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    20 January 2004, Volume 18 Issue 1
    Engineering Geology and Environmental Geology
    TWO KlNDS OF COMPACTION FLUID SYSTEMS OF THE NANLING AREAMAND THEIR MINERALIZATIONS
    DENG Jun,CHEN Xue-min,RAO Yi-qun,SUN Zhong-shi,CHENG Xiao-jiu,SHEN Chong-hui
    2004, 18(1):  1-7. 
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    Basin’s tectonic evolution-fluid system-mineraIizatbn is a new frontier of ore deposits. The characteristlc of basin’s evolution affects the structure of the sedimentary formation directly. Structures of the formations and the character of geochemistry played a crucial role in the forming of thermal field of compaction fluid system, dynamic field and geochemical field and mineralization. Yuebei Late Paleozoic sedimentary basin was mainly made up of coarse clastics with high permeabmty, and the thicknesses of carbonate and the sedlmentary formation were thin. Numerical simulation demonstrated that basin’s
    compaction fluid system cann’t form upper terrestrial heat store and upper fluid potentials,the ore-bearing fluid can onIy be stored in special parts of the sedimentrary layers to form Hongyan low temperature pyrite deposit.Bainiuchang Early Paleozoic sedimentary basin is a typical rift. The fluid from several thousands of meters of black shale and its upper carbonate and sandstone formations constituted compaction fluid system which concentrated the metalIogenic elements and formed the Bainiuchang super-large silver-polymetallic deposit.

    DISCUSSlON ON THE DYNAMIC CONDITlONS OF FORMATION OF JIAOLAI BASIN AND ITS RELATION TO GOLD MINERALIZATION
    XU Gui-zhong,CAI Yan-jie,ZHOU Rui,SHE Hong-quan,WANG Yi-fen,SONG Ming-chun
    2004, 18(1):  8-16. 
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    JiaoIai basin is located between Jiaolai uplifted area and Jiaonan orogenic belt in the Jiaodong area.Based on the geotectonic Iocation,Jiaolai basin is situated in the collision juction of the North China Plate and the Yangtze Plate. All the margins of Jiaolai basin are bounded and controlled by the deep-seated fault zones,therefore it belongs to a fault  depression basin. Jiaolai basin had undergone several tectonic evoIutionary stages of the initial extension,the intensive extension,the stable extension,as well as the decline and disappear from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous periods. We have proposed that the fomation and development of Jiaolai basin are closely related to the dynamic background of the subduction of Kula—Pacific
    Plate beneath the Euro—Asia Plate and the intensive activities of Tan—Lu fault zone during Mesozoic era.It shouId be pointed out that Jiaolai basin made some contribution to the spatial-temporal evolution of metalotectonics, the drived migration of raised ore solution, the metallogenic thermodynanics, the metallogenic fluid and the metal source in the process of large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong area.

    GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPLORATION CRITERIONS OF VOLCANOGENIC GOLD DEPOSIT
    LOU Ya-er.DAI Zi-xi
    2004, 18(1):  17-23. 
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    Volcanogenic gold deposit is an important type of gold deposits. The geological characteristics of volcanogenic gold deposits are summarized by analysing some typically large gold deposits: the tectonic settings are active continental margin and island arc; the mineralization period are mostly Mesozoic-Cenozolc;the host rocks are mainly calc-alkali extrusive rock and hypabyssal intrusive;the host structures are volcanic center,caldera,neck,breccia pipe,zone of fractures, etc.;gold and silver minerals occur in same deposit,and some gold deposits contain telluride;the depth of mineralization is shallow;the wall-rock alterations are sericitization,silication,carbonation,argillation,pyritization and potash-alteration;the zones
    of primary halo are Hg-Sb-As-Ag-Au(Mo,Pb,W);the deposit is related to geotherm and thermal spring.The authors put forward exploration criterions of volcanogenic gold deposit, and suggest that the volcano-fault basin with Pre-Cambrian source bed and mantle-derived igneous rock province above deep-fracture zones in east of China,especially in western China,Zhunger,Tianshan,Songpan-Ganzi and the east margin of—"Three Rivers”tectono-metallogenic belt are the most potential gold exploration regions.

