Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Granite Porphyry in the Beidashan Area,Alxa Block: Constraints from Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopes

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.063

Abstract

Abstract:

The Beidashan Complex is located in the Beidashan area of the Alxa block,and represents an Early Precambrian metamorphic basement.These magmatic-metamorphic events are of great significance for studying the tectonic evolution and tectonic affinity of the Early Precambrian Alxa block.Here,we studied the petrography,geochemistry,zircon geochronology and Hf isotopes of the Cijingzi granite porphyry in the Beidashan area.The geochemical data shows that Cijingzi granite porphyry is characterized by high SiO₂(73.85%-75.41%),Al₂O₃(13.40%-14.19%) and K₂O(3.83%-4.80%),and low Na₂O(2.10%-3.31%) and $\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}{ }^{\mathrm{T}}$(0.93%-1.33%).The rocks have obvious negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.15-0.29),with obvious enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREE)and depletion in heavy rare earth elements(HREE)in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns.It is also depleted in Nb, Ta,Ti and other high field strength elements(HFSEs)in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns,similar to highly fractional I-type granite.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Cijingzi granite porphyry yielded an emplacement age of 2,035.6±8.4 Ma.The Cijingzi granite porphyry has ε_Hf(t)=0.48-7.04 and Hf model age=2,627-2,222 Ma,indicating that the characteristics of the mixing of crust-derived magmas with mantle-derived ones.Combined with the previous studies,the magmatic event at Ca.2.0 Ga in the Alxa block exhibits the bimodal volcanic assemblage,and the felsic rocks are mostly of A-type,which were formed in an extensional environment.Zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions shows that the Alxa block and the Khondalite belt of the North China Craton have clear affinity in the Paleoproterozoic.

Key words: North China Craton, Alxa block, Beidashan area, Paleoproterozoic, zircon, magmatic event

CLC Number:

SU Hui, ZENG Renyu, GAN Debin, YAN Jie. Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Granite Porphyry in the Beidashan Area,Alxa Block: Constraints from Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopes[J]. Geoscience, 2023, 37(06): 1580-1596.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Tectonic location (a)(basemap after Zeng et al[33]) and geological sketch (b)(basemap after Zhang et al[18]) of the Alxa region

Fig.2 Field and microscopic photographs of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

Table 1 Zircon U-Pb dating of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area (sample No.LSS18-89)

