Genesis of Eocene Porphyry in Masjed Daghi, Iran: Evidence from Spectrographic, U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.105

Abstract

Abstract:

The Ahar-Julfa/Arasbaran metallogenic belt is located in the Urmieh-Dokhtar magmatic Arc of the central part of the Tethyan metallogenic belt. The Masjed Daghi porphyry deposit in Iran is located in the northwestern part of the Ahar-Julfa metallogenic belt, in which the porphyry deposits have not been sufficiently studied. This paper is based on the Eocene porphyry from the Masjed Daghi porphyry deposit, with the aim to deepen the understanding on the metallogenic background and magmatic environment of the Ahar-Julfa metallogenic belt. We used infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, electron probe microscopic analyzer (EPMA), whole-rock major- and trace-element analyses, and zircon trace element and U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotope analyses to clarify the formation setting, oxygen fugacity, water content and other characteristics of the ore-forming magma. Zircon U-Pb dating of the porphyry yielded Eocene (54.1±1.5 Ma) age and positive ε_Hf(t) ratios (+4.5 to +13.5), with T_DM ages of 260 to 841 Ma. The rocks have high K₂O (4.9%) and Sr (120×10^-6-122×10^-6) but low Y (5×10^-6) contents. In addition, the porphyries have high zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ ratios (152-543), and their plagioclase has high Al content. Such evidence indicates that the Eocene Masjed Daghi porphyries have water-rich and high-O fugacity features, and were generated from mafic magma upwelling during subduction.

Key words: Masjed Daghi, porphyry deposit, feldspar, zircon, EPMA, U-Pb dating

CLC Number:

P59
P581

KOU Guanyu, ZHOU Ye, ZHENG Yuanchuan, YU Jiaxing. Genesis of Eocene Porphyry in Masjed Daghi, Iran: Evidence from Spectrographic, U-Pb Dating and Geochemical Characteristics[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(02): 535-551.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Schematic geologic map of Iran(modified after Richrda et al.[14])

Fig.2 Geologic map of Masjed Daghi deposit(modified after Akbarpour et al.[37])

Table 1 Characteristics of major Iranian porphyry deposits and their ages

矿区	成矿带	吨位 /Mt	品味	围岩	含矿斑岩	成矿类型	矿产	年龄/Ma	参考文献
马斯杰德达吉 (Masjed Daghi)	阿哈尔— 乔勒法 (Ahar-Jolfa) 斑岩成矿带	340	0.27%Cu, 0.006%Mo, 0.32×10^-6Au (20 Mt金矿体)	始新世安山岩、火山碎屑岩	二长闪长岩	脉状,散布状	Cu+Mo+ Au	20.46± 3.55	^[26]
松贡 (Sungun)	阿哈尔— 乔勒法斑岩成矿带	850	0.62% Cu, 0.01% Mo	白垩纪沉积物、始新世火山岩	二长岩-石英二长岩, 花岗闪长岩	脉状,散布状, 矽卡岩	Cu+Mo	21	^[27]
萨尔切什梅 (Sar Cheshmeh)	克尔曼 (Kerman) 斑岩成矿带	1 200	0.6% Cu, 0.02% Mo	始新世安山岩、玄武岩、火山碎屑岩	花岗闪长岩	脉状,散布状	Cu+Mo	7~13	^[28-29]
梅杜克 (Meiduk)	克尔曼斑岩成矿带	500	0.8% Cu, 0.007% Mo	始新世安山岩、玄武岩、火山碎屑岩	花岗闪长岩	脉状,散布状	Cu+Mo	9~12	^[28, 30-31]

Fig.3 Petrographic characteristics of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample(hand specimen and thin-section micrographs)

Fig.4 Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

Fig.5 Infrared spectra of minerals from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

