胶东地区夏甸金矿床构造蚀变带中金富集作用与微量元素迁移关系分析

doi:10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2024.060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶东是我国最大的金矿集区,具有巨量、瞬时成矿的特征,发育强烈的流体交代作用。蚀变岩型金矿床是其中最为重要的一类金矿床,具有成矿规模大(约占胶东黄金储量2/3)、矿体主要产于招平断裂带下盘、金矿化主要与黄铁绢英岩化和岩石碎裂程度关系密切等特征,然而对矿化蚀变过程中金富集成矿与元素迁移关系理解不深。本文选择招平断裂带超大型夏甸金矿床为研究对象(约140 t,平均品位4.23 g/t),开展构造蚀变带岩相学观察和微量元素质量平衡计算,结果显示,构造蚀变带可分为断层泥、黄铁绢英质碎裂岩带、弱碎裂化糜棱岩带、碎裂化黄铁绢英花岗岩带、碎裂化花岗岩带(发育含黄铁矿石英脉)和正长花岗质碎裂岩带;金富集与蚀变矿物次生石英、黄铁矿关系密切,绢云母次之;黄铁绢英质碎裂岩带为金富集带,强活泼元素(Au、Ag、W)、活泼元素(Cs、Ba、Rb)和弱活泼元素(Pb、Sr)在蚀变带内迁入率增加,特别在黄铁绢英质碎裂岩带表现为迁入,过渡元素(Cr、Ni)表现为元素的迁出,在靠近两侧构造蚀变带的黄铁绢英质碎裂岩迁出率明显降低,局部有迁入的特征。LREE靠近断层泥一端迁移率变化较小(-1.2%~-3.7%)。高场强元素HREE在蚀变带内几乎无明显变化。黄铁绢英质碎裂岩带原岩为斜长花岗岩,所以成矿流体沿着主断层带(F1)斜长花岗岩发生强烈的交代作用,并伴随元素迁入迁出和金富集成矿,说明成矿流体对围岩改造非常强烈,这可能是胶东地区能够形成大规模成矿主要原因。

关键词: 夏甸金矿床, 构造蚀变带, 元素迁移率, Au沉淀, 胶东地区

Abstract:

Jiaodong is the largest gold ore concentration area in China, characterized by massive and instantaneous mineralization, with intense fluid metasomatism. Alteration-type gold deposits are the most important type of gold deposits here, featuring large mineralization scale (accounting for approximately 2/3 of Jiaodong’s gold reserves), orebodies mainly occurring in the footwall of the Zhaoping fault zone, and gold mineralization closely related to beresitization and rock fragmentation degree. However, the relationship between gold enrichment and element migration during mineralization and alteration remains poorly understood. This study focuses on the super-large Xiadian gold deposit (approximately 140 t, average grade 4.23 g/t) in the Zhaoping fault zone, conducting petrographic observation of the tectonic-alteration zone and mass balance calculation of trace elements. The results show that the tectonic-alteration zone can be divided into six lithological zones: fault gouge, beresitic cataclasite zone, weakly fragmented mylonite zone, fragmented beresitic granite zone, fragmented granite zone (with pyrite-bearing quartz veins), and syenogranitic cataclasite zone. Gold enrichment is closely related to altered minerals such as secondary quartz and pyrite, followed by sericite. The pyrite-sericite-quartz cataclastic rock zone is a gold-enriched zone. The migration rates of strongly active elements (Au, Ag, W), active elements (Cs, Ba, Rb), and weakly active elements (Pb, Sr) increase in the altered zone, with migration being particularly evident in the pyrite-sericite-quartz cataclastic rock zone. Transitional elements (Cr, Ni) show migration out of the zone. The migration-out rate of pyrite-sericite-quartz cataclastic rocks near the tectonically altered zones on both sides decreases significantly, with local migration-in characteristics.The migration rate of LREE near the fault gouge end shows minor changes (-1.2%~-3.7%). High field strength elements (HREE) show almost no significant changes within the alteration zone. The protolith of the beresitic cataclasite zone is plagiogranite; thus, ore-forming fluids underwent intense metasomatism along the main fault zone (F1) in plagiogranite, accompanied by element migration (both into and out of the zone) and gold enrichment. This indicates that ore-forming fluids strongly altered the surrounding rocks, which may be the main reason for large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong area.