测点号	元素含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值							同位素年龄(Ma)
测点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ		²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb		1σ		²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U		1σ		²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U		1σ
1	299.67	109.89	680.78	0.16	0.1258	0.0011	6.4868	0.0623	0.3723	0.0023	2040.43		16.20		2044.11		8.56		2040.17		10.72
2	78.49	136.91	151.14	0.91	0.1273	0.0012	6.5907	0.0667	0.3744	0.0024	2061.11		16.36		2058.11		9.03		2050.0		11.35
3	327.15	130.61	728.52	0.18	0.1262	0.0010	6.6950	0.0663	0.3833	0.0028	2055.55		13.89		2071.96		8.86		2091.9		13.22
4	147.84	95.52	326.43	0.29	0.1250	0.0010	6.4874	0.0627	0.3750	0.0025	2028.09		14.51		2044.19		8.62		2052.9		11.94
6	94.00	57.61	206.54	0.28	0.1265	0.0011	6.7872	0.0752	0.3876	0.0031	2050.31		15.28		2084.06		9.91		2111.6		14.53
7	177.37	117.90	378.09	0.31	0.1254	0.0011	6.7002	0.0670	0.3859	0.0025	2035.18		14.66		2072.65		8.95		2103.6		11.84
8	146.65	99.87	319.47	0.31	0.1260	0.0013	6.5390	0.0725	0.3746	0.0023	2042.28		18.36		2051.17		9.87		2051.2		11.02
9	74.72	50.13	165.19	0.30	0.1262	0.0013	6.5619	0.0765	0.3757	0.0028	2045.98		18.21		2054.24		10.37		2056.4		13.19
11	174.03	115.32	382.02	0.30	0.1260	0.0011	6.5329	0.0656	0.3754	0.0030	2042.28		14.97		2050.35		8.95		2054.8		13.92
13	66.33	41.11	145.42	0.28	0.1247	0.0012	6.5320	0.0665	0.3789	0.0025	2024.38		16.67		2050.23		9.08		2071.2		11.94
14	62.32	30.97	141.20	0.22	0.1232	0.0016	6.5565	0.0710	0.3759	0.0025	2002.16		22.84		2053.52		9.64		2057.0		11.65
15	211.45	141.66	479.80	0.30	0.1269	0.0012	6.5904	0.0685	0.3754	0.0027	2055.24		16.67		2058.06		9.27		2054.7		12.49
16	294.04	209.98	646.87	0.32	0.1252	0.0012	6.5199	0.0678	0.3764	0.0026	2032.41		17.60		2048.59		9.27		2059.4		12.12
17	362.99	157.71	828.05	0.19	0.1249	0.0012	6.5061	0.0696	0.3762	0.0026	2027.47		22.68		2046.72		9.51		2058.6		12.17
18	471.68	495.60	1160.58	0.43	0.1231	0.0011	5.6928	0.0634	0.3340	0.0027	2001.54		16.36		1930.27		9.71		1857.6		12.93
19	117.94	63.00	265.42	0.24	0.1275	0.0012	6.5991	0.0647	0.3738	0.0023	2064.50		16.36		2059.23		8.76		2047.2		10.99
20	114.42	46.33	265.49	0.17	0.1245	0.0011	6.3731	0.0646	0.3700	0.0025	2021.30		16.67		2028.57		9.01		2029.4		11.99
22	85.87	54.92	174.77	0.31	0.1271	0.0012	7.1871	0.0757	0.4086	0.0028	2057.71		17.75		2134.91		9.50		2208.7		12.77
24	215.24	99.38	466.57	0.21	0.1263	0.0013	6.9077	0.0789	0.3948	0.0029	2046.60		18.05		2099.65		10.24		2145.2		13.55
27	216.39	206.27	477.61	0.43	0.1254	0.0011	6.3539	0.0601	0.3657	0.0023	2035.18		14.81		2025.93		8.41		2009.2		10.99
29	256.00	125.86	579.36	0.22	0.1238	0.0010	6.3994	0.0598	0.3730	0.0025	2012.96		13.73		2032.18		8.33		2043.7		11.69
30	151.56	89.23	347.40	0.26	0.1210	0.0015	6.5104	0.0631	0.3746	0.0025	1972.23		22.22		2047.30		8.65		2051.0		11.60
33	453.17	369.19	1012.11	0.36	0.1226	0.0011	6.2047	0.0632	0.3653	0.0024	1994.45		16.36		2005.11		9.01		2007.1		11.28
34	112.59	101.17	246.93	0.41	0.1238	0.0012	6.2628	0.0627	0.3653	0.0023	2012.96		16.67		2013.27		8.87		2007.4		10.84
35	187.55	138.33	385.55	0.36	0.1244	0.0011	6.9647	0.0735	0.4040	0.0029	2020.37		14.97		2106.93		9.48		2187.6		13.39

Table 1 Zircon U-Pb dating of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area (sample No.LSS18-89)

