Fig.1 Map showing distribution of drilling and field profiles around the Bogda Mountain in southern Junggar Basin (a) and Middle Permian sedimentary facies around the Bogda Mountain (b)

Fig.2 Permian stratigraphic and lithologic columns around the Bogda Mountain (a) and field photograph of organic-rich shale (b)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of hydrous pyrolysis experiment in gold tube

Fig.4 Yields of oil for heating J-11 black shale collected from Jingjingzigou outcrop under different P-T condition

Fig.5 Kinetic results of J-11 sample for oil generation via isothermal pyrolysis in gold tube

Fig.6 Simulation of dehydrogenations and their activation free energy barriers of organic matter via quantum chemical calculation (a) dehydrogenation of ethane to form C=C double bonds; (b) cyclization of n-hexane to form cyclohexane; (c) dehydrogenatioin of cyclohexane to form cyclohexene; (d) aryl-aryl coupling by use of dibenzothiophene

Fig.7 Diagram showing the comparison of hydrocarbon generation threshold of source rocks under heating rate of virtual basin (solid gray line and the shadow denote the dynamic curve calculated by Rock-Eval method; solid red line denotes the dynamic curve of J-11 black shale calculated by the two methods; black dotted line denotes the Easy%Ro value)

Fig.8 Burial history and hydrocarbon generation history recovery of different tectonic units in the northeastern and western margin of Bogda Mountain

Fig.9 Burial history and hydrocarbon generation history recovery of different tectonic units in the Chaiwobu subsag, southern Bogda Mountain