Genesis and Tectonics of the Sipingshan Gold Deposit in Nadanhada Terrane, Sikhote-Alin Orogen: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Chronology, Petrological and Fluid Geochemistry

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2023.082

Abstract

Abstract:

The Sipingshan gold deposit is located in the east Nadanhada terrane, which is the largest gold deposit in the terrane with a proven gold resource of 5.8 t in Hulin City, Heilongjiang Province.The ore body occurs in the cherts and silicified breccias in Sipingshan Formation, and the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation.In this study, we aim to understand the metallogenic process and diagenetic and metallogenic geodynamics, and further determine the diagenetic and metallogenic ages.We conducted detailed field survey on the Sipingshan gold deposit and sampled the cherts and silicified breccias in Sipingshan Formation and rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation.Further, we carried out the zircon U-Pb dating using LA-ICP-MS technique and whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry on the ore-bearing surrounding rocks, and additionally we performed the thermodynamic analysis on the fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins.The results indicate that the diagenetic ages of the rhyolite samples SPS-H-002 and SPS-H-009 in Datashanlinchang Formation are (134±1) Ma and (123±1) Ma, respectively.The gold mineralization age is slightly later than the that of the rhyolites, belonging to the late Early Cretaceous.Cherts and silicified breccias have a high SiO₂ content, rich in Cu, Ni, and Ba elements but poor in Co element.Rare earth elements (REE) content is relatively lower in the rocks and the concentration difference between the light and heavy rare earth elements is not significant, with a europium positive anomaly possibly caused by hydrothermal sedimentation.Rhyolite belongs to a type of rock from subalkaline peraluminous calc-alkaline to high potassium calc-alkaline series, with high Si and Al contents but poor in Ti, Mn, P, and Zr contents.Those rocks are enriched in light REE but deficient in heavy REE, with an pronounced Eu negative anomaly but no Ce anomaly.They belong to highly differentiated S-type granite and may be the product of partial melting of young crustal material with depleted mantle accretion.The fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins range from 5 to 12 μm in size, and with elliptical and irregular shapes in group or isolated distribution.Fluid inclusion study results in a homogeneous temperature of 119-223 ℃, salinity of 0.40%-8.9%, density of 0.84-0.97 g/cm³, and capture pressure of 21.2-51.4 MPa.The δD value of the gold-bearing quartz ranges from -113.8‰ to -84.0‰ and the δ¹⁸$O_{H_{2}O}$ value ranges from -3.1‰ to 2.2‰. The stable isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluid has a magmatic origin and shows mixing characteristics of magmatic and meteoric water sources.Combined with the findings from the regional tectonic evolution, it can be concluded that the Sipingshan gold deposit was formed during the post collision and the gold mineralization is closely related to the subduction of the Pale-Pacific plate.

Key words: Nadanhada terrane, Sipingshan gold deposit, zircon geochronology, geochemistry, Pale-Pacific plate, metallogenic tectonics

CLC Number:

HE Yunlong, ZHANG Guobin, YANG Yanchen, FENG Yue, KONG Jingui, CHEN Xingkai. Genesis and Tectonics of the Sipingshan Gold Deposit in Nadanhada Terrane, Sikhote-Alin Orogen: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Chronology, Petrological and Fluid Geochemistry[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(01): 128-153.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 Division of tectonic units in Northeast China (a) (modified after reference [38]) and regional geological map of the Nadanhada terrane (b) (modified after reference [39])

Fig.2 Tectonic map (a), geological map (b) and exploration line profile (c) of the Sipingshan gold deposit (modified after reference [27])

Fig.3 Field and microscopic photos of the Sipingshan gold deposit

Fig.4 CL images of zircons from the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Table 1 The U-Pb isotope analysis data of zircons for the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