    THE CONSANGUINITY OF ORE DEPOSITS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CHINA PLATE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO PROSPECTING
    DUAN Huan-chun,HAO Guo-qlang,ZHOU Lin,XU Hong-bo
    2004, 18(1):  24-31. 
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    The two areas of Shaanxi Province’Zhongtiao Mountain and Henan Province' Xiaoqinling lie on the southwest margin of North China Plate,they once upon a time were the main componentparts of Yu(Henan Province)-Jin(Shanxi Province)-Shan(shaanxiProvince)three-direction split—trap trough in Iater Archaeozoic to Proterozoic Era. They both had deveIoped a serial double-mode rock-constructure in the condition of mainland rift valIey,being consisted from tholeiitic basalts,alkalescence basalts and part of calcium-alkalinity volcanic rocks which constructed the primary earth’s crust and the intial stage mine-source straturms of the two areas. Lanthanon has the same enrichment and deficit  mode with constant element and trace element in a collection of illustrative pIates.This shows that the sources of alI mineralizational matetial were isogenic,and the mineralization had been evolved in heritantly.The two areas are approximate fabulosityIy in controlling-mineral straturms and lithologies,isotopic geochemistry,compositions of mineralizational liquor,and mineralizational physical-chemical conditions.At the same time,the mineralization has polyside,polygenetic,polyperiod, and polystage character which is similar to stratabound deposit’s. All these above prove that there is affinity between the mine-source straturm and deposit in Xiaoqinling area and Zhongtiao Mountain.So it can be concluded that we should pay attention to looking for gold in rich-copper Zhongtiao Mountain,and looking for copper in rich-copper Xiaoqinling area.By studying the affinity of those deposits in the southwest margin of North-China plate,it will promote new-stage deposit exploration in China

    ORE-BEARING FORMATION AND ITS GENESlS ANALYSIS OF THE HUOGEQl POLYMETAL DEPOSIT IN INNER MONGOLIA
    FEI Hong-cai,DONG Pu,AN Guo-ying,XIAO Rong-ge
    2004, 18(1):  32-40. 
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    The Huogeqi deposit is a famous large-scale polymetaI Cu deposit in the Langshan area,Inner Mongolia. The sequence of ore-bering formation is spilite group occurring in Middle Proterozoic terrigenous rift,mineralized hydrothermal sedimentary rock and terrigenous clastic rock formation. A large part of the spIlite has metamophized into chlorite schist.The original rocks are submarine erupion intruslon rocks such as basic volcanic rock and gabbro and so on,with Na2O content higher than K2O,total content of REE is low in blasto gabbro but high in biotite schist,and its distribution

    plotsb show enrichment of light REE and depIetion of heavy REE.The elements such as B,F,K,Ti,Zn,Rb,Sr,Nb,Ag,Ba,Pb,U,Th are relatively enriched in biotite schist,the enrichment parameters of Cu,Pb and Zn are higher than those in blasto-gabbro,which suggests that the chIlote schist is of the characteristics of hydrothemeral aIteration.Total content of REE in the banded quartzite and diopside-tremolite of the ore-bearing segment is clearly low and there is a distinct differentiation between heavy REE and light REE,and shows the featured positive Eu anomaIy. Besides the mineralized enrichment,the trace elements such as Be,B,F,Rb,Ag,Ba,Th,U also show distinct enrichment,suggesting its hydrothermal enrichment genesis.The features of the mineralization of the deposit which is controlled by the lithologic layers and enriched in partial structure are quite apparent,which show the features of hydrothermal stacking modification.Sulfur isotope with a wide range of variation shows positive values but suIfur isotope in vein ore is a little low with the values of 4.07‰ to 16.66‰,and the vaIues of δ34S in stratiform ore are from10.6‰ to 24‰.The sequence of δ34S of suIfate is graduaIly down from pyrite,pyrrhotite to chaIcopyrite,galena and sphaIerite.The deposit genesis analysis suggests that the Huogeqi polymetal deposit belongs to hydrothermal modification deposits of hydrothermal sedimentary deposits stacked with hydrothermal alteration.