测点号	元素含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值							同位素年龄(Ma)
测点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1σ		²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb		1σ		²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U		1σ		²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U		1σ
1	299.67	109.89	680.78	0.16	0.1258	0.0011	6.4868	0.0623	0.3723	0.0023	2040.43		16.20		2044.11		8.56		2040.17		10.72
2	78.49	136.91	151.14	0.91	0.1273	0.0012	6.5907	0.0667	0.3744	0.0024	2061.11		16.36		2058.11		9.03		2050.0		11.35
3	327.15	130.61	728.52	0.18	0.1262	0.0010	6.6950	0.0663	0.3833	0.0028	2055.55		13.89		2071.96		8.86		2091.9		13.22
4	147.84	95.52	326.43	0.29	0.1250	0.0010	6.4874	0.0627	0.3750	0.0025	2028.09		14.51		2044.19		8.62		2052.9		11.94
6	94.00	57.61	206.54	0.28	0.1265	0.0011	6.7872	0.0752	0.3876	0.0031	2050.31		15.28		2084.06		9.91		2111.6		14.53
7	177.37	117.90	378.09	0.31	0.1254	0.0011	6.7002	0.0670	0.3859	0.0025	2035.18		14.66		2072.65		8.95		2103.6		11.84
8	146.65	99.87	319.47	0.31	0.1260	0.0013	6.5390	0.0725	0.3746	0.0023	2042.28		18.36		2051.17		9.87		2051.2		11.02
9	74.72	50.13	165.19	0.30	0.1262	0.0013	6.5619	0.0765	0.3757	0.0028	2045.98		18.21		2054.24		10.37		2056.4		13.19
11	174.03	115.32	382.02	0.30	0.1260	0.0011	6.5329	0.0656	0.3754	0.0030	2042.28		14.97		2050.35		8.95		2054.8		13.92
13	66.33	41.11	145.42	0.28	0.1247	0.0012	6.5320	0.0665	0.3789	0.0025	2024.38		16.67		2050.23		9.08		2071.2		11.94
14	62.32	30.97	141.20	0.22	0.1232	0.0016	6.5565	0.0710	0.3759	0.0025	2002.16		22.84		2053.52		9.64		2057.0		11.65
15	211.45	141.66	479.80	0.30	0.1269	0.0012	6.5904	0.0685	0.3754	0.0027	2055.24		16.67		2058.06		9.27		2054.7		12.49
16	294.04	209.98	646.87	0.32	0.1252	0.0012	6.5199	0.0678	0.3764	0.0026	2032.41		17.60		2048.59		9.27		2059.4		12.12
17	362.99	157.71	828.05	0.19	0.1249	0.0012	6.5061	0.0696	0.3762	0.0026	2027.47		22.68		2046.72		9.51		2058.6		12.17
18	471.68	495.60	1160.58	0.43	0.1231	0.0011	5.6928	0.0634	0.3340	0.0027	2001.54		16.36		1930.27		9.71		1857.6		12.93
19	117.94	63.00	265.42	0.24	0.1275	0.0012	6.5991	0.0647	0.3738	0.0023	2064.50		16.36		2059.23		8.76		2047.2		10.99
20	114.42	46.33	265.49	0.17	0.1245	0.0011	6.3731	0.0646	0.3700	0.0025	2021.30		16.67		2028.57		9.01		2029.4		11.99
22	85.87	54.92	174.77	0.31	0.1271	0.0012	7.1871	0.0757	0.4086	0.0028	2057.71		17.75		2134.91		9.50		2208.7		12.77
24	215.24	99.38	466.57	0.21	0.1263	0.0013	6.9077	0.0789	0.3948	0.0029	2046.60		18.05		2099.65		10.24		2145.2		13.55
27	216.39	206.27	477.61	0.43	0.1254	0.0011	6.3539	0.0601	0.3657	0.0023	2035.18		14.81		2025.93		8.41		2009.2		10.99
29	256.00	125.86	579.36	0.22	0.1238	0.0010	6.3994	0.0598	0.3730	0.0025	2012.96		13.73		2032.18		8.33		2043.7		11.69
30	151.56	89.23	347.40	0.26	0.1210	0.0015	6.5104	0.0631	0.3746	0.0025	1972.23		22.22		2047.30		8.65		2051.0		11.60
33	453.17	369.19	1012.11	0.36	0.1226	0.0011	6.2047	0.0632	0.3653	0.0024	1994.45		16.36		2005.11		9.01		2007.1		11.28
34	112.59	101.17	246.93	0.41	0.1238	0.0012	6.2628	0.0627	0.3653	0.0023	2012.96		16.67		2013.27		8.87		2007.4		10.84
35	187.55	138.33	385.55	0.36	0.1244	0.0011	6.9647	0.0735	0.4040	0.0029	2020.37		14.97		2106.93		9.48		2187.6		13.39