测点号	w_B(10^-6)		Th/U	同位素比值						U-Pb年龄(Ma)
测点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1 σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1 σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1 σ
SPS-H-002-01	529	1972	0.27	0.07107	0.00474	0.22920	0.04211	0.02107	0.00036	959	136	210	35	134	2
SPS-H-002-02	358	1127	0.32	0.09041	0.00413	0.25974	0.01705	0.02115	0.00056	1433	87	234	14	135	4
SPS-H-002-03	418	1237	0.34	0.05271	0.00261	0.15180	0.01130	0.02106	0.00028	315	113	143	10	134	2
SPS-H-002-04	321	1215	0.26	0.06642	0.00174	0.19492	0.05620	0.02101	0.00018	819	55	181	48	134	1
SPS-H-002-05	308	1028	0.30	0.05314	0.00194	0.15739	0.06309	0.02112	0.00016	334	83	148	55	135	1
SPS-H-002-06	774	1567	0.49	0.06419	0.00309	0.18812	0.01067	0.02103	0.00018	747	102	175	9	134	1
SPS-H-002-07	308	1008	0.31	0.04735	0.00164	0.14023	0.06025	0.02107	0.00028	66	82	133	54	134	2
SPS-H-002-08	336	1095	0.31	0.05154	0.00162	0.14744	0.05626	0.02109	0.00035	264	72	140	50	135	2
SPS-H-002-09	223	1043	0.21	0.04405	0.00131	0.12805	0.01168	0.02108	0.00025	0.1	68	122	11	134	2
SPS-H-002-10	630	1384	0.46	0.03781	0.00100	0.11373	0.05315	0.02105	0.00017	0.1	52	109	48	134	1
SPS-H-009-01	101	342	0.30	0.06336	0.00278	0.16193	0.00685	0.01872	0.00021	719	93	152	6	120	1
SPS-H-009-02	303	1330	0.23	0.04782	0.00280	0.12740	0.00739	0.01932	0.00016	89	139	122	7	123	1
SPS-H-009-03	156	958	0.16	0.05489	0.00152	0.14750	0.00406	0.01947	0.00014	407	62	140	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-04	302	900	0.34	0.06263	0.01499	0.18169	0.03977	0.01957	0.00018	695	510	170	34	125	1
SPS-H-009-05	82	484	0.17	0.05438	0.00346	0.14554	0.00932	0.01939	0.00022	386	143	138	8	124	1
SPS-H-009-06	249	1038	0.24	0.05263	0.00259	0.14222	0.00685	0.01960	0.00020	312	112	135	6	125	1
SPS-H-009-07	107	448	0.24	0.05030	0.00293	0.13615	0.00632	0.01897	0.00021	208	135	130	6	121	1
SPS-H-009-08	97	477	0.20	0.04605	0.00355	0.11817	0.00902	0.01861	0.00020	0.1	184	113	8	119	1
SPS-H-009-09	172	551	0.31	0.05316	0.00328	0.13838	0.00843	0.01888	0.00019	335	140	132	8	121	1
SPS-H-009-10	608	1909	0.32	0.04665	0.00473	0.13694	0.00418	0.01935	0.00016	30	243	130	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-11	170	664	0.26	0.04939	0.00231	0.12763	0.00585	0.01874	0.00017	165	109	122	5	120	1
SPS-H-009-12	109	638	0.17	0.04658	0.00385	0.13376	0.00470	0.01946	0.00021	27	198	127	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-13	296	1164	0.25	0.05155	0.00257	0.13790	0.00674	0.01940	0.00020	264	114	131	6	124	1
SPS-H-009-14	101	418	0.24	0.04696	0.00255	0.12469	0.00633	0.01911	0.00022	46	130	119	6	122	1
SPS-H-009-15	159	984	0.16	0.04646	0.00477	0.13398	0.00487	0.01897	0.00018	20	247	128	4	121	1
SPS-H-009-16	112	281	0.40	0.05166	0.00394	0.14055	0.00725	0.01893	0.00023	269	175	134	6	121	1

Table 1 The U-Pb isotope analysis data of zircons for the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

