Fluid Inclusion and C-H-O-S Stable Isotopic Studies of Sanguanmiao Gold Deposit, Shangnan, Shaanxi Province

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2021.122

Abstract

Abstract:

The Sanguanmiao gold deposit is located in the thrust-nappe belt in the northern South Qinling Orogen. It is a fault-controlled magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. Gold mineralization at Sanguanmiao can be divided into pre-ore (S1), main-ore (S2) and post-ore (S3) stages. Massive sulfide and calcite-quartz veins with gold mineralization were formed in S2. The homogenization temperatures (T_h) of S2 fluid inclusions are of 150-420 ℃, with salinities of 2.07%-24.15%NaCl, whereas the S3 ores are of 81-190 ℃ and 8.55%-22.17%NaCl. Fluid inclusion petrologic and microthermometric analyses show that the gold precipitation was resulted from fluid mixing and subsequent fluid boiling during the main ore stage. The δD_V-SMOW values of the S2 ore-forming fluid range from -84.4‰ to -77.0‰, and the δ¹⁸${{\text{O}}_{{{\text{H}}_{2}}\text{O}}}$ values range from 5.0‰ to 5.7‰, indicating the mixing of magmatic water and meteoric fluids. The ore-fluid δ¹³C_ΣC values range from -13.5‰ to -5.2‰, indicating a magmatic carbon origin influenced by low-temperature alteration. The δ³⁴S_CDT values range from -2.73‰ to -1.31‰ for pyrite, and from -3.36‰ to 0.03‰ for arsenopyrite, suggesting a single magmatic sulfur source. Thus, we considered that the Sanguanmiao gold deposit is associated with magmatic-hydrothermal activity, and proposed a metallogenic model as follows: the gold-bearing hydrothermal fluids migrated along fault structures during the late Indosinian Orogeny. Fluid mixing and boiling then occurred in the interlayer fracture zone, which caused gold precipitation and eventually the Sanguanmiao gold mineralization.

Key words: fluid inclusion, C-H-O-S stable isotope, ore genesis, Sanguanmiao gold deposit, Shangnan,Shaanxi

CLC Number:

P618.51

WANG Chao, WANG Ruiting, LIU Yunhua, XUE Yushan, HU Xishun, NIU Liang. Fluid Inclusion and C-H-O-S Stable Isotopic Studies of Sanguanmiao Gold Deposit, Shangnan, Shaanxi Province[J]. Geoscience, 2021, 35(06): 1551-1564.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Map showing the major geological units in the Qinling Orogen (a)( modified after ref. [19]) and geological map of the Sanguanmiao ore district (b)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Sanguanmiao gold deposit (a) and geological profile along Exploration Line No.16 (b)

Fig.3 Photographs and photomicrographs of the Sanguanmiao gold ores

Fig.4 Microphotographs of fluid inclusions from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

Table 1 Microthermometric results of fluid inclusions from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

样号	主矿物	成矿阶段	种类	均一温度T_h/℃			冰点温度T_m,ice/℃			盐度/%		密度ρ/(g/cm³)
样号	主矿物	成矿阶段	种类	个数	范围	平均	个数	范围	平均	范围	平均	范围	平均
SGM2	石英	晚阶段	L-V	6	118~160	138	5	-5.1~-3.4	-4.4	5.6~8.0	7.1	0.956~1.001	0.983
SGM12	石英	主阶段	L-V	12	190~420	309	6	-7.3~-2.5	-6.3	4.2~10.9	9.5	0.652~0.909	0.770
		主阶段	V-L	3	190~205	309	2	-8.7~-7.3	-6.3	10.9~12.5	9.5	0.943~0.971	0.957
		晚阶段	L-V	7	130-190	157	6	-11.6~-5.7	-7.5	8.8~15.6	11.0	0.949~1.043	0.994
SGM13	斜长石	主阶段	L-V	4	190~210	204	3	-8.2~-6.4	-7.2	9.7~11.9	10.7	0.936~0.949	0.944
SGM13	石英	主阶段	L-V	3	192~195	193	2	-7.2~-6.9	-7.1	10.4~10.7	10.5	0.954~0.955	0.954
SGM22	方解石	主阶段	L-V	18	150~230	184	12	-12.9~-6.8	-10.4	10.2~16.8	14.3	0.947~1.040	0.991
SGM8	石英	晚阶段	L-V	15	81~181	156	5	-16.9~-9.7	-11.4	13.6~20.2	15.2	0.997~1.116	1.030
SGM7	石英	主阶段	L-V	14	194~350	263	11	-19.0~-1.5	-10.8	2.6~21.7	14.1	0.792~1.029	0.901
SGM7	石英	主阶段	V-L	1	296	263	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SGM7	石英	晚阶段	L-V	9	127~171	141	8	-17.8~-5.5	-12.1	8.6~20.8	15.6	0.988~1.085	1.038
SGM10	石英	主阶段	L-V-S	1	400	217	1	-	-22.7	-	24.1	-	0.849
SGM10	石英	主阶段	L-V	18	170~310	217	18	-14.1~-1.2	-10.4	2.1~17.9	14.1	0.804~1.026	0.960
SGM11	方解石	晚阶段	L-V	18	102~155	130	18	-19.7~-6.5	-12.5	9.9~22.2	16.1	1.009~1.088	1.051
SGM14	石英	晚阶段	L-V	5	105~136	118	5	-13.7~-10.9	-12.0	14.9~17.5	-15.9	1.036~1.080	1.058

