塔里木盆地顺北西部走滑断裂带变形及其活动特征

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2025.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔里木盆地顺北5号断裂带以西地区发育多条NNW向走滑断裂带,对奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气成藏具有重要控制作用,但关于走滑断裂带发育特征及其形成机理等研究仍较少。本文主要基于最新三维地震资料精细解释成果,分析顺北西部地区走滑断裂带差异变形特征,明确走滑断裂活动期次及其强度,同时结合盆缘区域构造事件,探讨走滑断裂带形成机理。顺北西部地区走滑断裂带向下插入前寒武系,向上断至二叠系,剖面上多呈单条直立断层、花状构造和地堑形态。走滑断裂带在平面上主要呈NNW向线性和雁列式展布,局部地区发育叠接段。走滑断裂带主要发生右行走滑运动,断裂带活动较强向东逐渐减弱。顺北西部走滑断裂带主要经历了加里东早期初始弱走滑、加里东中期强走滑、加里东晚期—海西早期弱走滑以及海西中—晚期持续弱走滑等4个演化阶段。通过分析塔里木盆地盆缘造山差异活动和区域应力场特征,指出先存剪切破裂是顺北西部地区NNW向走滑断裂带形成的基础,而多期次调节变形、斜向挤压作用和板内块体旋转对走滑断裂带的发育也有重要影响。

关键词: 走滑断裂带, 差异变形, 活动强度, 塔里木盆地, 顺北西部

Abstract:

Several NNW-trending strike-slip faults are developed well in the area west of the Shunbei No.5 Fault Zone in the Tarim basin, which have controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in the Ordovician carbonate rocks.However, research on the development characteristics and formation mechanisms of these strike-slip fault zones remains limited.Based on the refined interpretation results of the latest 3D seismic data, the paper analyzes the characteristics of differential deformation of the strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area, clarifies the activity periods and intensities of the strike-slip faults, and investigates their formation mechanisms in the context of regional orogenic events along the basin margin.The strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area extend downward into the Precambrian and upward to the Permian. In cross-section, they mostly present as single upright faults, flower structures, and graben morphologies. On the plane, the strike-slip fault zones are mainly distributed in a NNW-trending linear and en-echelon pattern, with overlapping segments developed in local areas. The strike-slip fault zones mainly undergo right-lateral strike-slip movement, and the activity intensity of the fault zones gradually diminishes eastward.The strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area have mainly gone through four evolutionary stages: the initial weak strike-slip stage in the Early Caledonian, the strong strike-slip stage in the Middle Caledonian, the weak strike-slip stage from the Late Caledonian to the Early Hercynian, and the continuous weak strike-slip stage from the Middle to the Late Hercynian.By analyzing the differential orogenic activities on the basin margin of the Tarim Basin and the characteristics of the regional stress field, it is pointed out that pre-existing shear fractures serve as the basis for the formation of the NNW-trending strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area. Moreover, multi-stage adjustment deformation, oblique compression, and intra-plate block rotation also exert important influences on the development of the strike-slip fault zones.

Key words: strike-slip fault zone, differential deformation, activity intensity, Tarim Basin, western Shunbei

中图分类号:

P542

黄诚, 林波, 余一欣, 杨帆, 余浪, 陈俊宇, 牛月萌. 塔里木盆地顺北西部走滑断裂带变形及其活动特征[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(04): 871-883.

HUANG Cheng, LIN Bo, YU Yixin, YANG Fan, YU Lang, CHEN Junyu, NIU Yuemeng. Deformation and Activity Characteristics of Strike-slip Fault Zones in the Western Shunbei Area, Tarim Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(04): 871-883.

图/表 11

图1 顺北及邻区区域位置示意图(a)、塔里木盆地顺北及邻区走滑断裂系统图(b,据文献[26]修改)

Fig.1 Schematic map of the regional location of Shunbei and adjacent areas(a), and strike-slip fault system in Shunbei and adjacent areas of the Tarim Basin(b) (modified after reference[26])

图2 塔里木盆地顺北西部地区古生界综合柱状图

Fig.2 Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the Paleozoic in the western Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

图3 研究区北部走滑断裂带典型地震剖面(剖面位置见图1) (a)未解释地震剖面;(b)解释地震剖面

Fig.3 Typical seismic profiles of strike-slip fault zones in the northern part of the study area(See Fig.1 for profile locations)

图4 研究区中部走滑断裂带典型地震剖面(剖面位置见图1) (a)未解释地震剖面;(b)解释地震剖面

Fig.4 Typical seismic profiles of strike-slip fault zones in the central part of the study area(See Fig.1 for profile locations)

图5 研究区南部走滑断裂带典型地震剖面(剖面位置见图1) (a)未解释地震剖面;(b)解释地震剖面

Fig.5 Typical seismic profiles of strike-slip fault zones in the southern part of the study area(See Fig.1 for profile locations)

图6 顺北西部不同地层界面断裂分布

Fig.6 Distribution of faults at different stratigraphic interfaces in the western Shunbei area

图7 顺北西部走滑断裂带在不同地层界面的变形幅度

Fig.7 Deformation amplitudes of strike-slip fault zones at different stratigraphic interfaces in the western Shunbei area

图8 顺北西部走滑断裂带不同地层界面断裂带宽度

Fig.8 Widths of strike-slip fault zones at different stratigraphic interfaces in the western Shunbei area

图9 顺北西部地区走滑断裂带运动方向分析示意图 (a)T74界面相干切片和断裂解释;(b)F13断裂带局部地震解释剖面;(c)T60界面相干切片和断裂解释;(d)F13断裂带局部地震解释剖面;(e)T70界面相干切片和断裂解释;(f)F11和F11-1断裂带局部地震解释剖面

Fig.9 Schematic diagram for analyzing movement directions of strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area

图10 顺北西部地区走滑断裂带活动期次划分示意图(剖面位置见图1)

Fig.10 Schematic division of activity periods of strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area(See Fig.1 for profile locations)

图11 顺北西部地区走滑断裂带形成演化模式图

Fig.11 Formation and evolution model of strike-slip fault zones in the western Shunbei area

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