测点号	w_B(10^-6)		Th/U	同位素比值						U-Pb年龄(Ma)
测点号	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1 σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	1 σ	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²³⁵U	1 σ	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²³⁸U	1 σ
SPS-H-002-01	529	1972	0.27	0.07107	0.00474	0.22920	0.04211	0.02107	0.00036	959	136	210	35	134	2
SPS-H-002-02	358	1127	0.32	0.09041	0.00413	0.25974	0.01705	0.02115	0.00056	1433	87	234	14	135	4
SPS-H-002-03	418	1237	0.34	0.05271	0.00261	0.15180	0.01130	0.02106	0.00028	315	113	143	10	134	2
SPS-H-002-04	321	1215	0.26	0.06642	0.00174	0.19492	0.05620	0.02101	0.00018	819	55	181	48	134	1
SPS-H-002-05	308	1028	0.30	0.05314	0.00194	0.15739	0.06309	0.02112	0.00016	334	83	148	55	135	1
SPS-H-002-06	774	1567	0.49	0.06419	0.00309	0.18812	0.01067	0.02103	0.00018	747	102	175	9	134	1
SPS-H-002-07	308	1008	0.31	0.04735	0.00164	0.14023	0.06025	0.02107	0.00028	66	82	133	54	134	2
SPS-H-002-08	336	1095	0.31	0.05154	0.00162	0.14744	0.05626	0.02109	0.00035	264	72	140	50	135	2
SPS-H-002-09	223	1043	0.21	0.04405	0.00131	0.12805	0.01168	0.02108	0.00025	0.1	68	122	11	134	2
SPS-H-002-10	630	1384	0.46	0.03781	0.00100	0.11373	0.05315	0.02105	0.00017	0.1	52	109	48	134	1
SPS-H-009-01	101	342	0.30	0.06336	0.00278	0.16193	0.00685	0.01872	0.00021	719	93	152	6	120	1
SPS-H-009-02	303	1330	0.23	0.04782	0.00280	0.12740	0.00739	0.01932	0.00016	89	139	122	7	123	1
SPS-H-009-03	156	958	0.16	0.05489	0.00152	0.14750	0.00406	0.01947	0.00014	407	62	140	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-04	302	900	0.34	0.06263	0.01499	0.18169	0.03977	0.01957	0.00018	695	510	170	34	125	1
SPS-H-009-05	82	484	0.17	0.05438	0.00346	0.14554	0.00932	0.01939	0.00022	386	143	138	8	124	1
SPS-H-009-06	249	1038	0.24	0.05263	0.00259	0.14222	0.00685	0.01960	0.00020	312	112	135	6	125	1
SPS-H-009-07	107	448	0.24	0.05030	0.00293	0.13615	0.00632	0.01897	0.00021	208	135	130	6	121	1
SPS-H-009-08	97	477	0.20	0.04605	0.00355	0.11817	0.00902	0.01861	0.00020	0.1	184	113	8	119	1
SPS-H-009-09	172	551	0.31	0.05316	0.00328	0.13838	0.00843	0.01888	0.00019	335	140	132	8	121	1
SPS-H-009-10	608	1909	0.32	0.04665	0.00473	0.13694	0.00418	0.01935	0.00016	30	243	130	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-11	170	664	0.26	0.04939	0.00231	0.12763	0.00585	0.01874	0.00017	165	109	122	5	120	1
SPS-H-009-12	109	638	0.17	0.04658	0.00385	0.13376	0.00470	0.01946	0.00021	27	198	127	4	124	1
SPS-H-009-13	296	1164	0.25	0.05155	0.00257	0.13790	0.00674	0.01940	0.00020	264	114	131	6	124	1
SPS-H-009-14	101	418	0.24	0.04696	0.00255	0.12469	0.00633	0.01911	0.00022	46	130	119	6	122	1
SPS-H-009-15	159	984	0.16	0.04646	0.00477	0.13398	0.00487	0.01897	0.00018	20	247	128	4	121	1
SPS-H-009-16	112	281	0.40	0.05166	0.00394	0.14055	0.00725	0.01893	0.00023	269	175	134	6	121	1

Fig.5 Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams (a) (c) and diagrams of their weighted mean (b) (d) from the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Table 2 Analysis results of the major (%), rare earth and trace (10-6) elements of the chert and silicified breccia in Sipingshan Formation

