岩石圈破裂过程与被动陆缘盆地地层样式

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

岩石圈深部结构与被动陆缘沉积充填的耦合关系是盆地动力学研究的重要科学问题。以南海珠江口盆地、北大西洋被动陆缘为例,从被动陆缘深部地壳结构与盆地充填耦合角度,揭示贫岩浆型和富岩浆型陆缘沉积充填差异。研究结果表明岩石圈破裂过程经历了伸展、薄化、剥露、裂解四个阶段,空间上从陆到洋划分出近端带、细颈带、远端带和洋陆过渡带。早期伸展阶段,发育以高角度正断裂为特征的孤立断陷;进入薄化和剥露阶段,细颈带和远端带发育以低角度拆离断裂为特征的拆离断陷;直到初始洋壳出现,被动陆缘区进入漂移期,以区域热沉降为特征。因此,基于岩石圈非瞬时破裂过程所建立的被动陆缘地层样式对被动陆缘盆地油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 被动陆缘, 地层样式, 岩石圈破裂过程, 破裂不整合, 贫岩浆型和富岩浆型陆缘

Abstract:

The coupling relationship between the deep structure of the lithosphere and passive continental margin sedimentary filling is a key scie.pngic issue in basin dynamics research. Taking the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea and the passive margins of the North Atlantic as examples,this study reveals the characteristics and formation patterns of sedimentary infill in magma-poor and magma-rich continental margins through integrated analysis of the coupling between deep crustal deformation and basin infill in passive margins, based on the non-transient lithospheric breakup process.The results show that the lithospheric rupture process undergoes four stages: stretching, thinning, exhumation, and rupture. Spatially, from land to ocean, the tectonic units can be divided from land to ocean into the proximal zone, necking zone, distal zone, and oceanic-continental transition zone.In the early stretching stage, it is characterized by high-angle normal faults and isolated faulted depressions. During the necking and exhumation stages, lithospheric extensional deformation gradually migrates seaward, with low-angle detachment faults as the main feature. In the later stage, the main extension is concentrated in the mid-ocean ridge area, while the passive margin region undergoes regional thermal subsidence.Therefore, the stratigraphic framework patterns of passive marginsbased on the non-transient lithospheric rupture processare of great significance for oil and gas exploration in passive margin basins.

Key words: passive margin, stratigraphic framework pattern, lithospheric rupture process, breakup unconformity, magma-poor and magma-rich type continental margin

中图分类号:

P541

田纳新, 解习农, 李军, 余笑航, 杨光庆. 岩石圈破裂过程与被动陆缘盆地地层样式[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(04): 857-870.

TIAN Naxin, XIE Xinong, LI Jun, YU Xiaohang, YANG Guangqing. Lithosphere Breakup Process and Stratigraphie Architecture Patterns in the Passive Marginal Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(04): 857-870.

图/表 7

图1 利比里亚/纽芬兰陆缘岩石圈破裂过程及其演化阶段 (据Peron-Pinvidic和Manatschal修改[1])

Fig.1 Evolution stages of lithospheric breakup in the Liberia/Newfoundland continental margins (modified from Peron-Pinvidic and Manatschal[1])

图2 珠江口盆地充填序列及二级层序单元划分

Fig.2 Infill sequences and division of second-order sequence units in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

图3 加拿大东部陆缘盆地充填序列及二级层序单元划分((a)富岩浆型陆缘-斯科舍盆地; (b)贫岩浆型陆缘-珍妮达尔克盆地;原始资料源自IHS，略有修改)

Fig.3 Infill sequences and division of second-order sequence units in the easterm Canadian continental margins ((a) Magma-rich continentalmargin-Scotia Basin; (b) Magma-poor continental margin-Jeanne d' Arc Basin; modified from IHS with slight revisions)

图4 珠江口盆地从陆到洋地壳结构特征及地层样式(a)、近端带典型地震剖面(b)、细颈带-远端带典型地震剖面(c)、近端带地层样式(d)和细颈带-远端带地层样式(e)

Fig.4 Crustal structural characteristics and stratigraphic patterns from continent to ocean in the Pearl River Mouth Basin(a), typical seismic profile of the proximal zone(b), typical seismic profile of the necking and distal zones(c), stratigraphic pattern of the proximal zone(d),and stratigraphic pattern of the necking and distal zones(e)

图5 纽芬兰陆缘从陆到洋地壳结构特征及地层样式(a)、近端带典型地震剖面及地层样式(b)和细颈带-远端带典型地震剖面及地层样式(c) (原始剖面据Welsink等[38])

Fig.5 Crustal structural characteristics and stratigraphic patterns from continent to ocean in the Newfoundland Margin(a), typical seismic profile and stratigraphic pattern of the proximal zone(b), and typical seismic profile and stratigraphic pattern of the necking and distal zones(c)(original profiles after Welsink et al.[38])

图6 斯科舍陆缘从陆到洋地壳结构特征及地层样式(a)、近端带典型地震剖面及地层样式(b)和细颈带-远端带典型地震剖面及地层样式(c)(据IHS)

Fig.6 Crustal structural characteristics and stratigraphic patterns from continent to ocean in the Scotia Margin(a),typical seismic profile and stratigraphic pattern of the proximal zone(b), and typical seismic profile and stratigraphic pattern of the necking and distal zones(c)(from IHS)

图7 贫岩浆型与富岩浆型陆缘地层样式差异

Fig.7 Differences in stratigraphic patterns between magma-poor and magma-rich continental margins

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