Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Genesis of the Wudaogou Gold Deposit in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.02.04

Abstract

Abstract:

The Wudaogou gold deposit is located at Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province, south part of Taipingling Au-Cu polymetallic metallogenetic belt. Au mineralization is mainly presenting as vein type in Lower Paleozoic Shuangqiaozi Formation carbonaceous slate, the distribution of the orebodies is controlled by NE-trending ductile shear zones and faults. We have distinguished three paragenetic stages, i.e., early quartz stage, followed by quartz-pyrite stage and quartz-carbonate stage, with gold being introduced mainly in the second stage. The ore-forming fluids of the Wudaogou deposit are characterized by moderate-low temperature, low salinity, belonging to an H₂O-NaCl-CO₂ system. The δ18$\mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}$and δ$\mathrm{D}_{\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}}$ values for the gold-bearing quartz indicate that the ore-forming fluids were a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. The trace elements of pyrite from gold-bearing ores show a characteristic of hydrothermal origin. And the δ³⁴S values suggest a mixed source for sulfur, i.e., the deep-seated magmatic and sedimentary rocks. The²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb values of gold-associated pyrite show a broad linear correlation with those of the local magmatic and country-rock, implying that lead and possibly gold relate to these sources. Whereas the lead isotope compositions of ores (especially the value of ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb) are higher than those of the Shuangqiaozi Formation slate and the diorite. This indicates that the lead may be a product of leaching of the hosted-carbonaceous slate, which suggests that the ore metals originated from the Shuangqiaozi Formation. Integrating the data obtained from this study on geology, fluid inclusions, and H-O-S-Pb isotope systematics, we suggest that the Wudaogou gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit.

Key words: fluid inclusion, H-O-S-Pb isotope, ore genesis, orogenic gold deposit, Wudaogou gold deposit

CLC Number:

P618.51

FANG Yan, HE Mouchun, DING Zhenju, XU Yiran, WEI Lianxi. Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Genesis of the Wudaogou Gold Deposit in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geoscience, 2020, 34(02): 254-265.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Simplified tectonic map of eastern China (a) and regional geological sketch map (b)

Fig.2 Geological map of the Wudaogou gold deposit (a) and cross-section of the No. 41 prospecting line (b)

Fig.3 Hand specimens and microphotographs showing mineral assemblages and textures of the carbonaceous slate of the Shuang-qiaozi Formation (a-c) and diorite (d-f) from the Wudaogou gold deposit

Fig.4 Characteristics of ores of the Wudaogou gold deposit

Fig.5 Photographs showing the hydrothermal stages of the Wudaogou gold deposit

Fig.6 Photomicrographs of representative fluid inclusions in quartz veinlets from the Wudaogou gold deposit

Fig.7 Histogram of homogenization temperatures (a) and salinity (b) of fluid inclusions in the Wudaogou gold deposit

Fig.8 Raman spectra of vapour phase in the fluid inclusion of the Wudaogou gold deposit

Table 1 Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the Wudaogou gold deposit

样号	矿物	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ /‰
WZK0902-4-1	石英	-97.4	13.8	2.46
WZK0902-4-2	石英	-100.4	13.7	2.36
WZK0902-4-3	石英	-100.4	16.2	4.86
WZK0902-4-4	石英	-103.8	13.5	2.16
WZK0902-4-4	石英	-100.5	13.3	1.96
WZK0902-4-6	石英	-98.4	13.3	1.96

Table 1 Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the Wudaogou gold deposit

样号	矿物	δD_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW/‰	δ¹⁸ $O H 2 O$ /‰
WZK0902-4-1	石英	-97.4	13.8	2.46
WZK0902-4-2	石英	-100.4	13.7	2.36
WZK0902-4-3	石英	-100.4	16.2	4.86
WZK0902-4-4	石英	-103.8	13.5	2.16
WZK0902-4-4	石英	-100.5	13.3	1.96
WZK0902-4-6	石英	-98.4	13.3	1.96

Fig.9 Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids for the Wudaogou gold deposit

Table 2 Electron probe composition analysis of pyrite from the Wudaogou gold deposit(%)