Fig.3 Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area(the zircon 206Pb/238U ages are indicated)

Fig.4 Zircon U-Pb age concordia plots of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

Table 2 Major element (%) and trace element (10-6) compositions of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

样品编号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
LSS18-90	73.85	0.01	14.18	0.97	0.06	0.07	1.27	2.10	4.80	0.02	2.00	99.33
LSS18-91	74.76	0.01	13.40	1.12	0.07	0.10	1.22	3.07	3.83	0.03	1.74	99.35
LSS18-92	75.41	0.01	14.19	1.13	0.10	0.07	0.26	3.17	4.06	0.01	1.01	99.42
LSS18-93	74.18	0.01	13.94	0.93	0.05	0.11	0.84	3.02	4.55	0.01	1.47	99.11
LSS18-94	74.80	0.01	13.61	1.33	0.07	0.15	0.75	3.31	4.35	0.01	1.36	99.75
样品编号	A/CNK	Mg^#	FeO^T	Rb	Ba	Th	U	Ta	Nb	Sr	Zr	Hf
LSS18-90	1.30	0.24	0.87	268.00	315.00	8.55	2.30	1.60	12.30	30.10	58.00	3.50
LSS18-91	1.18	0.28	1.01	229.00	283.00	7.60	2.17	1.50	10.70	37.60	51.00	3.00
LSS18-92	1.41	0.21	1.02	239.00	252.00	8.76	2.25	1.60	14.20	29.70	57.00	3.60
LSS18-93	1.22	0.36	0.84	262.00	251.00	8.91	2.48	1.50	11.90	41.10	62.00	3.50
LSS18-94	1.18	0.35	1.20	247.00	273.00	8.42	2.42	1.30	9.70	40.80	55.00	3.60
样品编号	Y	Cr	Ga	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd		Tb
LSS18-90	24.30	10.00	22.50	7.90	15.20	1.80	7.40	2.98	0.19	3.04		0.65
LSS18-91	22.00	20.00	20.30	7.00	13.90	1.75	7.10	2.41	0.21	3.23		0.60
LSS18-92	23.40	30.00	21.50	6.80	14.10	1.86	7.00	2.88	0.15	3.14		0.63
LSS18-93	24.10	20.00	22.70	6.90	14.70	1.73	7.40	2.83	0.17	3.02		0.61
LSS18-94	23.10	20.00	21.80	7.10	15.30	1.82	7.30	2.34	0.26	3.29		0.58
样品编号	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	ΣREE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu
LSS18-90	4.17	0.82	2.25	0.33	2.13	0.32	49.18	35.47	13.71	2.59		0.19
LSS18-91	3.80	0.78	2.18	0.33	2.25	0.33	45.87	32.37	13.50	2.40		0.23
LSS18-92	4.11	0.79	2.32	0.34	2.21	0.33	46.66	32.79	13.87	2.36		0.15
LSS18-93	3.82	0.77	2.15	0.31	2.01	0.29	46.71	33.73	12.98	2.60		0.18
LSS18-94	3.70	0.81	2.16	0.34	2.12	0.32	47.44	34.12	13.32	2.56		0.29

Table 2 Major element (%) and trace element (10-6) compositions of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