Fig.6 Raman spectra of minerals from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	含量/10^-6			同位素比值			年龄/Ma
编号	Th	U	Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U (1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U (1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U (1σ)
1	75.40	153.40	1.91	0.194 8(0.030 5)	0.207 8(0.029 0)	0.008 7(0.000 5)	2 783.65(259.26)	191.70(24.37)	56.16(3.37)
2	68.81	171.28	1.98	0.187 4(0.049 7)	0.184 5(0.039 0)	0.008 1(0.000 3)	2 720.38(451.70)	171.89(33.43)	52.30(1.92)
3	69.74	135.25	1.76	0.293 1(0.064 7)	0.327 9(0.071 2)	0.008 6(0.000 4)	3 434.27(349.00)	287.94(54.50)	55.33(2.25)
4	76.72	249.94	3.35	0.235 8(0.071 6)	0.344 1(0.124 7)	0.009 8(0.001 0)	3 091.67(504.76)	300.31(94.44)	63.14(6.53)
5	146.88	348.51	3.77	0.069 5(0.005 5)	0.079 8(0.006 4)	0.008 7(0.000 3)	922.22(195.37)	78.00(6.01)	55.90(1.78)
6	94.40	172.80	2.76	0.240 8(0.036 7)	0.292 2(0.034 0)	0.010 0(0.000 7)	3 125.01(245.07)	260.33(26.74)	63.85(4.29)
7	140.27	215.30	2.34	0.179 8(0.048 1)	0.196 7(0.066 2)	0.007 8(0.000 3)	2 650.31(458.34)	182.37(56.21)	50.23(2.09)
8	96.24	170.61	1.83	0.010 8(0.015 2)	0.012 2(0.015 9)	0.008 4(0.000 3)	-	12.33(15.91)	53.91(1.93)
9	293.68	538.35	5.80	0.059 9(0.010 4)	0.068 9(0.011 9)	0.008 2(0.000 3)	611.13(381.44)	67.69(11.33)	52.87(2.08)
10	121.63	318.14	5.06	0.206 5(0.071 8)	0.250 4(0.077 3)	0.009 4(0.000 4)	2 878.7(596.43)	226.92(62.83)	60.06(2.43)
11	146.05	368.76	3.64	0.148 1(0.060 6)	0.140 4(0.049 9)	0.007 9(0.000 2)	2 324.39(761.88)	133.44(44.44)	50.92(1.55)
12	119.76	263.15	2.83	0.080 8(0.006 3)	0.097 0(0.009 0)	0.008 4(0.000 3)	1 216.67(155.09)	93.96(8.37)	54.09(2.05)
13	79.83	163.51	1.70	0.246 7(0.041 0)	0.242 9(0.035 5)	0.008 3(0.000 3)	3 164.82(266.67)	220.76(28.99)	53.01(2.12)
14	113.20	331.29	3.34	0.095 5(0.012 7)	0.103 4(0.011 1)	0.008 8(0.000 5)	1 536.73(251.85)	99.89(10.23)	56.37(3.35)
15	133.43	282.62	3.01	0.100 5(0.016 6)	0.106 5(0.015 0)	0.008 5(0.000 4)	1 633.02(311.11)	102.80(13.81)	54.35(2.27)

Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	含量/10^-6			同位素比值			年龄/Ma
编号	Th	U	Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U (1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb (1σ)	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U (1σ)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U (1σ)
1	75.40	153.40	1.91	0.194 8(0.030 5)	0.207 8(0.029 0)	0.008 7(0.000 5)	2 783.65(259.26)	191.70(24.37)	56.16(3.37)
2	68.81	171.28	1.98	0.187 4(0.049 7)	0.184 5(0.039 0)	0.008 1(0.000 3)	2 720.38(451.70)	171.89(33.43)	52.30(1.92)
3	69.74	135.25	1.76	0.293 1(0.064 7)	0.327 9(0.071 2)	0.008 6(0.000 4)	3 434.27(349.00)	287.94(54.50)	55.33(2.25)
4	76.72	249.94	3.35	0.235 8(0.071 6)	0.344 1(0.124 7)	0.009 8(0.001 0)	3 091.67(504.76)	300.31(94.44)	63.14(6.53)
5	146.88	348.51	3.77	0.069 5(0.005 5)	0.079 8(0.006 4)	0.008 7(0.000 3)	922.22(195.37)	78.00(6.01)	55.90(1.78)
6	94.40	172.80	2.76	0.240 8(0.036 7)	0.292 2(0.034 0)	0.010 0(0.000 7)	3 125.01(245.07)	260.33(26.74)	63.85(4.29)
7	140.27	215.30	2.34	0.179 8(0.048 1)	0.196 7(0.066 2)	0.007 8(0.000 3)	2 650.31(458.34)	182.37(56.21)	50.23(2.09)
8	96.24	170.61	1.83	0.010 8(0.015 2)	0.012 2(0.015 9)	0.008 4(0.000 3)	-	12.33(15.91)	53.91(1.93)
9	293.68	538.35	5.80	0.059 9(0.010 4)	0.068 9(0.011 9)	0.008 2(0.000 3)	611.13(381.44)	67.69(11.33)	52.87(2.08)
10	121.63	318.14	5.06	0.206 5(0.071 8)	0.250 4(0.077 3)	0.009 4(0.000 4)	2 878.7(596.43)	226.92(62.83)	60.06(2.43)
11	146.05	368.76	3.64	0.148 1(0.060 6)	0.140 4(0.049 9)	0.007 9(0.000 2)	2 324.39(761.88)	133.44(44.44)	50.92(1.55)
12	119.76	263.15	2.83	0.080 8(0.006 3)	0.097 0(0.009 0)	0.008 4(0.000 3)	1 216.67(155.09)	93.96(8.37)	54.09(2.05)
13	79.83	163.51	1.70	0.246 7(0.041 0)	0.242 9(0.035 5)	0.008 3(0.000 3)	3 164.82(266.67)	220.76(28.99)	53.01(2.12)
14	113.20	331.29	3.34	0.095 5(0.012 7)	0.103 4(0.011 1)	0.008 8(0.000 5)	1 536.73(251.85)	99.89(10.23)	56.37(3.35)
15	133.43	282.62	3.01	0.100 5(0.016 6)	0.106 5(0.015 0)	0.008 5(0.000 4)	1 633.02(311.11)	102.80(13.81)	54.35(2.27)