序号	矿物	As	S	Fe	Se	Cu	Zn	Pb	Ni
WZK0902-1-55-1	黄铁矿	0.013	52.856	46.189	—	—	—	0.03	—
WZK0902-1-55-2	黄铁矿	0.131	52.655	45.996	—	—	0.023	0.006	0.031
WZK0902-1-8-1	黄铁矿	0.030	52.770	46.601	0.022	—	0.034	0.074	—
WZK0902-1-8-3	黄铁矿	2.537	49.753	44.919	—	0.010	0.024	—	—
WZK0902-1-8-4	黄铁矿	4.238	48.397	44.622	—	0.045	—	—	—
WZK0902-1-52-2	黄铁矿	—	52.303	46.018	0.004	0.026	0.017	0.003	—
WZK0902-8-2	黄铁矿	0.023	52.905	45.977	—	—	—	0.009	—
序号	矿物	Ag	Mo	Au	Co	Sb	V	Ti	总量
WZK0902-1-55-1	黄铁矿	0.003	0.678	0.072	0.077	—	—	0.06	99.978
WZK0902-1-55-2	黄铁矿	0.003	0.653	—	0.101	—	—	—	99.599
WZK0902-1-8-1	黄铁矿	—	0.751	0.077	0.062	0.009	0.008	0.024	100.462
WZK0902-1-8-3	黄铁矿	0.009	0.714	—	0.075	0.022	—	0.096	98.159
WZK0902-1-8-4	黄铁矿	0.005	0.652	0.092	0.064	0.001	—	0.086	98.202
WZK0902-1-52-2	黄铁矿	0.005	0.648	—	0.063	0.026	—	0.012	99.125
WZK0902-8-2	黄铁矿	0.018	0.720	—	0.086	0.006	0.008	0.026	99.778

Table 3 The trace element characteristics of different type pyrite

矿床成因类型	FeS₂中元素含量(w_B/10^-6)及比值
矿床成因类型	Se	S/Se	Co/Ni
岩浆热液	>10	<40 000	>1
层控热液	<10	>150 000
五道沟金矿	>10	2 398~13 075<40 000	3.25>1

Table 4 Sulphur isotopic compositions of pyrite from the Wudaogou gold deposit

样品编号	分析矿物	产状	δ³⁴S/‰
WZK0902-1-8	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-8.3
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.8
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-2.5
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.3
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-5.0
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-2.9
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-8.6
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-2.7
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-6.0
WZK0902-1-52	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-4.6
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.3
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.5
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-4.0
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-4.2
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-5.3
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-4.0
WZK0902-1-55	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.0
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-5.2
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-7.1
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-5.5
	黄铁矿	碳质板岩裂隙内	-4.7
WZK0902-1-80	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-1.8
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-1.9
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-1.2
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-3.7
	黄铁矿	石英脉内	-3.9

Fig.10 Sulfur isotopic compositions of pyrite from the Wudaogou Au deposit

Table 5 Lead isotopic compositions of wall rock, intrusive rock and ore from the Wudaogou gold deposit

样号	样品	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb		²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb		Pb/10^-6	Th/10^-6	U/10^-6	μ	ω
样号	样品	测定值	校正值	测定值	校正值	测定值	校正值	Pb/10^-6	Th/10^-6	U/10^-6	μ	ω
WZK0902-1-3	碳质板岩	19.70	19.21	15.71	15.69	39.52	38.94	12.59	19.97	5.59	9.56	35.18
WZK0902-1-24	碳质板岩	19.20	18.91	15.70	15.69	39.13	38.80	22.46	19.92	5.87	9.59	36.16
WZK0902-1-33	碳质板岩	19.32	19.03	15.72	15.70	39.21	38.89	21.99	19.80	5.68	9.61	35.97
WZK0902-1-37	碳质板岩	19.10	18.83	15.65	15.64	39.00	38.66	17.73	16.67	4.35	9.50	35.60
WZK0902-1-41	碳质板岩	18.89	18.63	15.60	15.58	38.73	38.40	19.54	17.68	4.53	9.41	35.04
WZK0902-1-49	碳质板岩	18.75	18.58	15.68	15.68	38.84	38.62	20.63	12.64	3.02	9.60	37.03
WZK0902-3-1	闪长岩	18.52	18.33	15.56	15.55	38.33	38.09	5.36	3.53	0.92	9.38	35.12
WZK0902-3-2	石英闪长岩	18.50	18.33	15.57	15.56	38.35	38.15	6.59	3.57	0.98	9.39	35.38
WZK0902-1-21	黄铁矿	18.54	18.54	15.73	15.73	38.91	38.91
WZK0902-1-60	黄铁矿	18.65	18.65	15.72	15.72	38.82	38.82