Key words: Xiadian gold deposit, tectonic-alteration zone, element migration rate, Au precipitation, Jiaodong area

中图分类号:

P611

李金辉, 张海东, 雷万杉. 胶东地区夏甸金矿床构造蚀变带中金富集作用与微量元素迁移关系分析[J]. 现代地质, 2025, 39(04): 981-994.

LI Jinhui, ZHANG Haidong, LEI Wanshan. Relationship between Gold Enrichment and Trace Element Migration in the Tectonic-Alteration Zone of the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Area[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(04): 981-994.

图/表 10

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样品编号	X652-550
样品编号	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
Cs	0.58	0.75	0.79	1.28	1.07	1.81	0.95	1.04	0.60	0.31
Ba	705.10	789.30	567.70	468.20	427.00	409.50	1013.00	907.10	1122.00	529.70
Rb	365.80	239.00	286.50	322.70	307.50	404.30	404.70	419.20	415.20	254.50
Li	0.73	2.99	1.84	5.07	5.40	7.53	2.40	2.58	0.15	0.08
Pb	36.75	10.03	10.76	8.73	11.63	11.84	12.29	11.90	32.44	17.08
Sr	252.00	419.70	290.80	303.10	331.20	263.20	260.70	197.20	232.10	214.40
Th	0.97	2.37	7.33	7.30	6.16	2.13	8.18	8.57	1.11	3.96
U	1.80	1.52	6.90	4.51	2.58	1.23	3.15	3.06	0.43	1.70
Nb	3.10	5.69	17.21	19.83	17.13	9.11	10.36	9.94	4.03	3.74
Ta	0.92	1.22	2.72	3.05	2.36	1.34	1.24	1.18	0.30	0.25
Zr	39.91	61.10	159.30	199.70	171.40	90.86	139.9	153.50	16.02	51.97
Hf	1.43	2.17	5.61	6.50	5.40	2.84	4.52	4.73	0.58	2.65
Cr	25.57	68.40	32.25	41.81	50.86	66.20	68.62	51.63	3.76	6.46
Co	32.40	19.99	34.56	15.97	18.74	9.71	43.72	11.29	44.18	20.13
Ni	11.81	22.88	13.61	19.11	27.53	52.51	19.72	11.25	5.73	4.19
Cu	5.00	41.04	7.23	58.39	138.80	240.50	54.39	131.80	6.26	33.09
V	26.82	94.20	67.77	129.80	166.10	196.10	71.36	87.00	2.66	4.15
Zn	6.19	13.53	8.54	24.57	32.43	44.26	13.39	8.86	8.25	5.77
La	2.42	8.37	14.91	18.52	21.00	14.51	25.25	21.93	1.03	2.76
Ce	5.63	16.57	34.66	42.46	47.44	30.46	53.85	46.48	2.50	6.51
Pr	0.72	1.89	4.59	5.70	6.29	3.65	6.66	5.75	0.23	0.73
Nd	2.67	9.01	20.98	25.28	27.91	16.26	26.97	24.05	0.81	2.73
Sm	0.40	1.75	5.00	5.72	5.89	3.46	5.02	4.35	0.21	0.52
Eu	0.19	0.33	0.67	0.80	0.84	0.47	0.70	0.54	0.11	0.16
Gd	0.47	1.64	5.83	5.95	5.59	3.75	4.38	3.27	0.20	0.68
Tb	0.10	0.21	0.85	0.77	0.75	0.54	0.61	0.32	0.04	0.11
Dy	0.64	1.53	5.44	4.66	4.56	3.76	3.78	2.35	0.25	0.88
Ho	0.12	0.29	1.13	0.93	0.92	0.72	0.74	0.43	0.05	0.17
Er	0.33	0.83	3.34	2.47	2.48	2.06	2.09	1.34	0.16	0.52
Tm	0.06	0.12	0.51	0.38	0.39	0.30	0.31	0.19	0.025	0.09
Yb	0.32	0.68	2.84	2.05	2.15	1.73	1.72	1.05	0.13	0.44
Lu	0.05	0.10	0.49	0.36	0.36	0.29	0.29	0.17	0.02	0.08
Y	6.82	10.60	32.59	30.96	29.86	24.64	23.45	16.74	5.11	9.09
w(Au)	3015.00	3818.00	1333.00	1066.00	1626.00	2431.00	8855.00	972.00	5260.00	2114.00
w(Ag)	675.00	999.00	374.00	845.00	561.00	1011.00	1439.00	286.00	1014.00	2463.00
w(W)	3.93	6.62	14.50	17.70	28.70	24.80	10.30	12.70	2.62	2.42
w(Sb)	0.21	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.37	0.30	0.20	0.17	0.31	0.34
w(As)	10.00	15.00	10.50	7.38	12.60	19.70	8.72	4.85	8.20	4.53
次生石英	25.00	24.00	25.00	24.00	20.00	25.00	25.00	27.00	26.00	20.00
次生钾长石	2.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	1.00	3.00	2.00	1.00	5.00
绢云母	4.00	3.00	3.00	4.00	3.00	4.00	4.00	6.00	3.00	2.00
方解石	4.00	4.00	3.00	5.00	5.00	8.00	3.00	2.00	2.00	5.00
黄铁矿	8.00	8.00	8.00	7.00	8.00	6.00	8.00	3.00	4.00	4.00