样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	98.91	0.02	0.10	0.05	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.04	0.07	0.02	0.43	99.94
SPS-B-002		97.84	0.02	0.84	0.04	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.23	0.02	0.42	99.71
SPS-B-003		96.87	0.02	1.67	0.08	0.18	0.02	0.02	0.12	0.13	0.41	0.02	0.43	99.96
SPS-B-004		98.50	0.01	0.25	0.13	0.66	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.48	100.25
SPS-B-005		98.20	0.01	0.52	0.23	0.77	0.01	0.01	0.07	0.02	0.11	0.01	0.42	100.50
SPS-B-006		97.50	0.06	0.78	0.14	0.63	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.23	0.01	0.56	100.15
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	87.70	0.18	4.41	1.33	0.34	0.02	0.14	0.08	0.07	2.21	0.02	1.40	97.90
SPS-B-008		75.97	0.48	9.50	7.75	0.22	0.02	0.49	0.06	0.06	2.41	0.03	2.99	99.98
SPS-B-009		83.46	0.32	7.31	2.28	0.37	0.04	0.29	0.06	0.08	3.11	0.02	2.44	99.78
SPS-B-010		85.20	0.44	7.82	0.32	0.36	0.01	0.26	0.05	0.03	2.93	0.01	2.00	99.57
SPS-B-011		83.01	0.42	9.23	0.92	0.41	0.04	0.24	0.05	0.06	4.01	0.02	1.56	99.97
样品编号	岩性	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	0.83	1.52	0.17	0.61	0.11	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.06
SPS-B-002		0.33	0.66	0.08	0.28	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02
SPS-B-003		0.96	1.89	0.21	0.74	0.14	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.05
SPS-B-004		0.90	1.80	0.19	0.60	0.18	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.03
SPS-B-005		1.00	1.70	0.14	0.60	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.13	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.08
SPS-B-006		3.40	6.50	0.59	2.00	0.33	0.08	0.29	0.06	0.27	0.05	0.20	0.03	0.18
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	9.45	18.85	1.95	6.87	1.19	0.28	0.98	0.16	0.99	0.19	0.59	0.09	0.56
SPS-B-008		11.86	28.63	3.10	10.90	1.91	0.39	1.23	0.19	1.31	0.26	0.85	0.13	0.93
SPS-B-009		12.59	26.76	2.81	9.64	1.64	0.37	1.31	0.20	1.04	0.22	0.68	0.13	0.79
SPS-B-010		17.80	35.70	3.71	12.60	3.13	0.43	1.63	0.26	1.77	0.36	1.07	0.20	1.23
SPS-B-011		20.73	39.95	4.43	16.07	2.86	0.56	2.44	0.42	2.40	0.48	1.51	0.26	1.63
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	Th	U	Nb	Sr	Hf	Ta	Zr	Rb	Ba	Co	Ni
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	0.01	0.51	0.22	0.16	0.46	19.80	0.30	0.02	13.80	7.4	41.4	0.38	1.26
SPS-B-002		0.00	0.25	0.19	0.14	0.24	40.90	0.26	0.02	9.10	12.3	169.3	0.39	1.71
SPS-B-003		0.01	0.54	0.30	0.26	0.21	37.50	0.28	0.02	9.40	15.6	188.7	0.51	1.46
SPS-B-004		0.01	0.70	0.13	0.50	1.40	6.20	0.20	0.10	2.00	4.0	36.3	1.00	3.00
SPS-B-005		0.01	0.70	0.26	1.28	2.30	13.20	0.20	0.10	2.00	7.3	66.2	1.00	2.00
SPS-B-006		0.03	1.90	0.66	0.30	2.00	17.30	0.50	0.10	17.00	13.2	106.0	1.00	2.00
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	0.09	5.43	2.54	0.81	4.68	26.30	1.59	0.33	57.60	96.3	432.4	2.53	7.97
SPS-B-008		0.14	6.78	7.88	2.13	13.77	33.50	3.31	1.06	123.2	156.0	922.5	1.11	2.31
SPS-B-009		0.12	6.21	4.72	0.99	8.17	30.10	2.02	0.47	72.90	131.8	794.7	3.65	13.83
SPS-B-010		0.20	8.90	6.55	2.42	7.30	26.60	3.50	0.50	104.0	164.5	415.0	1.00	1.00
SPS-B-011		0.24	14.41	8.72	1.96	12.83	41.20	4.43	1.07	145.2	304.9	345.1	1.29	4.56
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	77.23	0.34	7.40	3.49	0.51	0.02	0.21	0.13	0.11	3.92	0.02	3.45	96.84
SPS-H-002		84.21	0.46	7.62	2.22	0.28	0.03	0.37	0.13	0.19	2.58	0.03	1.80	99.90
SPS-H-003		81.16	0.42	8.03	2.20	0.50	0.03	0.42	0.06	0.08	4.04	0.02	2.75	99.71
SPS-H-004		84.55	0.46	7.55	1.01	0.36	0.03	0.28	0.06	0.06	3.82	0.01	1.64	99.84
SPS-H-005		86.00	0.41	5.68	2.09	0.49	0.05	0.25	0.09	0.08	2.96	0.03	1.63	99.76
SPS-H-006		81.50	0.31	8.06	0.32	0.72	0.01	0.23	0.06	0.03	4.65	0.01	3.86	100.80
SPS-H-007		82.14	0.34	8.77	1.31	0.27	0.04	0.20	0.05	0.07	4.89	0.02	1.79	99.88
SPS-H-008		86.80	0.45	6.29	2.13	0.40	0.04	0.25	0.08	0.05	1.28	0.03	2.04	99.84
SPS-H-009		75.28	0.26	4.54	8.10	1.19	0.04	0.24	0.06	0.07	2.03	0.03	7.86	99.71
SPS-H-010		83.06	0.53	10.45	0.71	0.31	0.03	0.25	0.04	0.04	2.70	0.02	1.83	99.96
样品编号	岩性	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	17.35	37.05	3.91	14.02	2.53	0.50	1.94	0.33	2.11	0.41	1.26	0.20	1.32
SPS-H-002		8.20	17.59	2.03	7.64	1.78	0.42	1.94	0.41	2.65	0.52	1.58	0.28	1.67
SPS-H-003		16.42	32.90	3.49	11.91	2.08	0.42	1.66	0.27	1.54	0.32	1.04	0.20	1.21
SPS-H-004		16.45	32.58	3.67	13.35	2.73	0.55	2.40	0.44	2.47	0.49	1.46	0.25	1.56
SPS-H-005		15.58	31.38	3.57	12.92	2.57	0.55	2.30	0.39	2.16	0.42	1.25	0.21	1.35
SPS-H-006		17.90	38.10	3.61	13.20	3.05	0.38	2.13	0.30	1.98	0.38	1.22	0.20	1.41
SPS-H-007		15.96	30.22	3.46	12.43	2.39	0.51	2.03	0.33	1.78	0.35	1.04	0.18	1.18
SPS-H-008		7.17	12.77	1.49	5.37	1.15	0.28	1.12	0.24	1.52	0.31	0.99	0.17	1.12
SPS-H-009		14.19	30.85	3.58	12.77	2.39	0.49	1.83	0.28	1.33	0.24	0.73	0.13	0.79
SPS-H-010		17.52	34.19	3.82	13.82	2.60	0.51	2.34	0.40	2.33	0.47	1.44	0.26	1.59
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	Th	U	Nb	Sr	Hf	Ta	Zr	Rb	Ba	Co	Ni
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	0.20	11.03	5.45	1.69	9.95	31.10	2.82	0.71	107.00	212.0	942.4	34.96	52.86
SPS-H-002		0.24	15.44	6.84	1.85	10.20	42.70	3.96	0.85	133.60	126.4	989.3	0.66	2.33
SPS-H-003		0.18	9.12	5.71	1.45	10.86	36.10	3.58	0.66	123.60	209.2	799.1	4.27	12.69
SPS-H-004		0.24	14.78	7.30	2.07	11.61	27.00	4.38	0.76	149.00	237.8	608.9	1.73	6.94
SPS-H-005		0.19	12.68	5.85	1.43	9.39	26.00	3.35	0.67	114.00	129.6	542.1	0.83	3.26
SPS-H-006		0.24	10.40	9.14	4.00	10.70	24.70	3.70	0.90	108.00	256.0	1475	1.00	1.00
SPS-H-007		0.17	10.52	4.53	1.27	9.65	31.20	3.22	0.57	117.20	278.6	411.7	3.12	6.99
SPS-H-008		0.15	8.88	5.21	1.22	11.31	32.20	3.14	0.73	112.70	68.2	249.2	1.11	3.26
SPS-H-009		0.12	6.87	4.70	1.08	8.38	49.40	2.47	0.52	85.60	101.2	393.8	8.33	16.23
SPS-H-010		0.25	13.96	6.70	1.73	13.37	20.40	5.16	0.82	183.60	164.9	158.2	1.62	6.36