Fig.5 Histograms of fluid inclusion homogenization temperature ((a)(c)) and salinity ((b)(d)) in the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

Table 2 Hydrogen-oxygen isotope compositions of quartz from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	样号	成矿阶段	分析结果/‰		计算流体/‰
序号	样号	成矿阶段	δD_V-SMOW	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$
1	S13	主阶段	-81.8	15.1	5.9
2	S15	主阶段	-80.0	15.7	6.5
3	S17	主阶段	-77.0	15.3	6.1
4	S19	主阶段	-84.4	15.8	6.6
5	S20	主阶段	-78.4	15.5	6.3
平均			-80.3	15.5	6.3

Table 2 Hydrogen-oxygen isotope compositions of quartz from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	样号	成矿阶段	分析结果/‰		计算流体/‰
序号	样号	成矿阶段	δD_V-SMOW	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$
1	S13	主阶段	-81.8	15.1	5.9
2	S15	主阶段	-80.0	15.7	6.5
3	S17	主阶段	-77.0	15.3	6.1
4	S19	主阶段	-84.4	15.8	6.6
5	S20	主阶段	-78.4	15.5	6.3
平均			-80.3	15.5	6.3

Table 3 Carbon-oxygen isotope compositions of calcite from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	样号	成矿阶段	分析结果/‰			计算流体/‰
序号	样号	成矿阶段	δ¹³C_PDB	δ¹⁸O_PDB	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW	δ¹³ $C C O 2$	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$
1	S13	主阶段	-12.2	-16.6	13.8	-12.5	3.1
2	S15	主阶段	-9.0	-17.1	13.3	-9.3	2.6
3	S16	主阶段	-9.5	-16.7	13.7	-9.8	3.0
4	S17	主阶段	-8.7	-19.9	10.4	-9.0	-0.3
5	S19	主阶段	-13.2	-15.9	14.6	-13.5	3.9
6	S20	主阶段	-10.0	-15.3	15.2	-10.3	4.5
7	S22	主阶段	-4.9	-15.2	15.2	-5.2	4.5
	平均		-9.6	-16.7	13.7	-9.9	3.0

Table 3 Carbon-oxygen isotope compositions of calcite from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	样号	成矿阶段	分析结果/‰			计算流体/‰
序号	样号	成矿阶段	δ¹³C_PDB	δ¹⁸O_PDB	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW	δ¹³ $C C O 2$	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$
1	S13	主阶段	-12.2	-16.6	13.8	-12.5	3.1
2	S15	主阶段	-9.0	-17.1	13.3	-9.3	2.6
3	S16	主阶段	-9.5	-16.7	13.7	-9.8	3.0
4	S17	主阶段	-8.7	-19.9	10.4	-9.0	-0.3
5	S19	主阶段	-13.2	-15.9	14.6	-13.5	3.9
6	S20	主阶段	-10.0	-15.3	15.2	-10.3	4.5
7	S22	主阶段	-4.9	-15.2	15.2	-5.2	4.5
	平均		-9.6	-16.7	13.7	-9.9	3.0