Fig.7 Zircon U-Pb concordia plot (a) and weighted-mean age plot(b) of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

Table 3 Representative EPMA major element compositions (%) of feldspars from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

点号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	F	Cl	Cr₂O₃	P₂O₅	Al/(Ca+ Na+K)	K₂O+ Na₂O+CaO	An	Ab	Or
pl-1	60.13	0.020	24.47	0.168	0.019	-	5.926	8.322	0.264	0.092	-	-	0.007	1.26	14.512	27.82	70.70	1.47
pl-2	59.39	-	25.75	0.203	0.027	0.008	7.112	7.598	0.189	0.050	-	-	0.011	1.34	14.899	33.72	65.20	1.06
pl-3	59.86	0.025	24.82	0.336	0.034	-	6.706	7.961	0.253	-	-	0.005	0.022	1.27	14.920	31.31	67.27	1.40
pl-4	60.12	0.048	24.82	0.149	0.034	-	6.491	8.185	0.277	0.078	0.001	-	0.019	1.26	14.953	30.00	68.46	1.52
pl-5	60.03	-	24.49	0.133	-	0.024	6.349	7.803	0.270	-	0.006	-	-	1.29	14.422	30.53	67.91	1.54
pl2-1	58.20	-	25.78	0.140	-	-	7.565	7.453	0.186	-	0.002	-	0.011	1.33	15.204	35.56	63.39	1.04
pl2-2	58.65	0.048	25.21	0.155	0.050	-	7.047	7.563	0.224	0.050	0.003	-	0.022	1.32	14.834	33.55	65.17	1.26
pl2-3	57.07	0.002	26.57	0.102	0.053	0.006	8.688	6.746	0.186	-	-	-	-	1.38	15.620	41.14	57.80	1.04
pl2-4	58.74	0.041	25.95	0.193	-	0.006	7.778	7.369	0.172	0.100	-	0.037	-	1.33	15.319	36.48	62.55	0.96
pl2-5	63.46	-	22.51	0.073	-	-	3.711	9.676	0.335	-	-	-	0.019	1.14	13.722	17.16	80.99	1.84
pl3-1	56.98	-	26.76	0.235	0.011	-	8.552	6.855	0.178	-	0.006	-	-	1.39	15.585	40.39	58.59	1.00
pl3-2	55.45	0.016	25.47	0.082	0.034	0.041	7.649	7.179	0.184	0.036	0.011	-	0.019	1.34	15.012	36.66	62.28	1.05
pl3-3	55.74	0.005	26.26	0.133	0.023	0.243	7.638	6.516	0.729	-	0.007	-	0.015	1.42	14.883	37.63	58.09	4.27
pl3-4	57.19	0.014	25.88	0.101	0.019	0.103	7.080	6.841	0.482	-	0.008	-	-	1.42	14.403	35.34	61.79	2.86
pl3-5	64.91	-	22.01	0.086	0.030	0.061	1.655	9.476	1.787	0.035	-	0.057	-	1.15	12.918	7.90	81.92	10.16

Fig.8 Classification of feldspars from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)(modified after Deer et al.[43])