Table 2 Analysis results of the major (%), rare earth and trace (10-6) elements of the chert and silicified breccia in Sipingshan Formation

样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	98.91	0.02	0.10	0.05	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.04	0.07	0.02	0.43	99.94
SPS-B-002		97.84	0.02	0.84	0.04	0.12	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.06	0.23	0.02	0.42	99.71
SPS-B-003		96.87	0.02	1.67	0.08	0.18	0.02	0.02	0.12	0.13	0.41	0.02	0.43	99.96
SPS-B-004		98.50	0.01	0.25	0.13	0.66	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.48	100.25
SPS-B-005		98.20	0.01	0.52	0.23	0.77	0.01	0.01	0.07	0.02	0.11	0.01	0.42	100.50
SPS-B-006		97.50	0.06	0.78	0.14	0.63	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.23	0.01	0.56	100.15
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	87.70	0.18	4.41	1.33	0.34	0.02	0.14	0.08	0.07	2.21	0.02	1.40	97.90
SPS-B-008		75.97	0.48	9.50	7.75	0.22	0.02	0.49	0.06	0.06	2.41	0.03	2.99	99.98
SPS-B-009		83.46	0.32	7.31	2.28	0.37	0.04	0.29	0.06	0.08	3.11	0.02	2.44	99.78
SPS-B-010		85.20	0.44	7.82	0.32	0.36	0.01	0.26	0.05	0.03	2.93	0.01	2.00	99.57
SPS-B-011		83.01	0.42	9.23	0.92	0.41	0.04	0.24	0.05	0.06	4.01	0.02	1.56	99.97
样品编号	岩性	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	0.83	1.52	0.17	0.61	0.11	0.04	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.06
SPS-B-002		0.33	0.66	0.08	0.28	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02
SPS-B-003		0.96	1.89	0.21	0.74	0.14	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.05
SPS-B-004		0.90	1.80	0.19	0.60	0.18	0.04	0.05	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.03
SPS-B-005		1.00	1.70	0.14	0.60	0.04	0.03	0.06	0.01	0.13	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.08
SPS-B-006		3.40	6.50	0.59	2.00	0.33	0.08	0.29	0.06	0.27	0.05	0.20	0.03	0.18
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	9.45	18.85	1.95	6.87	1.19	0.28	0.98	0.16	0.99	0.19	0.59	0.09	0.56
SPS-B-008		11.86	28.63	3.10	10.90	1.91	0.39	1.23	0.19	1.31	0.26	0.85	0.13	0.93
SPS-B-009		12.59	26.76	2.81	9.64	1.64	0.37	1.31	0.20	1.04	0.22	0.68	0.13	0.79
SPS-B-010		17.80	35.70	3.71	12.60	3.13	0.43	1.63	0.26	1.77	0.36	1.07	0.20	1.23
SPS-B-011		20.73	39.95	4.43	16.07	2.86	0.56	2.44	0.42	2.40	0.48	1.51	0.26	1.63
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	Th	U	Nb	Sr	Hf	Ta	Zr	Rb	Ba	Co	Ni
SPS-B-001	硅质岩	0.01	0.51	0.22	0.16	0.46	19.80	0.30	0.02	13.80	7.4	41.4	0.38	1.26
SPS-B-002		0.00	0.25	0.19	0.14	0.24	40.90	0.26	0.02	9.10	12.3	169.3	0.39	1.71
SPS-B-003		0.01	0.54	0.30	0.26	0.21	37.50	0.28	0.02	9.40	15.6	188.7	0.51	1.46
SPS-B-004		0.01	0.70	0.13	0.50	1.40	6.20	0.20	0.10	2.00	4.0	36.3	1.00	3.00
SPS-B-005		0.01	0.70	0.26	1.28	2.30	13.20	0.20	0.10	2.00	7.3	66.2	1.00	2.00
SPS-B-006		0.03	1.90	0.66	0.30	2.00	17.30	0.50	0.10	17.00	13.2	106.0	1.00	2.00
SPS-B-007	硅质角砾岩	0.09	5.43	2.54	0.81	4.68	26.30	1.59	0.33	57.60	96.3	432.4	2.53	7.97
