Characteristics of the Hydrocarbon Accumulation Formed Through the Three Structural Cycles in Tarim Basin

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.078

Abstract

Abstract:

The Tarim Basin was formed through three major extensional-compressional tectonic cycles: Nanhua-Middle Devonian, Late Devonian-Triassic, and Jurassic-Quaternary. This multi-cycle tectonic evolution led to the complexity of the oil and gas accumulation and distribution. In recent years, the ultra-deep layer of the basin has become the key exploration area of oilfield. It is necessary to investigate the hydrocarbon accumulation law of the basin. According to the latest seismic data, drilling data, and oil and gas geological data, we find that the main source rocks of oil and gas accumulation in Tarim Basin are Triassic-Jurassic in the Kuqa area, and the Carboniferous-Permian continental source rocks in southwestern Tarim Basin, the Cambrian marine source rocks in the platform basin area. The development of the source rocks and reservoir-seal assemblages in the basin is controlled by the three major extensional-compressional tectonic cycles of the basin. The development position of the source rocks determines the development of the four petroleum systems in Tarim Basin, including the Kuqa piedmont, northern depression, Maigaiti slope, and southwestern Tarim piedmont. The basin has undergone the three major extensional-compressional cycles, and the hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages in the platform basin area, Kuqa foreland and southwestern Tarim foreland are distinct. The Carboniferous gypsum mudstone and Silurian-Carboniferous marine sandstone, Ordovician mudstone, and limestone, Middle Cambrian gypsum salt rock, and Sinian-Cambrian dolomite reservoir-cap assemblages occur in the basin. The Neogene-Quaternary mudstone and sandstone, Paleogene gypsum salt layer, Cretaceous sandstone reservoir, Jurassic mudstone, and Triassic-Jurassic sandstone reservoir-cap assemblage occur in the Kuqa area. The Miocene mudstone-sandstone, Paleogene gypsum-salt layer, and Cretaceous sandstone, Carboniferous-Permian mudstone and carbonate reservoir-cap assemblages are developed in the southwestern Tarim Basin, which constitute the upper, middle, and lower assemblages of the platform basin, Kuqa and southwestern Tarim Basin, respectively. The hydrocarbon expulsion of the source rocks in the basin occurred in late Caledonian, late Hercynian-Indosinian and Himalayan, forming three stages of oil and gas filling. Combined with the development characteristics of lithology, fracture, unconformity, and uplift in the key transformation period of Tarim Basin, the three-stage accumulation model of the basin is proposed.

Key words: Tarim Basin, tectonic cycle, petroleum system, reservoir-cap assemblage, accumulation model

CLC Number:

P618.13
P62

YANG Xianzhang, NENG Yuan, XU Zhenping, LI Kuayue, HUANG Shaoying, DUAN Yunjiang. Characteristics of the Hydrocarbon Accumulation Formed Through the Three Structural Cycles in Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(02): 287-299.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Geologic map of the structural units in Tarim Basin

Fig.2 Structural cycle division in Tarim Basin[11]

Fig.3 Distribution map of the source rocks in Tarim Basin[13]

Fig.4 Sedimentary facies of Kangkelin Formation ( C2-P1 ) in Tarim Basin

Fig.5 Thickness of the source rocks of Yuertusi Formation in Tarim Basin

Fig.6 Reservoir profile of the basin area ( A-A' profile locations on Fig.1)

Fig.7 East-west partition characteristic map of the Middle Cambrian gypsum salt in the basin area

Fig.8 Geological structure and hydrocarbon reservoir model of the Kuqa foreland basin (B-B' profile locations on Fig.1)

Fig.9 Seismic interpretation profile of the southwestern piedmont of Tarim Basin (profile locations on Fig.1)

Fig.10 Seismic interpretation profile of the Tazhong-Madong area (F-F' profile locations on Fig.1)

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the three-stage accumulation model in the basin area

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