	3.33	5.13	4.92	3.33	16.11	18.71	7.07	4.79	2.34	3.07	5.00	2.78
Rb	72.16	23.37	21.34	34.69	18.79	21.43	107.73	91.70	54.38	32.09	9.36	23.51	15.05	42.45
Sr	162.42	478.54	504.17	405.07	572.01	572.95	240.47	111.73	270.09	395.41	602.87	176.25	382.38	456.79
Y	25.00	10.00	9.74	9.59	7.61	15.63	19.12	22.58	19.49	8.27	8.14	8.42	7.13	18.15
Zr	184.45	31.30	23.11	40.86	30.07	31.53	120.11	144.26	73.43	34.88	13.20	33.07	20.82	38.56
Mo	0.15	0.17	0.15	0.30	0.13	0.07	0.21	0.24	0.23	0.36	0.19	0.04	0.31	0.20
Ba	427.59	91.59	81.25	130.64	81.41	121.37	414.36	392.66	297.53	116.45	103.76	86.47	66.10	170.77
La	21.32	9.39	10.63	8.01	7.96	14.44	19.98	22.89	17.96	8.21	11.02	5.75	8.44	18.91
Ce	45.96	18.99	19.84	16.74	16.16	29.01	41.22	46.32	36.48	16.94	23.54	12.74	16.81	30.51
Pr	6.15	2.08	2.19	1.89	1.79	3.30	4.62	5.74	4.29	1.93	2.53	1.35	1.88	3.93
Nd	22.84	7.72	8.23	7.07	6.73	12.49	17.23	20.02	16.33	7.10	9.50	5.14	7.05	14.91
Sm	5.19	1.63	1.70	1.57	1.39	2.84	3.71	4.33	3.54	1.58	1.90	1.14	1.47	3.18
Eu	0.93	0.30	0.28	0.30	0.30	0.50	0.71	0.79	0.72	0.31	0.41	0.21	0.31	0.64
Gd	4.78	1.52	1.53	1.48	1.31	2.67	3.39	3.91	3.34	1.42	1.59	1.11	1.30	2.92
Tb	0.74	0.24	0.25	0.24	0.21	0.43	0.55	0.64	0.54	0.23	0.26	0.19	0.20	0.46
Dy	4.39	1.56	1.57	1.52	1.25	2.56	3.47	3.94	3.29	1.40	1.47	1.23	1.22	2.73
Ho	0.85	0.32	0.31	0.31	0.25	0.50	0.68	0.79	0.64	0.28	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.52
Er	2.34	0.93	0.89	0.93	0.70	1.36	2.05	2.27	1.80	0.80	0.71	0.76	0.68	1.47
Tm	0.35	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.10	0.19	0.30	0.34	0.26	0.11	0.09	0.11	0.09	0.20
Yb	2.21	0.87	0.84	0.91	0.65	1.20	2.04	2.31	1.73	0.76	0.65	0.72	0.63	1.36
Lu	0.34	0.13	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.17	0.31	0.35	0.26	0.12	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.20
Hf	5.00	0.84	0.66	1.12	0.84	0.84	3.40	3.99	2.03	0.97	0.37	0.90	0.58	1.09
Th	7.33	2.38	1.77	3.22	2.33	2.87	10.50	8.30	4.55	3.03	1.09	2.64	1.94	3.82
U	1.67	1.11	1.12	1.39	1.20	1.24	2.35	1.68	1.36	1.23	0.79	0.35	1.27	0.60

元素	XWG 2-1	XWG 2-3	XWG 2-5	XWG 2-z	XWG 2-8	XWG 2-9	XWG 2-11	XWG 2-13	XWG 2-15	XWG 2-17	XWG 2-18	XWG 2-20	XWG 2-21	XWG 2-22
Sc	4.35	2.80	2.32	3.11	2.05	2.76	8.44	6.78	4.67	2.85	1.34	2.48	1.84	4.74
V	25.51	14.35	13.07	18.48	12.58	15.61	53.71	38.74	27.43	16.91	6.23	13.66	10.84	22.53