SPS-B-008		0.14	6.78	7.88	2.13	13.77	33.50	3.31	1.06	123.2	156.0	922.5	1.11	2.31
SPS-B-009		0.12	6.21	4.72	0.99	8.17	30.10	2.02	0.47	72.90	131.8	794.7	3.65	13.83
SPS-B-010		0.20	8.90	6.55	2.42	7.30	26.60	3.50	0.50	104.0	164.5	415.0	1.00	1.00
SPS-B-011		0.24	14.41	8.72	1.96	12.83	41.20	4.43	1.07	145.2	304.9	345.1	1.29	4.56
样品编号	岩性	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	烧失量	总量
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	77.23	0.34	7.40	3.49	0.51	0.02	0.21	0.13	0.11	3.92	0.02	3.45	96.84
SPS-H-002		84.21	0.46	7.62	2.22	0.28	0.03	0.37	0.13	0.19	2.58	0.03	1.80	99.90
SPS-H-003		81.16	0.42	8.03	2.20	0.50	0.03	0.42	0.06	0.08	4.04	0.02	2.75	99.71
SPS-H-004		84.55	0.46	7.55	1.01	0.36	0.03	0.28	0.06	0.06	3.82	0.01	1.64	99.84
SPS-H-005		86.00	0.41	5.68	2.09	0.49	0.05	0.25	0.09	0.08	2.96	0.03	1.63	99.76
SPS-H-006		81.50	0.31	8.06	0.32	0.72	0.01	0.23	0.06	0.03	4.65	0.01	3.86	100.80
SPS-H-007		82.14	0.34	8.77	1.31	0.27	0.04	0.20	0.05	0.07	4.89	0.02	1.79	99.88
SPS-H-008		86.80	0.45	6.29	2.13	0.40	0.04	0.25	0.08	0.05	1.28	0.03	2.04	99.84
SPS-H-009		75.28	0.26	4.54	8.10	1.19	0.04	0.24	0.06	0.07	2.03	0.03	7.86	99.71
SPS-H-010		83.06	0.53	10.45	0.71	0.31	0.03	0.25	0.04	0.04	2.70	0.02	1.83	99.96
样品编号	岩性	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	17.35	37.05	3.91	14.02	2.53	0.50	1.94	0.33	2.11	0.41	1.26	0.20	1.32
SPS-H-002		8.20	17.59	2.03	7.64	1.78	0.42	1.94	0.41	2.65	0.52	1.58	0.28	1.67
SPS-H-003		16.42	32.90	3.49	11.91	2.08	0.42	1.66	0.27	1.54	0.32	1.04	0.20	1.21
SPS-H-004		16.45	32.58	3.67	13.35	2.73	0.55	2.40	0.44	2.47	0.49	1.46	0.25	1.56
SPS-H-005		15.58	31.38	3.57	12.92	2.57	0.55	2.30	0.39	2.16	0.42	1.25	0.21	1.35
SPS-H-006		17.90	38.10	3.61	13.20	3.05	0.38	2.13	0.30	1.98	0.38	1.22	0.20	1.41
SPS-H-007		15.96	30.22	3.46	12.43	2.39	0.51	2.03	0.33	1.78	0.35	1.04	0.18	1.18
SPS-H-008		7.17	12.77	1.49	5.37	1.15	0.28	1.12	0.24	1.52	0.31	0.99	0.17	1.12
SPS-H-009		14.19	30.85	3.58	12.77	2.39	0.49	1.83	0.28	1.33	0.24	0.73	0.13	0.79
SPS-H-010		17.52	34.19	3.82	13.82	2.60	0.51	2.34	0.40	2.33	0.47	1.44	0.26	1.59
样品编号	岩性	Lu	Y	Th	U	Nb	Sr	Hf	Ta	Zr	Rb	Ba	Co	Ni
SPS-H-001	流纹岩	0.20	11.03	5.45	1.69	9.95	31.10	2.82	0.71	107.00	212.0	942.4	34.96	52.86
SPS-H-002		0.24	15.44	6.84	1.85	10.20	42.70	3.96	0.85	133.60	126.4	989.3	0.66	2.33
SPS-H-003		0.18	9.12	5.71	1.45	10.86	36.10	3.58	0.66	123.60	209.2	799.1	4.27	12.69
SPS-H-004		0.24	14.78	7.30	2.07	11.61	27.00	4.38	0.76	149.00	237.8	608.9	1.73	6.94
SPS-H-005		0.19	12.68	5.85	1.43	9.39	26.00	3.35	0.67	114.00	129.6	542.1	0.83	3.26
SPS-H-006		0.24	10.40	9.14	4.00	10.70	24.70	3.70	0.90	108.00	256.0	1475	1.00	1.00
SPS-H-007		0.17	10.52	4.53	1.27	9.65	31.20	3.22	0.57	117.20	278.6	411.7	3.12	6.99
SPS-H-008		0.15	8.88	5.21	1.22	11.31	32.20	3.14	0.73	112.70	68.2	249.2	1.11	3.26
SPS-H-009		0.12	6.87	4.70	1.08	8.38	49.40	2.47	0.52	85.60	101.2	393.8	8.33	16.23
SPS-H-010		0.25	13.96	6.70	1.73	13.37	20.40	5.16	0.82	183.60	164.9	158.2	1.62	6.36