样品编号	X652-550
样品编号	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
Cs	0.58	0.75	0.79	1.28	1.07	1.81	0.95	1.04	0.60	0.31
Ba	705.10	789.30	567.70	468.20	427.00	409.50	1013.00	907.10	1122.00	529.70
Rb	365.80	239.00	286.50	322.70	307.50	404.30	404.70	419.20	415.20	254.50
Li	0.73	2.99	1.84	5.07	5.40	7.53	2.40	2.58	0.15	0.08
Pb	36.75	10.03	10.76	8.73	11.63	11.84	12.29	11.90	32.44	17.08
Sr	252.00	419.70	290.80	303.10	331.20	263.20	260.70	197.20	232.10	214.40
Th	0.97	2.37	7.33	7.30	6.16	2.13	8.18	8.57	1.11	3.96
U	1.80	1.52	6.90	4.51	2.58	1.23	3.15	3.06	0.43	1.70
Nb	3.10	5.69	17.21	19.83	17.13	9.11	10.36	9.94	4.03	3.74
Ta	0.92	1.22	2.72	3.05	2.36	1.34	1.24	1.18	0.30	0.25
Zr	39.91	61.10	159.30	199.70	171.40	90.86	139.9	153.50	16.02	51.97
Hf	1.43	2.17	5.61	6.50	5.40	2.84	4.52	4.73	0.58	2.65
Cr	25.57	68.40	32.25	41.81	50.86	66.20	68.62	51.63	3.76	6.46
Co	32.40	19.99	34.56	15.97	18.74	9.71	43.72	11.29	44.18	20.13
Ni	11.81	22.88	13.61	19.11	27.53	52.51	19.72	11.25	5.73	4.19
Cu	5.00	41.04	7.23	58.39	138.80	240.50	54.39	131.80	6.26	33.09
V	26.82	94.20	67.77	129.80	166.10	196.10	71.36	87.00	2.66	4.15
Zn	6.19	13.53	8.54	24.57	32.43	44.26	13.39	8.86	8.25	5.77
La	2.42	8.37	14.91	18.52	21.00	14.51	25.25	21.93	1.03	2.76
Ce	5.63	16.57	34.66	42.46	47.44	30.46	53.85	46.48	2.50	6.51
Pr	0.72	1.89	4.59	5.70	6.29	3.65	6.66	5.75	0.23	0.73
Nd	2.67	9.01	20.98	25.28	27.91	16.26	26.97	24.05	0.81	2.73
Sm	0.40	1.75	5.00	5.72	5.89	3.46	5.02	4.35	0.21	0.52
Eu	0.19	0.33	0.67	0.80	0.84	0.47	0.70	0.54	0.11	0.16
Gd	0.47	1.64	5.83	5.95	5.59	3.75	4.38	3.27	0.20	0.68
Tb	0.10	0.21	0.85	0.77	0.75	0.54	0.61	0.32	0.04	0.11
Dy	0.64	1.53	5.44	4.66	4.56	3.76	3.78	2.35	0.25	0.88
Ho	0.12	0.29	1.13	0.93	0.92	0.72	0.74	0.43	0.05	0.17
Er	0.33	0.83	3.34	2.47	2.48	2.06	2.09	1.34	0.16	0.52
Tm	0.06	0.12	0.51	0.38	0.39	0.30	0.31	0.19	0.025	0.09
Yb	0.32	0.68	2.84	2.05	2.15	1.73	1.72	1.05	0.13	0.44
Lu	0.05	0.10	0.49	0.36	0.36	0.29	0.29	0.17	0.02	0.08
Y	6.82	10.60	32.59	30.96	29.86	24.64	23.45	16.74	5.11	9.09
w(Au)	3015.00	3818.00	1333.00	1066.00	1626.00	2431.00	8855.00	972.00	5260.00	2114.00
w(Ag)	675.00	999.00	374.00	845.00	561.00	1011.00	1439.00	286.00	1014.00	2463.00
w(W)	3.93	6.62	14.50	17.70	28.70	24.80	10.30	12.70	2.62	2.42
w(Sb)	0.21	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.37	0.30	0.20	0.17	0.31	0.34
w(As)	10.00	15.00	10.50	7.38	12.60	19.70	8.72	4.85	8.20	4.53
次生石英	25.00	24.00	25.00	24.00	20.00	25.00	25.00	27.00	26.00	20.00
次生钾长石	2.00	1.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	1.00	3.00	2.00	1.00	5.00
绢云母	4.00	3.00	3.00	4.00	3.00	4.00	4.00	6.00	3.00	2.00
方解石	4.00	4.00	3.00	5.00	5.00	8.00	3.00	2.00	2.00	5.00
黄铁矿	8.00	8.00	8.00	7.00	8.00	6.00	8.00	3.00	4.00	4.00