样品编号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂ $O 3 T$	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
LSS18-90	73.85	0.01	14.18	0.97	0.06	0.07	1.27	2.10	4.80	0.02	2.00	99.33
LSS18-91	74.76	0.01	13.40	1.12	0.07	0.10	1.22	3.07	3.83	0.03	1.74	99.35
LSS18-92	75.41	0.01	14.19	1.13	0.10	0.07	0.26	3.17	4.06	0.01	1.01	99.42
LSS18-93	74.18	0.01	13.94	0.93	0.05	0.11	0.84	3.02	4.55	0.01	1.47	99.11
LSS18-94	74.80	0.01	13.61	1.33	0.07	0.15	0.75	3.31	4.35	0.01	1.36	99.75
样品编号	A/CNK	Mg^#	FeO^T	Rb	Ba	Th	U	Ta	Nb	Sr	Zr	Hf
LSS18-90	1.30	0.24	0.87	268.00	315.00	8.55	2.30	1.60	12.30	30.10	58.00	3.50
LSS18-91	1.18	0.28	1.01	229.00	283.00	7.60	2.17	1.50	10.70	37.60	51.00	3.00
LSS18-92	1.41	0.21	1.02	239.00	252.00	8.76	2.25	1.60	14.20	29.70	57.00	3.60
LSS18-93	1.22	0.36	0.84	262.00	251.00	8.91	2.48	1.50	11.90	41.10	62.00	3.50
LSS18-94	1.18	0.35	1.20	247.00	273.00	8.42	2.42	1.30	9.70	40.80	55.00	3.60
样品编号	Y	Cr	Ga	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd		Tb
LSS18-90	24.30	10.00	22.50	7.90	15.20	1.80	7.40	2.98	0.19	3.04		0.65
LSS18-91	22.00	20.00	20.30	7.00	13.90	1.75	7.10	2.41	0.21	3.23		0.60
LSS18-92	23.40	30.00	21.50	6.80	14.10	1.86	7.00	2.88	0.15	3.14		0.63
LSS18-93	24.10	20.00	22.70	6.90	14.70	1.73	7.40	2.83	0.17	3.02		0.61
LSS18-94	23.10	20.00	21.80	7.10	15.30	1.82	7.30	2.34	0.26	3.29		0.58
样品编号	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	ΣREE	LREE	HREE	LREE/HREE		δEu
LSS18-90	4.17	0.82	2.25	0.33	2.13	0.32	49.18	35.47	13.71	2.59		0.19
LSS18-91	3.80	0.78	2.18	0.33	2.25	0.33	45.87	32.37	13.50	2.40		0.23
LSS18-92	4.11	0.79	2.32	0.34	2.21	0.33	46.66	32.79	13.87	2.36		0.15
LSS18-93	3.82	0.77	2.15	0.31	2.01	0.29	46.71	33.73	12.98	2.60		0.18
LSS18-94	3.70	0.81	2.16	0.34	2.12	0.32	47.44	34.12	13.32	2.56		0.29

Fig.5 SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)(a)(after Middlemost [43]),Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 (b)(after Rickwood [44]),A/CNK-A/NK(c)(after Maniar et al[45]) and SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)(d)(after Middlemost[43]) of granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution diagram(a)and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spidergram(b)of the granite porphyry from Cijingzi (normalizing values from Sun and McDonough[46])

Table 3 Zircon Hf isotopic composition of the granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