Cr	20.15	9.35	7.77	14.16	8.47	9.14	37.23	26.07	17.54	11.85	4.14	10.40	7.85	16.83
Co	4.25	1.95	2.50	2.26	2.44	2.89	6.53	8.00	4.73	1.37	1.14	3.00	2.62	2.68
Ni	6.33	6.67	6.64	7.04	6.32	6.29	14.25	15.04	9.90	7.12	4.69	6.61	5.66	14.63
Cu	8.59	4.50	3.33	5.13	4.92	3.33	16.11	18.71	7.07	4.79	2.34	3.07	5.00	2.78
Rb	72.16	23.37	21.34	34.69	18.79	21.43	107.73	91.70	54.38	32.09	9.36	23.51	15.05	42.45
Sr	162.42	478.54	504.17	405.07	572.01	572.95	240.47	111.73	270.09	395.41	602.87	176.25	382.38	456.79
Y	25.00	10.00	9.74	9.59	7.61	15.63	19.12	22.58	19.49	8.27	8.14	8.42	7.13	18.15
Zr	184.45	31.30	23.11	40.86	30.07	31.53	120.11	144.26	73.43	34.88	13.20	33.07	20.82	38.56
Mo	0.15	0.17	0.15	0.30	0.13	0.07	0.21	0.24	0.23	0.36	0.19	0.04	0.31	0.20
Ba	427.59	91.59	81.25	130.64	81.41	121.37	414.36	392.66	297.53	116.45	103.76	86.47	66.10	170.77
La	21.32	9.39	10.63	8.01	7.96	14.44	19.98	22.89	17.96	8.21	11.02	5.75	8.44	18.91
Ce	45.96	18.99	19.84	16.74	16.16	29.01	41.22	46.32	36.48	16.94	23.54	12.74	16.81	30.51
Pr	6.15	2.08	2.19	1.89	1.79	3.30	4.62	5.74	4.29	1.93	2.53	1.35	1.88	3.93
Nd	22.84	7.72	8.23	7.07	6.73	12.49	17.23	20.02	16.33	7.10	9.50	5.14	7.05	14.91
Sm	5.19	1.63	1.70	1.57	1.39	2.84	3.71	4.33	3.54	1.58	1.90	1.14	1.47	3.18
Eu	0.93	0.30	0.28	0.30	0.30	0.50	0.71	0.79	0.72	0.31	0.41	0.21	0.31	0.64
Gd	4.78	1.52	1.53	1.48	1.31	2.67	3.39	3.91	3.34	1.42	1.59	1.11	1.30	2.92
Tb	0.74	0.24	0.25	0.24	0.21	0.43	0.55	0.64	0.54	0.23	0.26	0.19	0.20	0.46
Dy	4.39	1.56	1.57	1.52	1.25	2.56	3.47	3.94	3.29	1.40	1.47	1.23	1.22	2.73
Ho	0.85	0.32	0.31	0.31	0.25	0.50	0.68	0.79	0.64	0.28	0.27	0.25	0.24	0.52
Er	2.34	0.93	0.89	0.93	0.70	1.36	2.05	2.27	1.80	0.80	0.71	0.76	0.68	1.47
Tm	0.35	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.10	0.19	0.30	0.34	0.26	0.11	0.09	0.11	0.09	0.20
Yb	2.21	0.87	0.84	0.91	0.65	1.20	2.04	2.31	1.73	0.76	0.65	0.72	0.63	1.36
Lu	0.34	0.13	0.12	0.13	0.10	0.17	0.31	0.35	0.26	0.12	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.20
Hf	5.00	0.84	0.66	1.12	0.84	0.84	3.40	3.99	2.03	0.97	0.37	0.90	0.58	1.09
Th	7.33	2.38	1.77	3.22	2.33	2.87	10.50	8.30	4.55	3.03	1.09	2.64	1.94	3.82
U	1.67	1.11	1.12	1.39	1.20	1.24	2.35	1.68	1.36	1.23	0.79	0.35	1.27	0.60

判别指标		V/Cr	Ni/Co	Ce/Ce^*
沉积环境	氧化环境	<2	<5	<0.9
	贫氧环境	2~4.5	5~7	0.9~1.1
	缺氧环境	>4.5	>7	>1.1