Fig.9 SiO2 vs.(CaO+Na2O+K2O) (a), and An vs. Al / (Ca+Na+K) (b) diagrams of feldspars from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483) (modified after Zarasvandi et al.[44])

Table 4 Representative EPMA major element compositions (%) of quartz from the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	SiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O	Cr₂O₃	Al₂O₃	MgO	CaO	MnO	P₂O₅	FeO	TiO₂	NiO	总量
1	98.284	0.014	0.014	-	-	0.002	0.008	0.036	-	0.004	0.009	0.027	98.398
2	99.230	0.026	0.004	0.018	0.021	-	0.008	-	-	-	-	0.035	99.342
3	98.447	0.029	0.018	0.023	0.009	-	0.010	-	-	0.046	-	-	98.582
4	98.328	0.066	0.016	0.551	0.036	0.018	0.025	0.031	-	-	-	-	99.071
5	99.503	0.021	0.009	-	0.030	-	0.023	-	-	-	0.005	0.069	99.660
6	99.292	0.008	-	0.005	0.02	-	0.013	-	0.019	-	0.007	-	99.364
7	98.809	-	-	0.005	0.021	-	-	-	0.010	0.031	0.020	0.017	98.913
8	99.059	0.015	0.007	-	0.054	0.011	-	-	-	-	0.060	0.007	99.213
9	98.805	0.005	-	-	-	-	0.017	0.014	0.001	0.023	0.017	0.017	98.899
10	98.965	0.003	-	0.041	0.071	-	0.010	-	0.033	-	0.061	-	99.184

Table 5 Representative zircon major (%) and trace element (10-6) compositions of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	ZrO₂	Ce	Lu	Hf	Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺
1	94.81	8.11	46.06	9 356.71	217.45
2	91.12	7.79	39.15	8 914.20	197.24
3	91.85	8.05	43.98	8 085.89	152.12
4	89.97	15.67	57.84	9 701.81	543.19
5	91.74	16.01	36.09	9 968.56	433.31
6	93.38	10.37	47.34	9 335.95	471.77
7	90.77	11.96	41.65	8 920.27	247.08
8	90.30	14.09	33.20	8 615.26	496.12
9	94.94	31.78	103.09	10 190.34	252.40
10	91.64	14.42	60.42	9 956.50	205.69
11	90.89	15.00	49.37	9 846.30	481.46
12	91.52	12.52	44.18	10 053.70	324.96
13	89.70	10.29	37.67	9 252.59	259.83
14	88.98	13.53	71.74	9 965.00	469.19
15	94.64	15.40	58.59	9 799.83	204.75

Table 6 Whole-rock major (%) and trace element (10-6) compositions of the porphyry sample(MAD-13-483)

SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
63.44	0.37	14.39	1.73	0.02	2.18	3.43	3.81	4.85
P₂O₅	LOI	SUM	Na+K	Li	Be	Sc	V	Cr
0.07	4.49	98.78	8.66	11.09	0.85	7.95	84.74	15.88
Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr
4.91	9.97	1 957.96	61.28	14.64	111.64	702.24	5.81	106.83
Nb	Sn	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm
8.06	0.85	1.78	1 177.61	25.54	40.11	3.88	12.71	1.99
Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
0.66	1.37	0.18	1.05	0.19	0.59	0.09	0.58	0.09
Hf	Ta	Pb	Th	U	Sr/Y
2.67	0.46	32.99	9.78	1.83	120.78

Fig.10 TAS (a), SiO2 vs. K2O (b), and Y vs. Sr/Y(c)classification diagrams of the porphyry sample (MAO-13-483)((a)modified after Middle-most[46], (b) modified after Peccerillo and Taylor [47],(c) modified after Defant et al.[48])

Fig.11 Zircon U-Pb age vs. εHf(t) isotope data of the Masjed Daghi porphyry(MAD-13-483)(a) and εHf(t) histogram (b)

