Remote Sensing Survey of Glaciers Based on GF-1 Spectral Data in the Qinghai-Tibet Region

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2018.03.16

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on remote sensing images, including mainly GF-1 and minor OLI in 2014/2015, the glacier inventory of Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region is completed with reference to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory and other literatures. The results show that there are currently 24,796 glaciers with a total area of about 2.624×10⁴ km², covering about 1.37% of the land area of the surveyed region.The ice volume is estimated to be about 2.027×10³ to 2.121×10³ km³. These 24,796 glaciers are dominated by those with sizes below 1.0 km² (19,983 glaciers, 80.59% of the total number of glaciers) or 1.0 to 10.0 km² (11,962.40 km², 45.59% of the total glacial size). The Zhongfeng Glacier is the largest glacier (237.37 km²). The glaciers are spatially distributed in nine mountains or plateaus: The Nyainqentanglula Mountains contain the largest number of glaciers, followed by the Himalayas and the Gangdese Mountains, which altogether account for 63.33% of the total glacier number in the region.The sizes and ice volumes of the Nyainqentanglula, Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains rank among the top three, accounting for 68.09% of the total size and 73.44% of the total ice volume. The average single glacier size in the Kunlun Mountains and Qiangtang plateau is greater than that in the Nyainqentanglula and the Himalayas. Over 85% of the number or the area of the glaciers is concentrated in the 5,000 m to 6,500 m elevation. Analogously, there is an obvious difference of glacial resources in different drainage basins. On one hand, the Ganges basin is the largest first-level drainage in terms of the number (47% of total) or size (52% of total) of glaciers. On the other hand, the number (21% of total) and size (24% of total) of glaciers in the inner basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are smaller than those of the Ganges, and the average single glacier size in the inner stream is slightly larger than the average of the outflow basin. In general, the Tibetan glacial resources (in terms of number and size of glacier and ice volume) account for nearly 85% of the total glacial resources in Tibet and Qinghai, and the average single glacial size is similar between the glaciers in Tibet and Qinghai.

Key words: glacier resource, glacier distribution, remote sensing, glacier inventory, Qinghai-Tibet region

CLC Number:

P627
P642.5

AN Guoying, HAN Lei, HUANG Shuchun, GU Yanqun, ZHI Ruirong, GUO Zhaocheng, TONG Liqiang. Remote Sensing Survey of Glaciers Based on GF-1 Spectral Data in the Qinghai-Tibet Region[J]. Geoscience, 2018, 32(03): 584-594.

Figures/Tables 14

References 26

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获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景
2014-01	14	2014-04	4	2014-07	5	2014-11	12	2015-01	1
2014-02	2	2014-05	16	2014-08	3	2014-12	23	2015-03	1
2014-03	2	2014-06	22	2014-09	10			2015-11	1

获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景	获取时间	数量/景
2014-01	14	2014-04	4	2014-07	5	2014-11	12	2015-01	1
2014-02	2	2014-05	16	2014-08	3	2014-12	23	2015-03	1
2014-03	2	2014-06	22	2014-09	10			2015-11	1

	冰川数量		冰川面积		冰储量		单体冰川面积/km²
	数量/条	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	冰储量/km³	占比/%	平均值	最大值	最小值
青海	3 738	15.08	3 957.92	15.08	276.19±0.31	13.32	1.058 8	87.07	0.004 8
西藏	21 058	84.92	22 280.33	84.92	1 797.94±46.76	86.68	1.058 0	237.37	0.005 2
总计	24 796	100.00	26 238.25	100.00	2 074.13±47.07	100.00	1.058 2	237.37	0.004 8
青海^*	3 803	14.81	3 936.75	14.21	274.77±0.32	12.16	1.035 2	83.94	0.010 3
西藏^*	21 872	85.19	23 795.41	85.79	1 984.70±61.21	87.84	1.087 9	237.46	0.010 0
总计^*	25 675	100.00	27 732.16	100.00	2 259.47±61.48	100.00	1.080 1	237.46	0.010 0

	冰川数量		冰川面积		冰储量		单体冰川面积/km²
	数量/条	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	冰储量/km³	占比/%	平均值	最大值	最小值
青海	3 738	15.08	3 957.92	15.08	276.19±0.31	13.32	1.058 8	87.07	0.004 8
西藏	21 058	84.92	22 280.33	84.92	1 797.94±46.76	86.68	1.058 0	237.37	0.005 2
总计	24 796	100.00	26 238.25	100.00	2 074.13±47.07	100.00	1.058 2	237.37	0.004 8
青海^*	3 803	14.81	3 936.75	14.21	274.77±0.32	12.16	1.035 2	83.94	0.010 3
西藏^*	21 872	85.19	23 795.41	85.79	1 984.70±61.21	87.84	1.087 9	237.46	0.010 0
总计^*	25 675	100.00	27 732.16	100.00	2 259.47±61.48	100.00	1.080 1	237.46	0.010 0

规模/km²	冰川数量			冰川面积			冰储量
规模/km²	数量/条	占比/%	占比^*/%	面积/km²	占比/%	占比^*/%	冰储量/km³	占比/%		占比^*/%
<0.1	6 495	26.19	26.06	333.82	1.27	1.24	5.33±1.07	0.26		0.22
0.1~1.0	13 488	54.40	55.37	4 882.71	18.61	18.27	151.27±17.46	7.29		6.48
1.0~10	4 440	17.91	17.08	11 962.40	45.59	42.36	724.99±20.83	34.95		29.37
10~100	366	1.48	1.44	7 983.93	30.43	30.44	958.59±55.90	46.22		43.24
>100	7	0.03	0.04	1 075.38	4.10	7.69	233.94±30.52	11.28		20.69
总计	24 796	100.00	100.00	26 238.25	100.00	100.00	2 074.13±47.07	100.00	100.00