安徽巢湖地区二叠系瓜德鲁普统孤峰组古环境演化

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二叠纪瓜德鲁普世是古海洋条件发生重大变化的转折期。瓜德鲁普世古海洋、古环境的演化对古生代底栖无脊椎动物灭绝的影响仍然是个谜。利用元素地球化学,分析瓜德鲁普统孤峰组的陆源碎屑供应、海洋表层水体的初级生产力以及底部水体的氧化还原条件。结果表明:瓜德鲁普世早期和晚期分别发生了一次陆源碎屑输入的高峰期。瓜德鲁普世早期海洋初级生产力最高,中期海水初级生产力较低,而晚期稍有升高。瓜德鲁普世古海水主要为缺氧至硫化环境。瓜德鲁普世早期以贫氧至缺氧环境为主,间歇性出现硫化环境;中晚期则以硫化环境为主,间歇性出现缺氧环境。这些氧化还原环境的演化主要受到水动力条件的影响。瓜德鲁普世深水环境水体的持续缺氧硫化引发浅水台地底部水体的持续贫氧甚至缺氧,造成海洋生态系统变得脆弱,引发生物危机事件。

关键词: 瓜德鲁普统, 孤峰组, 氧化还原, 初级生产力, 巢湖

Abstract:

The Guadalupian (Permian) period was a critical transition of paleo-ocean conditions. The effect of the paleo-ocean and paleo-environmental conditions on the Guadalupian mass extinction of benthic paleo-invertebrates is still a mystery. Here, we analyzed terrestrial detritus input, surface water primary productivity and bottom water redox conditions in the Guadalupian Gufeng Formation via elemental geochemistry. The results show high terrestrial detrital inputs in the Early and Late Guadalupian. The primary marine productivity was the highest in the Early Guadalupian, low in the Middle Guadalupian, and relatively high in the Late Guadalupian. The paleo-water column was mainly anoxic to euxinic in the Guadalupian. The Early Guadalupian was mainly suboxic-anoxic with intermittent euxinic episodes, while the Middle-Late Guadalupian was mainly euxinic with intermittent anoxic episodes. The environmental redox evolution may have controlled mainly by hydrodynamic conditions. The persistent anoxia/euxinia of the deep-water environment in the Guadalupian may have led to persistent suboxia (or even anoxia) of the shallow-platform bottom water, causing vulnerability to the marine ecosystem and eventually biocrisis events.

Key words: Guadalupian, Gufeng Formation, redox, primary productivity, Chaohu

中图分类号:

P736
P588.2

唐瞻文, 韦恒叶. 安徽巢湖地区二叠系瓜德鲁普统孤峰组古环境演化[J]. 现代地质, 2020, 34(01): 166-176.

TANG Zhanwen, WEI Hengye. Paleoenvironmental Evolution in the Guadalupian (Permian) Gufeng Formation in Chaohu Area,Anhui[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(01): 166-176.

图/表 7

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样品编号	深度/cm	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
CH05	118	57.57	0.63	13.43	4.52	0.01	1.27	2.80	0.10	2.99	2.45	14.66	100.43
CH10	243	56.38	0.38	9.04	3.91	<0.01	0.74	2.18	<0.01	1.84	0.98	25.04	100.49
CH15	361	45.27	0.43	8.53	5.54	0.01	0.86	6.29	0.13	1.87	6.55	27.16	102.64
CH20	486	72.13	0.38	7.96	2.67	<0.01	0.65	1.23	<0.01	1.69	1.28	11.59	99.58
CH25	581	91.81	0.06	1.36	0.98	0.04	0.02	0.59	<0.01	0.18	0.13	5.21	100.38
CH30	700	93.72	0.05	1.17	0.54	<0.01	0.04	0.32	<0.01	0.11	0.04	3.76	99.75
CH35	818	93.91	0.08	2.15	1.07	0.02	0.07	0.19	<0.01	0.15	0.05	2.40	100.09
CH40	939	92.86	0.12	2.34	1.01	<0.01	0.13	0.25	<0.01	0.33	0.07	3.23	100.34
CH45	1 069	94.16	0.05	1.04	0.63	<0.01	0.05	0.30	<0.01	0.14	0.02	3.91	100.30
CH50	1 169	92.44	0.05	1.18	0.73	<0.01	0.05	0.25	<0.01	0.12	0.04	4.76	99.62
CH55	1 294	93.02	0.05	1.13	0.32	<0.01	0.05	0.21	<0.01	0.13	0.02	5.48	100.41
CH60	1 424	80.56	0.16	4.06	1.23	0.03	0.17	0.62	<0.01	0.43	0.05	13.19	100.50
CH65	1 549	78.47	0.22	5.45	1.08	<0.01	0.26	0.56	<0.01	0.64	0.03	15.17	101.88
CH70	1 674	80.10	0.19	3.56	1.42	<0.01	0.14	0.11	<0.01	0.50	0.03	16.44	102.49
CH75	1 807	85.89	0.14	1.96	0.35	<0.01	0.09	0.63	<0.01	0.29	0.02	12.65	102.02
CH80	1 932	89.95	0.10	3.09	1.31	0.03	0.13	0.30	<0.01	0.27	0.03	4.44	99.65
CH85	2 057	93.03	0.09	1.09	1.42	<0.01	0.03	0.40	<0.01	0.12	0.03	4.00	100.21
CH90	2 185	92.85	0.12	2.29	0.45	<0.01	0.11	0.38	<0.01	0.28	0.02	3.82	100.32
CH95	2 306	90.00	0.20	3.83	1.14	0.01	0.19	0.24	<0.01	0.46	0.03	3.95	100.05