样品编号	年龄 (Ma)	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	I_Hf/Hf	ε_Hf(t)	2σ	T_DM1(Ma)	$T D M C$ (Ma)
1	2053	0.2816827	0.00000744	0.001567109	0.04488218	0.281621467	5.21	0.263109502	2232	2335
2	2053	0.2815213	0.00000803	0.000843585	0.02232957	0.281488338	0.48	0.283974368	2410	2627
4	2053	0.2816887	0.00000811	0.000836448	0.02481311	0.281656017	6.44	0.286803502	2181	2259
6	2053	0.2816344	0.00000842	0.000971284	0.02701522	0.281596448	4.32	0.297766398	2263	2390
7	2053	0.2816184	0.00000881	0.000943779	0.02728274	0.281581523	3.79	0.311558429	2284	2422
9	2053	0.2816836	0.0000076	0.000637736	0.01849191	0.281658681	6.53	0.268767771	2177	2253
13	2053	0.2816156	0.00000821	0.000744685	0.02270614	0.281586503	3.97	0.290339921	2276	2411
17	2053	0.2816843	0.00000934	0.001674804	0.04943524	0.281618859	5.12	0.330301444	2236	2340
19	2053	0.2816668	0.00000751	0.00114751	0.03391567	0.281621963	5.23	0.265584994	2229	2334
22	2053	0.2816474	0.00000741	0.00070325	0.02073354	0.281619922	5.16	0.262048576	2230	2338
27	2053	0.2817226	0.00000813	0.001272153	0.03709011	0.281672892	7.04	0.287510786	2159	2222
29	2053	0.2816819	0.00000951	0.000901604	0.02541544	0.281646671	6.11	0.336313355	2194	2279
35	2053	0.2816684	0.00000783	0.001039094	0.02884848	0.281627799	5.44	0.276901532	2221	2321

Table 3 Zircon Hf isotopic composition of the granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

样品编号	年龄 (Ma)	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	I_Hf/Hf	ε_Hf(t)	2σ	T_DM1(Ma)	$T D M C$ (Ma)
1	2053	0.2816827	0.00000744	0.001567109	0.04488218	0.281621467	5.21	0.263109502	2232	2335
2	2053	0.2815213	0.00000803	0.000843585	0.02232957	0.281488338	0.48	0.283974368	2410	2627
4	2053	0.2816887	0.00000811	0.000836448	0.02481311	0.281656017	6.44	0.286803502	2181	2259
6	2053	0.2816344	0.00000842	0.000971284	0.02701522	0.281596448	4.32	0.297766398	2263	2390
7	2053	0.2816184	0.00000881	0.000943779	0.02728274	0.281581523	3.79	0.311558429	2284	2422
9	2053	0.2816836	0.0000076	0.000637736	0.01849191	0.281658681	6.53	0.268767771	2177	2253
13	2053	0.2816156	0.00000821	0.000744685	0.02270614	0.281586503	3.97	0.290339921	2276	2411
17	2053	0.2816843	0.00000934	0.001674804	0.04943524	0.281618859	5.12	0.330301444	2236	2340
19	2053	0.2816668	0.00000751	0.00114751	0.03391567	0.281621963	5.23	0.265584994	2229	2334
22	2053	0.2816474	0.00000741	0.00070325	0.02073354	0.281619922	5.16	0.262048576	2230	2338
27	2053	0.2817226	0.00000813	0.001272153	0.03709011	0.281672892	7.04	0.287510786	2159	2222
29	2053	0.2816819	0.00000951	0.000901604	0.02541544	0.281646671	6.11	0.336313355	2194	2279
35	2053	0.2816684	0.00000783	0.001039094	0.02884848	0.281627799	5.44	0.276901532	2221	2321

Fig.7 Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,La/Ta and La/Nb relationship diagrams with TE1,3 of the granite porphyry from Cijingzi area

Fig.8 Granite petrogenetic discrimination diagrams of thegranite porphyry from Cijingzi area((a) after Sylvester et al.[51];(b) after Whalen et al.[52];(c) and (d) after Collins et al[53];(e) and (f) after Chappell et al.[54] and Li et al.[55])

Fig.9 Discrimination diagram of fractional crystallization for the granite porphyry from Cijingzi(mineral fractionation trend from Wu et al.[65])

Fig.10 Hf isotopic composition plot of the granite porphyry from Cijingzi area(shaded part represents evolution trend of Beidashan complex,after Zhang et al.[77])

Fig.11 Age comparison histograms and corresponding magmatic zircon Hf isotopic composition of the Early Precambrian basements in the western Alxa block and Khondalite belt

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