Table 7 Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	年龄/Ma	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf(2σ)	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf(2σ)	ε_Hf(t)	T_DM/Ma	$T D M 2$ /Ma
1	56.16	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 82(0.000 02)	9.95	327.79	492.38
2	52.30	0.283 05(0.000 04)	0.000 86(0.000 01)	10.90	286.45	427.92
3	55.33	0.283 03(0.000 03)	0.000 67(0.000 04)	10.39	308.30	463.22
4	63.14	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.001 15(0.000 02)	10.16	327.80	484.47
5	55.90	0.282 99(0.000 02)	0.000 98(0.000 01)	8.87	372.20	561.78
6	63.85	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 86(0.000 01)	10.31	320.33	475.28
7	50.23	0.283 07(0.000 02)	0.000 76(0.000 01)	11.72	251.33	373.71
8	53.91	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 79(0.000 03)	9.80	331.75	500.52
9	52.87	0.282 87(0.000 07)	0.001 53(0.000 02)	4.47	553.33	841.47
10	60.06	0.282 98(0.000 07)	0.000 84(0.000 01)	8.52	388.31	586.92
11	50.92	0.283 12(0.000 02)	0.000 94(0.000 01)	13.50	181.36	259.74
12	54.09	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.001 06(0.000 02)	10.44	308.08	459.43
13	53.01	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.000 94(0.000 01)	10.42	307.13	459.82
14	56.37	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.000 90(0.000 01)	10.41	310.16	463.05
15	54.35	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.000 83(0.000 01)	10.61	299.63	448.19
16	54.00	0.283 05(0.000 03)	0.000 62(0.000 04)	11.13	277.45	414.72
17	54.00	0.282 99(0.000 03)	0.000 90(0.000 03)	8.70	376.72	571.12
18	54.00	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.001 23(0.000 02)	10.49	307.20	456.16
19	54.00	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.000 56(0.000 01)	10.53	300.85	453.21
20	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 03)	0.000 65(0.000 01)	11.29	271.31	404.56
21	54.00	0.283 07(0.000 03)	0.000 84(0.000 01)	11.56	261.58	387.17
22	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 02)	0.000 91(0.000 02)	11.43	266.99	395.22
23	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 02)	0.000 98(0.000 01)	11.29	272.91	404.11
24	54.00	0.283 01(0.000 02)	0.001 38(0.000 01)	9.69	340.61	507.45
25	54.00	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.001 07(0.000 01)	10.21	317.06	473.68

Table 7 Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data of the Masjed Daghi porphyry sample (MAD-13-483)

编号	年龄/Ma	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf(2σ)	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf(2σ)	ε_Hf(t)	T_DM/Ma	$T D M 2$ /Ma
1	56.16	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 82(0.000 02)	9.95	327.79	492.38
2	52.30	0.283 05(0.000 04)	0.000 86(0.000 01)	10.90	286.45	427.92
3	55.33	0.283 03(0.000 03)	0.000 67(0.000 04)	10.39	308.30	463.22
4	63.14	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.001 15(0.000 02)	10.16	327.80	484.47
5	55.90	0.282 99(0.000 02)	0.000 98(0.000 01)	8.87	372.20	561.78
6	63.85	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 86(0.000 01)	10.31	320.33	475.28
7	50.23	0.283 07(0.000 02)	0.000 76(0.000 01)	11.72	251.33	373.71
8	53.91	0.283 02(0.000 02)	0.000 79(0.000 03)	9.80	331.75	500.52
9	52.87	0.282 87(0.000 07)	0.001 53(0.000 02)	4.47	553.33	841.47
10	60.06	0.282 98(0.000 07)	0.000 84(0.000 01)	8.52	388.31	586.92
11	50.92	0.283 12(0.000 02)	0.000 94(0.000 01)	13.50	181.36	259.74
12	54.09	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.001 06(0.000 02)	10.44	308.08	459.43
13	53.01	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.000 94(0.000 01)	10.42	307.13	459.82
14	56.37	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.000 90(0.000 01)	10.41	310.16	463.05
15	54.35	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.000 83(0.000 01)	10.61	299.63	448.19
16	54.00	0.283 05(0.000 03)	0.000 62(0.000 04)	11.13	277.45	414.72
17	54.00	0.282 99(0.000 03)	0.000 90(0.000 03)	8.70	376.72	571.12
18	54.00	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.001 23(0.000 02)	10.49	307.20	456.16
19	54.00	0.283 04(0.000 03)	0.000 56(0.000 01)	10.53	300.85	453.21
20	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 03)	0.000 65(0.000 01)	11.29	271.31	404.56
21	54.00	0.283 07(0.000 03)	0.000 84(0.000 01)	11.56	261.58	387.17
22	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 02)	0.000 91(0.000 02)	11.43	266.99	395.22
23	54.00	0.283 06(0.000 02)	0.000 98(0.000 01)	11.29	272.91	404.11
24	54.00	0.283 01(0.000 02)	0.001 38(0.000 01)	9.69	340.61	507.45
25	54.00	0.283 03(0.000 02)	0.001 07(0.000 01)	10.21	317.06	473.68

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