样品编号	深度/cm	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
CH05	118	57.57	0.63	13.43	4.52	0.01	1.27	2.80	0.10	2.99	2.45	14.66	100.43
CH10	243	56.38	0.38	9.04	3.91	<0.01	0.74	2.18	<0.01	1.84	0.98	25.04	100.49
CH15	361	45.27	0.43	8.53	5.54	0.01	0.86	6.29	0.13	1.87	6.55	27.16	102.64
CH20	486	72.13	0.38	7.96	2.67	<0.01	0.65	1.23	<0.01	1.69	1.28	11.59	99.58
CH25	581	91.81	0.06	1.36	0.98	0.04	0.02	0.59	<0.01	0.18	0.13	5.21	100.38
CH30	700	93.72	0.05	1.17	0.54	<0.01	0.04	0.32	<0.01	0.11	0.04	3.76	99.75
CH35	818	93.91	0.08	2.15	1.07	0.02	0.07	0.19	<0.01	0.15	0.05	2.40	100.09
CH40	939	92.86	0.12	2.34	1.01	<0.01	0.13	0.25	<0.01	0.33	0.07	3.23	100.34
CH45	1 069	94.16	0.05	1.04	0.63	<0.01	0.05	0.30	<0.01	0.14	0.02	3.91	100.30
CH50	1 169	92.44	0.05	1.18	0.73	<0.01	0.05	0.25	<0.01	0.12	0.04	4.76	99.62
CH55	1 294	93.02	0.05	1.13	0.32	<0.01	0.05	0.21	<0.01	0.13	0.02	5.48	100.41
CH60	1 424	80.56	0.16	4.06	1.23	0.03	0.17	0.62	<0.01	0.43	0.05	13.19	100.50
CH65	1 549	78.47	0.22	5.45	1.08	<0.01	0.26	0.56	<0.01	0.64	0.03	15.17	101.88
CH70	1 674	80.10	0.19	3.56	1.42	<0.01	0.14	0.11	<0.01	0.50	0.03	16.44	102.49
CH75	1 807	85.89	0.14	1.96	0.35	<0.01	0.09	0.63	<0.01	0.29	0.02	12.65	102.02
CH80	1 932	89.95	0.10	3.09	1.31	0.03	0.13	0.30	<0.01	0.27	0.03	4.44	99.65
CH85	2 057	93.03	0.09	1.09	1.42	<0.01	0.03	0.40	<0.01	0.12	0.03	4.00	100.21
CH90	2 185	92.85	0.12	2.29	0.45	<0.01	0.11	0.38	<0.01	0.28	0.02	3.82	100.32
CH95	2 306	90.00	0.20	3.83	1.14	0.01	0.19	0.24	<0.01	0.46	0.03	3.95	100.05