Fig.6 TAS (a) [44], K2O-SiO2(b) [45] and A/NK-A/CNK (c) [46] diagrams of the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Fig.7 NASC-normalized REE distribution patterns (a), primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagrams (b) of the chert, silicified breccia in Sipingshan Formation and chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (c), primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagrams (d) of the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Fig.8 Photomicrographs of fluid inclusions trapped in the gold-bearing quartz veins in the Sipingshan gold deposit

Table 3 Analysis results of fluid inclusions in the Siping-shan gold deposit

序号	类型	大小 (μm)	气液比 (%)	均一温度 (℃)	冰点温度 (℃)	资料来源
1	气液两相	5×8	15	157.2	-3.4	本文
2	气液两相	6×8	25	181.7	-5.8
3	气液两相	3×6	10	126.7	-1.8
4	气液两相	6×6	20	159.3	-0.5
5	气液两相	5×6	20	131.3	-3.7
6	气液两相	4×6	15	129.8	-0.2
7	气液两相	5×6	15	134.6	-2.9
8	气液两相	6×6	30	162.8	-3.6
9	气液两相	4×6	20	161.9	-0.7
10	气液两相	4×8	15	170.3	-1.5
11	气液两相	7×8	20	223.4	-2.8
12	气液两相	5×5	15	118.7	-3.2
13	气液两相	4×6	15	120.3	-3.1
14	气液两相	5×6	25	167.5	-2.6
15	气液两相	4×7	20	172.2	-2.3
16	气液两相	5×6	30	193.2	-4.6
17	气液两相	4×5	25	146.3	-1.3
18	气液两相	5×6	20	180.7	-4.3
19	气液两相	6×10	20	191.7	-0.6
20	气液两相	6×12	20	201.6	-3.1
21	气液两相	6×6	35	169.6	-2.3
22	气液两相	4×7	20	185.3	-0.8
23	气液两相	6×6	35	179.0	-3.6
24	气液两相	5×7	25	196.1	-3.9
25	气液两相	6×9	25	194.3	-2.5
26	气液两相	3×5	25	142.8	-1.9
27	气液两相	5×6	30	173.2	-1.4

Table 4 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data of the Siping-shan gold deposit

样品编号	岩性	矿物	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW (‰)	δD (‰)	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ (‰)	资料来源
DWLZ-1	硅质脉	石英	15.3	-103.3	2.23	文献 [27]
DWLZ-2	硅质脉	石英	15.2	-106.5	2.13
DWLZ-3	硅质脉	石英	15.1	-113.8	2.03
SP31	黑色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10	文献 [50]
SP89	黑色硅质脉	石英	11.3	-94.0	-2.10
SP82	黑灰色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10
SP18	黑灰色硅质脉	石英	11.5	-106.0	-1.90
SP89	灰色硅质脉	石英	12.6	-95.0	-0.80
SP20	灰色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10
SP47	白色硅质脉	石英	9.9	-106.0	0.10
SP84	白色硅质脉	石英	11.2	-94.0	1.30
SP39	白色硅质脉	石英	9.0	-86.0	-0.80
SP64	白色硅质脉	石英	10.8	-84.0	0.90

