Research on Interconnection Between Three Thermoelectric Effects and Progress in Their Applications

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.115

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years, as pollution from fossil fuels has worsened, sustainable development has gained prominence, and Chinese “Double Carbon” policy has been implemented.The use of thermoelectric technologies has increased in areas such as geothermal exploration and development, sensor batteries, and thermoelectric power generation.The thermoelectric effects mainly include the Seebeck effect, the Peltier effect, and the Thomson effect.There is abundant literature describing the basic principles of the three thermoelectric effects.However, there is a scarcity of reports that simultaneously address their principles, interrelations, and application scenarios.In this study, the basic principles and interrelations of the three thermoelectric effects are elucidated.We outline the strengths, weakness, and diverse application scenarios of these technologies based on three thermoelectric effects.Furthermore, we discussed the progress of thermoelectric technology applications in various fields, particularly in clean energy, such as geothermal energy exploration and utilization.

Key words: Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, Thomson effect, thermoelectric effect

CLC Number:

P314.2

WANG Lei, LI Kewen, ZHU Yuhao, HE Jifu, CHEN Jinlong, YANG Luyu, YANG Guodong. Research on Interconnection Between Three Thermoelectric Effects and Progress in Their Applications[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(06): 1594-1606.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the Seebeck effect

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of PN semiconductor thermoelectric power generation

Fig.3 Research progress of the superior value of semiconductor materials[17]

Fig.4 Schematic diagrams of the Peltier effect (cooling and heating)

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the Thomson effect

Table 1 Performance comparison of various space power supplies[26]

名称	寿命	功率范围(W)	成本	主要应用
化学电池	数天	<103	低	短期任务
燃料电池	1~3个月	可至1000	较高	短期任务
太阳能电池	1~5年	可至1000	较高	近地空间或阳光充足
温差发电器	10年	<500	高	近地空间或阳光充足

Fig.6 Basic components of the RT[27]

Fig.7 Curiosity rover’s self-portrait on Mars, featuring its MMRTG electrical power source[28]

Fig.8 TEG apparatus used for field tests in Bottle Rock[33]

Fig.9 TEG apparatus and the field test site at the Bottle Rock geothermal field[33]

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the underground power generation system[34]

Fig.11 Structural diagram of the solar-thermoelectric power generation system[37]

Fig.12 Structural diagram of the thermovolt power generation refrigerator[40]

Fig.13 Structure of the infrared detector[41]

Fig.14 Hubble Space Telescope with thermoelectric cooling technology for thermal protection panels

Fig.15 Graph depicting the relationship between power generation efficiency and hot end temperature for thermovoltaic materials with varying ZT values (cold end temperature fixed at 300 K)[50]

Fig.16 Efficiency of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) at different flow rates[33]

Fig.17 Variation in thermal power generation cost with temperature difference[30,33]

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