Fig.6 In-situ sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite and arsenopyrite from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

Fig.7 Histogram of sulfur isotopic ratios of sulfides from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

Table 4 In-situ sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	δ³⁴S_CDT/ ‰	2σ	矿物编号	矿物名称	单矿物δ³⁴S_CDT 均值/‰	序号	δ³⁴S_CDT/ ‰	2σ	矿物编号	矿物名称
1	-1.33	0.14	SGM10-1	毒砂	-1.33	34	-2.51	0.15	SGM14-1a	毒砂	-2.03
2	-2.55	0.06	SGM10-2	黄铁矿	-2.55	35	-1.53	0.08	SGM14-1b	黄铁矿	-1.53
3	-2.01	0.07	SGM10-3a	磁黄铁矿	-2.01	36	-2.78	0.15	SGM14-2	毒砂	-1.65
4	-2.73	0.10	SGM10-3b	黄铁矿	-2.73	37	-0.65	0.15
5	-0.98	0.15	SGM10-5	毒砂	-0.98	38	-1.52	0.16
6	-2.32	0.07	SGM5-1a	黄铁矿	-2.32	39	-1.70	0.14	SGM14-3	毒砂	-1.70
7	-2.33	0.07	SGM5-1b	黄铁矿	-2.33	40	-1.98	0.15
8	-1.85	0.09	SGM5-1c	黄铁矿	-1.85	41	-1.41	0.14
9	-2.24	0.07	SGM5-2	黄铁矿	-2.21	42	-2.18	0.08	SGM14-4Pya	黄铁矿	-2.19
10	-2.18	0.07	SGM5-2	黄铁矿	-2.21	43	-2.03	0.07
11	-2.24	0.07	SGM5-3a	毒砂	-2.24	44	-2.16	0.08
12	-2.74	0.07	SGM5-3b	毒砂	-2.74	45	-2.36	0.08
13	-2.20	0.08	SGM5-4	黄铁矿	-2.22	46	-1.22	0.10	SGM14-4Pyb	黄铁矿	-1.31
14	-2.24	0.08	SGM5-4	黄铁矿	-2.22	47	-1.40	0.10	SGM14-4Pyb	黄铁矿	-1.31
15	-2.32	0.08	SGM5-5	黄铁矿		48	-1.99	0.14	SGM14-4	毒砂	-2.08
16	-2.44	0.07	SGM5-5	黄铁矿		49	-1.69	0.14
17	-2.12	0.08	SGM5-6	毒砂	-2.12	50	-2.56	0.15
18	-3.25	0.14	SGM13-1	毒砂	-3.36	51	-0.45	0.15	SGM1-1	毒砂	0.03
19	-3.47	0.15	SGM13-1	毒砂	-3.36	52	0.48	0.13
20	-0.88	0.18	SGM13-2	毒砂	-1.00	53	0.07	0.16
21	-1.18	0.19				54	-0.10	0.16	SGM1-2	毒砂	-0.40
22	-0.95	0.16				55	-0.94	0.15
23	-0.78	0.16	SGM13-3	毒砂	-1.47	56	-0.17	0.16
24	-1.48	0.14				57	-0.09	0.15	SGM22	毒砂	-0.29
25	-2.15	0.16				58	-0.92	0.13
26	-1.92	0.08	SGM7-1a	黄铁矿	-1.92	59	-0.12	0.14
27	-2.46	0.08	SGM7-1b	黄铁矿	-2.46	60	-0.86	0.13
28	-1.90	0.08	SGM7-1c	黄铁矿	-1.90	61	0.01	0.15
29	-2.43	0.07	SGM7-2	黄铁矿	-2.31	62	0.23	0.12
30	-2.32	0.08				63	0.04	0.15	SGM15-1	毒砂	-0.28
31	-2.28	0.08				64	-1.00	0.16
32	-2.20	0.08				65	0.11	0.36
33	-1.55	0.14	SGM14-1a	毒砂	-2.03	66	-1.53	0.17	SGM15-2	毒砂		-1.53

Table 4 In-situ sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfides from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

