Control and Transformation of Control-hill Faults in Rift Basins During the Development of Fault-controlled Buried Hills: A Case Study of the Gangxi Fault and the Gangbei Buried Hill in the Huanghua Depression

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.051

Abstract

Abstract:

Fault-controlled buried hills is the main type of hydrocarbon-bearing structures, and research in this field has evolved from focusing on single weathered crust types to exploring multi-layered series within buried hill interiors.The control-hill fault, which defines the boundary of the buried hill, is a critical breakthrough point for studying this type of structure.Using the Gangxi Fault in the Huanghua Depression as a case study, this research explores the constraints imposed by mountain-controlling faults on buried hill development and the transformation of buried hill structures.We analyzed the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the mountain-controlling faults, as well as the macroscopic and internal structures and evolution of the Gangbei buried hill.The study reveals that the Gangxi Fault can be classified into three types: planar, listric, and slope-flat, which together form the macroscopic features of the boundary cliff surface.The movement rate of the Gangxi Fault during the Neogene was less than 20 m/Ma, while the average movement rate during the Oligocene and Paleogene was 100 m/Ma.In the Eocene, and the movement rate exceeded 200 m/Ma, with weaker fault activity in the southern section and stronger activity in the northern section along the strike.The Gongbei buried hill exhibits a macrostructure with higher elevation in the southern and lower elevation in the northern section.The evolution of the Gangbei buried hill consists of three stages: the inner stratum construction stage, the fault-controlled buried hill development stage, and the structural stabilization and subsidence stage.The geometry, kinematics, and evolution of the Gangxi Fault, as a control-hill fault in a continental rift basin, significantly impact the buried hill, primarily by controlling its formation process.It also affects the macro-morphology of the buried hill and the reconstruction of its internal structure, which in turn influences trap conditions, oil and gas migration, and reservoir performance.

Key words: fault-controlled buried hill, control-hill fault, continental rift basin, Huanghua Depression, Gangbei buried hill, Gangxi Fault

CLC Number:

P542.34

ZHANG Jinning, WANG Wenjie, NENG Yuan, MA Xiao, XIANG Honghan, LIU Peiye, MEI Yongxu, YU Wenxin. Control and Transformation of Control-hill Faults in Rift Basins During the Development of Fault-controlled Buried Hills: A Case Study of the Gangxi Fault and the Gangbei Buried Hill in the Huanghua Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(06): 1445-1457.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Location map of the research area (basemap after ref.[23])

Fig.2 Section map of the Gangxi fault

Fig.3 NW-SE seismic profiles of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

Fig.4 Movement rate of the Gangxi Fault for each geological period

Fig.5 NE-SW geological section of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

Fig.6 Structural evolution profile of the Gangbei buried hill (seeing the location of seismic profiles in Fig.2)

Fig.7 Relationship between structural stratigraphy and the evolution of the Gangbei buried hill

Fig.8 Models of basement faults controlling the buried hill formation process

Fig.9 Inner fault combinations of the Gangbei buried hill and the rose diagram

Fig.10 Microscopic characteristics of structural fractures in the inner layer of the Gangbei buried hill

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