Table 4 Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data of the Siping-shan gold deposit

样品编号	岩性	矿物	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW (‰)	δD (‰)	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ (‰)	资料来源
DWLZ-1	硅质脉	石英	15.3	-103.3	2.23	文献 [27]
DWLZ-2	硅质脉	石英	15.2	-106.5	2.13
DWLZ-3	硅质脉	石英	15.1	-113.8	2.03
SP31	黑色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10	文献 [50]
SP89	黑色硅质脉	石英	11.3	-94.0	-2.10
SP82	黑灰色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10
SP18	黑灰色硅质脉	石英	11.5	-106.0	-1.90
SP89	灰色硅质脉	石英	12.6	-95.0	-0.80
SP20	灰色硅质脉	石英	10.3	-95.0	-3.10
SP47	白色硅质脉	石英	9.9	-106.0	0.10
SP84	白色硅质脉	石英	11.2	-94.0	1.30
SP39	白色硅质脉	石英	9.0	-86.0	-0.80
SP64	白色硅质脉	石英	10.8	-84.0	0.90

Fig.9 Diagrams of the homogeneous temperature (a), salinity (b) of fluid inclusions trapped in the gold-bearing quartz veins in the Sipingshan gold deposit, and diagrams of salinity vs.homogeneous temperature (c) and δD-δ18 O H 2 O(d)

Table 5 Age of ore-forming rock mass of the Yanshanian gold polymetallic deposit in the Nadanhada terrane

矿床名称	岩性	年龄(Ma)	测试方法	资料来源
先锋北山金矿床	硅化流纹岩	116.98±0.47	LA- ICP-MS	文献[19]
先锋北山金矿床	岩屑晶屑凝灰岩	116.98±0.42		文献[19]
258高地金矿床	闪长玢岩	119.5±1.30		文献[22]
		107.4±2.20		文献[22]
		110.7±1.00		文献[39]
	二长花岗岩	130.5±0.80		文献[22]
		122.1±0.7
		118.0±0.9
	花岗闪长岩	118.3±1.1
358高地金矿床	花岗斑岩	128±1.0		文献[21]
358高地金矿床	闪长玢岩	108.4±0.9		文献[39]
跃进山铜金矿床	花岗斑岩	109.17±0.91		文献[20]
		115.8±1.0		文献[51]
		101.9±1.1		文献[39]
		111.8±2.9		文献[25]
河口林场锡多金属矿床	花岗斑岩	121.4±0.5		文献[23]
		118.0±1.1		文献[24]
		115.4±1.0		文献[26]
	锡石	101.4±7.9	LA-MC- ICP-MS	文献[26]
四平山金矿床	花岗斑岩	113.5±0.7	LA- ICP-MS	文献[31]
	硅质岩	121.8±1.1		文献[27]
	硅质岩	117.6±1.0
	硅质角砾岩	122.3±1.1
	黄铁矿	106±3	Rb-Sr
	流纹岩	134±1	LA- ICP-MS	本文
		123±1	LA- ICP-MS	本文

Fig.10 SiO2-Al2O3(a) [59], Al-Fe-Mn(b) [60], 10(Cu+Ni+Co)-Fe-Mn (c) [61] and lgU-lgTh (d) [62] diagrams of the chert and silicified breccia in Sipingshan Formation

Fig.11 TFeO/MgO-(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) (a) [69], Zr-10000Ga/Al (b) [76], TiO2-Zr(c) [77], Zr-SiO2(d) [69], Al2O3-SiO2(e), and La-SiO2(f) diagrams of the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Fig.12 A/MF-C/MF (a) [84] and Rb/Ba-Rb/Sr (b) [78] diagrams of the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation

Fig.13 Metallogenic model map of the Sipingshan gold deposit (modified after reference [27])

Fig.14 Fe2O3/(100-SiO2)-Al2O3/(100-SiO2) (a), Fe2O3/TiO2-Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) (b) and LaN/CeN-Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) (c) diagrams of the chert and silicified breccia in Sipingshan Formation[129]

Fig.15 Nb-Y (a), Ta-Yb (b), Rb-(Y+Nb) (c), and Th/Ta-Yb (d) diagrams of the rhyolite in Datashanlinchang Formation [131-132]

Fig.16 Reconstruction diagram of the Early Cretaceous geodynamic background in the Nadanhada terrane (modified after reference [25])

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