序号	δ³⁴S_CDT/ ‰	2σ	矿物编号	矿物名称	单矿物δ³⁴S_CDT 均值/‰	序号	δ³⁴S_CDT/ ‰	2σ	矿物编号	矿物名称
1	-1.33	0.14	SGM10-1	毒砂	-1.33	34	-2.51	0.15	SGM14-1a	毒砂	-2.03
2	-2.55	0.06	SGM10-2	黄铁矿	-2.55	35	-1.53	0.08	SGM14-1b	黄铁矿	-1.53
3	-2.01	0.07	SGM10-3a	磁黄铁矿	-2.01	36	-2.78	0.15	SGM14-2	毒砂	-1.65
4	-2.73	0.10	SGM10-3b	黄铁矿	-2.73	37	-0.65	0.15
5	-0.98	0.15	SGM10-5	毒砂	-0.98	38	-1.52	0.16
6	-2.32	0.07	SGM5-1a	黄铁矿	-2.32	39	-1.70	0.14	SGM14-3	毒砂	-1.70
7	-2.33	0.07	SGM5-1b	黄铁矿	-2.33	40	-1.98	0.15
8	-1.85	0.09	SGM5-1c	黄铁矿	-1.85	41	-1.41	0.14
9	-2.24	0.07	SGM5-2	黄铁矿	-2.21	42	-2.18	0.08	SGM14-4Pya	黄铁矿	-2.19
10	-2.18	0.07	SGM5-2	黄铁矿	-2.21	43	-2.03	0.07
11	-2.24	0.07	SGM5-3a	毒砂	-2.24	44	-2.16	0.08
12	-2.74	0.07	SGM5-3b	毒砂	-2.74	45	-2.36	0.08
13	-2.20	0.08	SGM5-4	黄铁矿	-2.22	46	-1.22	0.10	SGM14-4Pyb	黄铁矿	-1.31
14	-2.24	0.08	SGM5-4	黄铁矿	-2.22	47	-1.40	0.10	SGM14-4Pyb	黄铁矿	-1.31
15	-2.32	0.08	SGM5-5	黄铁矿		48	-1.99	0.14	SGM14-4	毒砂	-2.08
16	-2.44	0.07	SGM5-5	黄铁矿		49	-1.69	0.14
17	-2.12	0.08	SGM5-6	毒砂	-2.12	50	-2.56	0.15
18	-3.25	0.14	SGM13-1	毒砂	-3.36	51	-0.45	0.15	SGM1-1	毒砂	0.03
19	-3.47	0.15	SGM13-1	毒砂	-3.36	52	0.48	0.13
20	-0.88	0.18	SGM13-2	毒砂	-1.00	53	0.07	0.16
21	-1.18	0.19				54	-0.10	0.16	SGM1-2	毒砂	-0.40
22	-0.95	0.16				55	-0.94	0.15
23	-0.78	0.16	SGM13-3	毒砂	-1.47	56	-0.17	0.16
24	-1.48	0.14				57	-0.09	0.15	SGM22	毒砂	-0.29
25	-2.15	0.16				58	-0.92	0.13
26	-1.92	0.08	SGM7-1a	黄铁矿	-1.92	59	-0.12	0.14
27	-2.46	0.08	SGM7-1b	黄铁矿	-2.46	60	-0.86	0.13
28	-1.90	0.08	SGM7-1c	黄铁矿	-1.90	61	0.01	0.15
29	-2.43	0.07	SGM7-2	黄铁矿	-2.31	62	0.23	0.12
30	-2.32	0.08				63	0.04	0.15	SGM15-1	毒砂	-0.28
31	-2.28	0.08				64	-1.00	0.16
32	-2.20	0.08				65	0.11	0.36
33	-1.55	0.14	SGM14-1a	毒砂	-2.03	66	-1.53	0.17	SGM15-2	毒砂		-1.53

Fig.8 Homogenization temperature vs.salinity plot of fluid inclusions from the Sanguanmiao gold deposit

Fig.9 δ18 O H 2 O-δDV-SMOW discrimination plot for the main-ore stage fluids in the Sanguanmiao gold deposit (base map after ref.[41])

Fig.10 δ18O-δ13C discrimination plot for the main-ore stage fluids in the Sanguanmiao gold deposit (base map after refs.[42-43])

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