样品编号		X652-550
样品编号		5	6	7	8	10	11	12	13
Cs	大离子亲石元素(活泼元素)	0.06	-0.73	-0.40	-0.52	-0.47	-0.05	3.44	-0.32
Ba		3.90	-0.16	-0.04	-0.16	1.49	2.65	35.46	4.09
Rb		0.50	-0.57	-0.33	-0.39	0.01	0.71	12.67	1.47
Li		0.01	-0.85	-0.43	-0.42	-0.68	-0.43	-0.73	-0.96
Pb	大离子亲石元素 (弱活泼元素)	1.15	-0.45	-0.38	-0.21	0.04	0.66	35.45	4.67
Sr		3.06	-0.33	-0.03	0.01	0.00	0.23	10.74	2.20
Th		1.84	1.10	1.90	1.33	2.87	5.64	5.91	6.32
U		2.15	2.41	2.09	0.68	1.57	3.09	3.61	4.44
Nb		0.59	0.15	0.84	0.51	0.14	0.80	4.88	0.61
Ta		1.31	0.23	0.92	0.41	-0.08	0.45	2.00	-0.25
Zr		0.71	0.07	0.85	0.52	0.55	1.78	1.35	1.25
Hf		0.94	0.20	0.93	0.53	0.60	1.74	1.70	2.66
Cr	过渡元素	1.63	-0.70	-0.47	-0.38	0.04	0.28	-0.24	-0.62
Co		4.24	1.17	0.39	0.55	3.53	0.92	59.55	7.15
Ni		0.11	-0.84	-0.69	-0.58	-0.62	-0.65	0.45	-0.69
Cu		-0.57	-0.98	-0.80	-0.54	-0.77	-0.10	-0.65	-0.46
V		0.22	-0.79	-0.44	-0.32	-0.63	-0.27	-0.82	-0.92
Zn		-0.22	-0.88	-0.53	-0.41	-0.70	-0.67	1.48	-0.49
La	高场强元素 (LREE)	0.47	-0.37	0.08	0.16	0.75	1.49	-0.06	-0.25
Ce		0.38	-0.31	0.18	0.25	0.78	1.51	0.09	-0.16
Pr		0.32	-0.23	0.32	0.39	0.83	1.60	-0.16	-0.21
Nd		0.41	-0.21	0.31	0.38	0.67	1.44	-0.34	-0.34
Sm		0.29	-0.12	0.40	0.37	0.46	1.07	-0.19	-0.41
Eu		0.78	-0.12	0.44	0.44	0.51	0.91	2.14	0.35
Gd	高场强元素 (HREE)	0.11	-0.05	0.34	0.20	0.17	0.44	-0.29	-0.28
Tb		-0.01	-0.04	0.20	0.12	0.14	-0.02	-0.14	-0.20
Dy		0.04	-0.12	0.05	-0.02	0.01	0.03	-0.12	-0.08
Ho		0.02	-0.04	0.09	0.03	0.03	-0.02	-0.06	-0.07
Er		0.03	-0.01	0.01	-0.03	0.02	0.07	0.03	-0.01
Tm		0.02	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.11
Yb		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Lu		-0.12	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.01	-0.03	-0.04	0.07
Y		0.09	-0.19	0.06	-0.02	-0.04	0.12	1.76	0.45
w(Au)	强	3.00	-0.67	-0.63	-0.46	2.66	-0.34	27.79	2.42
w(Ag)	活	1.51	-0.77	-0.29	-0.55	0.43	-0.53	12.35	8.58
w(W)	泼	-0.32	-0.64	-0.40	-0.07	-0.58	-0.16	0.41	-0.62
w(Sb)	元	1.37	-0.43	-0.16	-0.01	-0.33	-0.07	12.75	3.46
w(As)	素	0.94	-0.68	-0.68	-0.49	-0.55	-0.59	4.54	-0.10