样品编号	深度/cm	V		Cr		Co		Ni		Cu		Zn		Sr		Zr		Nb		Hf		Pb		Th
CH05	118	265		421		10.40		132.0		55.3		105.0		173.0		117.0		16.20		3.43		17.20		9.17
CH10	243	1 142		962		7.25		193.0		124.0		124.0		136.0		111.0		10.70		2.62		16.50		6.32
CH15	361	353		1 282		3.01		203.0		56.5		51.2		341.0		80.4		10.70		2.34		13.90		6.15
CH20	486	548		674		0.75		125.0		46.4		72.1		948.0		123.0		16.40		2.70		13.70		7.62
CH25	581	257		298		1.61		63.7		31.3		23.2		52.8		27.3		2.47		0.52		2.46		0.79
CH30	700	263		121		0.69		42.1		21.5		16.2		39.8		9.5		0.91		0.35		2.25		0.57
CH35	818	296		136		2.28		59.2		25.4		49.4		35.7		19.6		2.07		0.60		4.48		1.36
CH40	939	324		394		0.43		38.5		15.9		11.6		87.1		22.6		2.50		0.70		3.79		1.49
CH45	1 069	253		245		0.84		41.9		20.4		7.1		81.6		14.1		0.94		0.39		2.88		0.91
CH50	1 169	385		216		1.23		44.7		80.7		10.1		81.5		14.9		1.12		0.43		2.06		0.73
CH55	1 294	218		213		0.76		36.9		25.1		6.5		54.3		12.2		0.90		0.38		2.08		0.63
CH60	1 424	574		855		1.45		98.9		56.5		25.1		84.1		39.1		4.02		1.11		5.97		2.33
CH65	1 549	1 224		802		1.52		155.0		151.0		36.9		85.4		80.4		5.16		2.32		13.50		4.09
CH70	1 674	778		769		0.65		51.4		93.8		16.7		89.7		76.0		3.68		2.38		5.16		3.07
CH75	1 807	623		402		0.57		124.0		18.0		22.4		76.2		62.9		3.28		1.85		8.26		2.10
CH80	1 932	481		413		1.45		64.0		43.1		35.8		123.0		62.5		2.88		1.97		4.61		1.85
CH85	2 057	476		75		1.03		75.4		26.2		44.6		78.3		70.5		2.32		2.08		12.90		1.82
CH90	2 185	599		267		0.59		50.2		36.1		29.8		78.6		40.1		2.73		1.24		6.81		2.14
CH95	2 306	588		169		11.30		38.5		58.6		26.8		81.1		87.6		6.00		2.66		9.91		2.98
样品编号	深度/cm		U		Ba		Be		Ga		Rb		Ta		Cs		V/(V+Ni)		V/Cr		V/Sc		Ni/Co
CH05	118		38.60		204.0		2.63		15.70		119.00		1.01		8.53		0.67		0.63		20.08		12.69
CH10	243		81.90		175.0		2.20		11.10		69.80		0.61		5.24		0.86		1.19		121.75		26.62
CH15	361		36.30		441.0		2.10		12.80		77.50		0.67		5.71		0.63		0.28		33.94		67.44
CH20	486		31.10		167.0		2.11		13.30		63.70		0.75		4.09		0.81		0.81		46.84		166.67
CH25	581		5.84		42.8		0.35		1.65		6.91		0.09		0.58		0.80		0.86		102.80		39.57
CH30	700		2.09		57.6		0.22		0.93		4.45		0.08		0.40		0.86		2.17		177.70		61.01
CH35	818		4.73		63.9		0.40		1.61		6.13		0.14		0.53		0.83		2.18		115.18		25.96
CH40	939		6.17		36.0		0.52		2.72		12.30		0.16		0.92		0.89		0.82		100.00		89.53
CH45	1 069		4.50		30.7		0.31		1.27		5.79		0.07		0.50		0.86		1.03		109.52		49.88
CH50	1 169		3.38		27.8		0.29		1.06		4.88		0.08		0.50		0.90		1.78		167.39		36.34
CH55	1 294		1.95		25.6		0.27		1.00		4.92		0.07		0.42		0.86		1.02		75.69		48.55
CH60	1 424		5.53		40.0		0.90		4.30		16.50		0.22		1.23		0.85		0.67		95.03		68.21
CH65	1 549		8.07		98.0		1.70		6.09		32.00		0.55		2.63		0.89		1.53		170.95		101.97
CH70	1 674		6.97		69.6		1.11		3.83		22.50		0.27		1.52		0.94		1.01		119.51		79.08
CH75	1 807		7.17		85.8		0.90		3.23		14.90		0.17		1.07		0.83		1.55		161.40		217.54
CH80	1 932		4.24		105.0		0.99		3.73		14.30		0.17		1.12		0.88		1.16		85.13		44.14
CH85	2 057		3.90		127.0		0.41		1.33		5.94		0.13		0.51		0.86		6.34		171.22		73.20
CH90	2 185		5.36		117.0		0.78		3.44		12.10		0.21		1.02		0.92		2.24		175.15		85.08
CH95	2 306		6.85		110.0		1.18		5.69		19.80		0.37		1.34		0.94		3.48		122.25		3.41