Fig.11 Lead isotope evolution curves of the Wudaogou gold deposit

References 34

[1]	郭晓东. 太平岭成矿带金矿床地质特征及找矿潜力分析[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2014: 1-71.
[2]	周建波, 石爱国, 景妍. 东北地块群:构造演化与古大陆重建[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2016,46(4):1042-1055. DOI URL
[3]	吴福元, 曹林. 东北亚地区的若干重要基础地质问题[J]. 世界地质, 1999(2):4-16.
[4]	徐银波, 李锋, 张家强, 等. 黑龙江省老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组砂岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2018,32(4):786-795.
[5]	王晓敏. 黑龙江省东宁县五道沟地区岩金矿找矿前景分析[J]. 黑龙江冶金, 2012(3):29-30.
[6]	WU F Y, YANG J, WILDE S A, et al. Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Jurassic granites in the Liaodong Peninsula, NE China[J]. Chemical Geology, 2005,221(1/2):127-156. DOI URL
[7]	王凯红, 纪春华, 王秀萍. 敦密断裂带的地质特征及演化[J]. 吉林地质, 2004,23(4):23-27.
[8]	蔡文艳. 黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿床地质特征及成矿预测[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2017: 7.
[9]	丛殿阁. 黑龙江省金厂—老黑山一带印支晚期成岩成矿系统与成矿预测[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2016: 14.
[10]	李克用. 黑龙江省东宁县五道沟岩金普查报告[R]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江有色地质勘查703队, 2013: 60-62.
[11]	闫文强, 高树学, 杨凤喜, 等. 五道沟金矿床控矿因素及找矿方向[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2008(3):43-44.
[12]	卢焕章, 范宏瑞, 倪培, 等. 流体包裹体[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 205-211.
[13]	韦延光, 王建国, 邓军, 等. 山东谢家沟金矿流体包裹体研究及其地质意义[J]. 现代地质, 2005,19(2):224-230.
[14]	陈衍景, 倪培, 范洪瑞, 等. 不同类型热液金矿系统的流体包裹体特征[J]. 岩石学报, 2007,23(9):2085-2108.
[15]	SEWARD T M. Thio complexes of gold and the transport of gold in hydrothermal ore solutions[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1973,37(3):379-399. DOI URL
[16]	HENLEY R W. Solubility of gold in hydrothermal chloride solutions[J]. Chemical Geology, 1973,11(2):73-87. DOI URL
[17]	刘英俊. 金的地球化学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1991: 244-249.
[18]	PHILLIPS G N, EVANS K A. Role of CO₂ in the formation of gold deposits[J]. Nature, 2004,429(6994):860-863. DOI URL PMID
[19]	CLAYTON R N, O’NEIL J R, MAYEDA T K . Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1972,77(17):3057-3067. DOI URL
[20]	张理刚. 稳定同位素在地质科学中的应用:金属活化热液成矿作用及找矿[M]. 西安: 陕西科学技术出版社, 1985: 152-162.
[21]	张先容. 广东凡口铅锌矿床单矿物中微量元素的地球化学特征[J]. 桂林冶金地质学院学报, 1993(1):68-75.
[22]	曾永超, 黄书俊, 贾国相, 等. 岩浆热液型和层控型铅锌矿床中某些金属矿物的特征元素及其地质意义[J]. 地质与勘探, 1985(8):86-91.
[23]	BRALIA A, SABATINI G, TROJA F. A revaluation of the Co/Ni ratio in pyrite as geochemical tool in ore genesis problems[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 1979,14(3):353-374.
[24]	OHMOTO H, MARTIN B G. Surfur and carbon isotopes[M]//BARNES H L. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997: 517-612.
[25]	KELLY W C, RYE R O. Geologic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of the tin-tungsten deposits of Panasqueira, Portugal[J]. Economic Geology, 1979,74(8):1721-1822. DOI URL
[26]	张宏飞, 高山. 地球化学[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2003: 232-234.
[27]	陈瑞莉, 陈正乐, 伍俊杰, 等. 甘肃合作早子沟金矿床流体包裹体及硫铅同位素特征[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2018,48(1):87-104.
[28]	沈渭洲. 稳定同位素地质[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 1987: 337-341.
[29]	路远发. GeoKit:一个用VBA构建的地球化学工具软件包[J]. 地球化学, 2004,33(5):459-464.
[30]	赵玉锁, 阎家盼. 黑龙江金厂金矿成岩成矿时代及成矿地质背景[J]. 矿物学报, 2011,31(s1):676.
[31]	吴开兴, 胡瑞忠, 毕献武, 等. 矿石铅同位素示踪成矿物质来源综述[J]. 地质地球化学, 2002(3):73-81.
[32]	MACFARLANE A W, MARCET P, LEHURAY A P, et al. Lead isotope provinces of the Central Andes inferred from ores and crustal rocks[J]. Economic Geology, 1990,85(8):1857-1880. DOI URL
[33]	林尔为, 郭裕嘉. 冀东金矿集中区的铅同位素研究[J]. 长春地质学院学报, 1985,15(4):1-10.
[34]	ZARTMAN R E, DOE B R. Plumbotectonics—the model[J]. Tectonophysics, 1981,75(1/2):135-162. DOI URL