样品编号		X652-550
样品编号		5	6	7	8	10	11	12	13
Cs	大离子亲石元素(活泼元素)	0.06	-0.73	-0.40	-0.52	-0.47	-0.05	3.44	-0.32
Ba		3.90	-0.16	-0.04	-0.16	1.49	2.65	35.46	4.09
Rb		0.50	-0.57	-0.33	-0.39	0.01	0.71	12.67	1.47
Li		0.01	-0.85	-0.43	-0.42	-0.68	-0.43	-0.73	-0.96
Pb	大离子亲石元素 (弱活泼元素)	1.15	-0.45	-0.38	-0.21	0.04	0.66	35.45	4.67
Sr		3.06	-0.33	-0.03	0.01	0.00	0.23	10.74	2.20
Th		1.84	1.10	1.90	1.33	2.87	5.64	5.91	6.32
U		2.15	2.41	2.09	0.68	1.57	3.09	3.61	4.44
Nb		0.59	0.15	0.84	0.51	0.14	0.80	4.88	0.61
Ta		1.31	0.23	0.92	0.41	-0.08	0.45	2.00	-0.25
Zr		0.71	0.07	0.85	0.52	0.55	1.78	1.35	1.25
Hf		0.94	0.20	0.93	0.53	0.60	1.74	1.70	2.66
Cr	过渡元素	1.63	-0.70	-0.47	-0.38	0.04	0.28	-0.24	-0.62
Co		4.24	1.17	0.39	0.55	3.53	0.92	59.55	7.15
Ni		0.11	-0.84	-0.69	-0.58	-0.62	-0.65	0.45	-0.69
Cu		-0.57	-0.98	-0.80	-0.54	-0.77	-0.10	-0.65	-0.46
V		0.22	-0.79	-0.44	-0.32	-0.63	-0.27	-0.82	-0.92
Zn		-0.22	-0.88	-0.53	-0.41	-0.70	-0.67	1.48	-0.49
La	高场强元素 (LREE)	0.47	-0.37	0.08	0.16	0.75	1.49	-0.06	-0.25
Ce		0.38	-0.31	0.18	0.25	0.78	1.51	0.09	-0.16
Pr		0.32	-0.23	0.32	0.39	0.83	1.60	-0.16	-0.21
Nd		0.41	-0.21	0.31	0.38	0.67	1.44	-0.34	-0.34
Sm		0.29	-0.12	0.40	0.37	0.46	1.07	-0.19	-0.41
Eu		0.78	-0.12	0.44	0.44	0.51	0.91	2.14	0.35
Gd	高场强元素 (HREE)	0.11	-0.05	0.34	0.20	0.17	0.44	-0.29	-0.28
Tb		-0.01	-0.04	0.20	0.12	0.14	-0.02	-0.14	-0.20
Dy		0.04	-0.12	0.05	-0.02	0.01	0.03	-0.12	-0.08
Ho		0.02	-0.04	0.09	0.03	0.03	-0.02	-0.06	-0.07
Er		0.03	-0.01	0.01	-0.03	0.02	0.07	0.03	-0.01
Tm		0.02	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.11	0.11
Yb		0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Lu		-0.12	0.03	0.05	0.00	0.01	-0.03	-0.04	0.07
Y		0.09	-0.19	0.06	-0.02	-0.04	0.12	1.76	0.45
w(Au)	强	3.00	-0.67	-0.63	-0.46	2.66	-0.34	27.79	2.42
w(Ag)	活	1.51	-0.77	-0.29	-0.55	0.43	-0.53	12.35	8.58
w(W)	泼	-0.32	-0.64	-0.40	-0.07	-0.58	-0.16	0.41	-0.62
w(Sb)	元	1.37	-0.43	-0.16	-0.01	-0.33	-0.07	12.75	3.46
w(As)	素	0.94	-0.68	-0.68	-0.49	-0.55	-0.59	4.54	-0.10