样品编号	深度/cm	V		Cr		Co		Ni		Cu		Zn		Sr		Zr		Nb		Hf		Pb		Th
CH05	118	265		421		10.40		132.0		55.3		105.0		173.0		117.0		16.20		3.43		17.20		9.17
CH10	243	1 142		962		7.25		193.0		124.0		124.0		136.0		111.0		10.70		2.62		16.50		6.32
CH15	361	353		1 282		3.01		203.0		56.5		51.2		341.0		80.4		10.70		2.34		13.90		6.15
CH20	486	548		674		0.75		125.0		46.4		72.1		948.0		123.0		16.40		2.70		13.70		7.62
CH25	581	257		298		1.61		63.7		31.3		23.2		52.8		27.3		2.47		0.52		2.46		0.79
CH30	700	263		121		0.69		42.1		21.5		16.2		39.8		9.5		0.91		0.35		2.25		0.57
CH35	818	296		136		2.28		59.2		25.4		49.4		35.7		19.6		2.07		0.60		4.48		1.36
CH40	939	324		394		0.43		38.5		15.9		11.6		87.1		22.6		2.50		0.70		3.79		1.49
CH45	1 069	253		245		0.84		41.9		20.4		7.1		81.6		14.1		0.94		0.39		2.88		0.91
CH50	1 169	385		216		1.23		44.7		80.7		10.1		81.5		14.9		1.12		0.43		2.06		0.73
CH55	1 294	218		213		0.76		36.9		25.1		6.5		54.3		12.2		0.90		0.38		2.08		0.63
CH60	1 424	574		855		1.45		98.9		56.5		25.1		84.1		39.1		4.02		1.11		5.97		2.33
CH65	1 549	1 224		802		1.52		155.0		151.0		36.9		85.4		80.4		5.16		2.32		13.50		4.09
CH70	1 674	778		769		0.65		51.4		93.8		16.7		89.7		76.0		3.68		2.38		5.16		3.07
CH75	1 807	623		402		0.57		124.0		18.0		22.4		76.2		62.9		3.28		1.85		8.26		2.10
CH80	1 932	481		413		1.45		64.0		43.1		35.8		123.0		62.5		2.88		1.97		4.61		1.85
CH85	2 057	476		75		1.03		75.4		26.2		44.6		78.3		70.5		2.32		2.08		12.90		1.82
CH90	2 185	599		267		0.59		50.2		36.1		29.8		78.6		40.1		2.73		1.24		6.81		2.14
CH95	2 306	588		169		11.30		38.5		58.6		26.8		81.1		87.6		6.00		2.66		9.91		2.98
样品编号	深度/cm		U		Ba		Be		Ga		Rb		Ta		Cs		V/(V+Ni)		V/Cr		V/Sc		Ni/Co
CH05	118		38.60		204.0		2.63		15.70		119.00		1.01		8.53		0.67		0.63		20.08		12.69
CH10	243		81.90		175.0		2.20		11.10		69.80		0.61		5.24		0.86		1.19		121.75		26.62
CH15	361		36.30		441.0		2.10		12.80		77.50		0.67		5.71		0.63		0.28		33.94		67.44
CH20	486		31.10		167.0		2.11		13.30		63.70		0.75		4.09		0.81		0.81		46.84		166.67
CH25	581		5.84		42.8		0.35		1.65		6.91		0.09		0.58		0.80		0.86		102.80		39.57
CH30	700		2.09		57.6		0.22		0.93		4.45		0.08		0.40		0.86		2.17		177.70		61.01
CH35	818		4.73		63.9		0.40		1.61		6.13		0.14		0.53		0.83		2.18		115.18		25.96
CH40	939		6.17		36.0		0.52		2.72		12.30		0.16		0.92		0.89		0.82		100.00		89.53
CH45	1 069		4.50		30.7		0.31		1.27		5.79		0.07		0.50		0.86		1.03		109.52		49.88
CH50	1 169		3.38		27.8		0.29		1.06		4.88		0.08		0.50		0.90		1.78		167.39		36.34
CH55	1 294		1.95		25.6		0.27		1.00		4.92		0.07		0.42		0.86		1.02		75.69		48.55
CH60	1 424		5.53		40.0		0.90		4.30		16.50		0.22		1.23		0.85		0.67		95.03		68.21
CH65	1 549		8.07		98.0		1.70		6.09		32.00		0.55		2.63		0.89		1.53		170.95		101.97
CH70	1 674		6.97		69.6		1.11		3.83		22.50		0.27		1.52		0.94		1.01		119.51		79.08
CH75	1 807		7.17		85.8		0.90		3.23		14.90		0.17		1.07		0.83		1.55		161.40		217.54
CH80	1 932		4.24		105.0		0.99		3.73		14.30		0.17		1.12		0.88		1.16		85.13		44.14
CH85	2 057		3.90		127.0		0.41		1.33		5.94		0.13		0.51		0.86		6.34		171.22		73.20
CH90	2 185		5.36		117.0		0.78		3.44		12.10		0.21		1.02		0.92		2.24		175.15		85.08
CH95	2 306		6.85		110.0		1.18		5.69		19.80		0.37		1.34		0.94		3.48		122.25		3.41